|
?張明權(quán) |
本期點(diǎn)評(píng)專家:張明權(quán)
參考譯文:
Asian Games opening ceremony rehearsed for the first time
A comprehensive rehearsal for Guangzhou Asian Games was initiated before an audience of nearly 10 thousand on the small island of Haixinsha (an island in Guangzhou, where the opening and closing ceremonies of 2010 Asian Games will be held) under glistening light regimes. The spectacular, dynamic, and "creative (they say)" performance overwhelmed all the spectators.
The most expected of all are welcoming the flame and lighting the cauldron. At the first rehearsal, as the Olympic cauldron pedestal located right in the center of the stadium was being slowly lifted to its peak, sparks blazed away showing the digits of 2010 on 8 gigantic projection screens paired into 4 "sails". However, the cauldron pedestal was empty in the rehearsal, for the cauldron and how it will be lit are both strictly kept secret. Presumably, the cauldron will be lit aloft in the air, according to the audience present.
和寫作比起來,翻譯更需要精雕細(xì)琢,對(duì)于“天才”作家而言,下筆千言,文不加點(diǎn),并非不可能的事情,然而譯者所譯的一詞一句都是有來源的,不是譯者可以妄加更改的,作家可以把一整篇文章推倒重來,而譯者需要的更多的是“打磨”的功夫。當(dāng)然,考慮到漢譯英的特點(diǎn),由于語言基本功不扎實(shí),一些初學(xué)者的譯文也真需要推倒重來,筆者經(jīng)常要為一些老師翻譯論文摘要,有的是帶著自己的譯稿來找我修改的,結(jié)果我經(jīng)常需要全部重譯。沒有達(dá)到基本要求的譯稿是無法“打磨”的,所以學(xué)習(xí)翻譯的人必須切記,先把外語學(xué)好了再做翻譯(不是翻譯練習(xí),練習(xí)是沒關(guān)系的)不遲,急于求成反而事倍功半,說的就是這個(gè)道理。
下面就以“打磨”為中心,具體看一些詞語和句子的翻譯。首先,第一段文字中“看過彩排的現(xiàn)場(chǎng)觀眾都大贊"有創(chuàng)意”,這句話和第一句話有所重復(fù),怎樣才能巧妙的把二者結(jié)合起來呢?筆者選擇了“跨句處理”的方法,把第一句話中的“驚艷、創(chuàng)意和動(dòng)感”拿出來做第二句的主語,翻譯成The spectacular, dynamic, and "creative (they say)" performance overwhelmed all the spectators。注意在creative一詞上是有引號(hào)的,并在括號(hào)里注明了they say,從而說明這也是觀眾的用詞。另外,對(duì)于第一句話中“絢麗燈光環(huán)繞下”的處理,筆者刻意選擇了light regimes這個(gè)專業(yè)術(shù)語,回譯成中文就是“光環(huán)境”的意思,這樣可以彌補(bǔ)glistening一詞對(duì)譯“絢麗”上的一些不足。
在譯題一中,“圣火”flame,“彩排”rehearsal,“驚艷”spectacular, “主火炬”O(jiān)lympic cauldron等漢語詞匯和英語詞匯似乎不是一一對(duì)應(yīng)的,漢語詞匯負(fù)載了更多的感情色彩,而英語詞匯則更客觀,這里涉及我們此前多次分析過的問題。有網(wǎng)友慨嘆,沒有看過開幕式彩排,所以不知道“4面‘風(fēng)帆’上的8塊巨型投影屏”到底是什么樣子的,這也是翻譯中遇到的一個(gè)問題,就是一些專業(yè)的東西,包括前面說的“主火炬”,往往需要請(qǐng)教專業(yè)人員或者查找專業(yè)詞典。風(fēng)帆(sails)的創(chuàng)意很容易讓我們想到迪拜的七星級(jí)酒店,而“投影屏”有點(diǎn)令人懷疑是“液晶屏”,不少網(wǎng)友省譯為screen,也可能也是有此懷疑,但從技術(shù)上講用投影屏一點(diǎn)問題沒有,所以這里我們還是直譯projection screen,在沒有確鑿證據(jù)前譯者不能擅改原文。在整個(gè)翻譯中,筆者參閱了相關(guān)報(bào)道,把上面提到的這句話翻譯成了on 8 gigantic projection screens paired into 4 "sails"(“藍(lán)咪咪”翻譯成 8 projection screens on "sail-shaped" LED panels,筆者沒有查到相關(guān)的資料):還有就是“受到嚴(yán)格保密的圣火也沒有露面”,這里也涉及不少的翻譯問題,因?yàn)楸C艿脑?,彩排時(shí)的“主火炬塔”肯定是空的,所以筆者翻譯為:the cauldron pedestal was empty in the rehearsal,而至于保密的內(nèi)容,結(jié)合下文對(duì)圣火點(diǎn)燃方式的推測(cè),綜合翻譯成the cauldron and how it will be lit are both strictly kept secret(我覺得火炬flame正在傳遞中,本身就是不可能進(jìn)場(chǎng)的)。
PS: 通過仔細(xì)研究,我總結(jié)與奧運(yùn)火炬有關(guān)的一些詞,不當(dāng)之處,還請(qǐng)專業(yè)人員指正?;鹁婊蚴セ穑╢lame),圣火盆(cauldron),主火炬(cauldron),主火炬塔(cauldron pedestal)。媒體中報(bào)道的“胡錦濤在亞運(yùn)火炬接力儀式上點(diǎn)燃主火炬”里的“主火炬”應(yīng)該是指“圣火盆”,而“點(diǎn)燃主火炬塔”就是點(diǎn)燃主火炬塔上的主火炬(在英語中和圣火盆是同一個(gè)單詞cauldron)。
參考譯文: Beijing Pavilion to come home
Only ten days to go before the World Expo drops its curtain. People are seeking a last opportunity for a "carnival" (“藍(lán)咪咪”的譯文很好:Shanghai Expo is indulging in its last moment of joy). Despite strong appeals for an extension from the public, the World Expo is to conclude on October 31st as scheduled. Good news: the glamorous Beijing Pavilion will be packed home and open up in its home city to entertain local residents who failed to make it to the Shanghai World Expo.
According to an informed person, "Green Beijing" has been one of the themes for the pavilion of China's capital. In view of sustainable use, an unconventional welding technology was adopted immediately the pavilion was constructed.
世博會(huì)閉幕了,那么能不能說the World Expo draws its curtain呢?按照詞典的解釋to draw a curtain的意思是to cause a curtain to slide or move, either closing or unclosing,應(yīng)該是可以的,筆者在網(wǎng)上也搜到了個(gè)別的例證,但大多數(shù)媒體在報(bào)道的時(shí)候還是選擇了其它的表達(dá)方式,比如draw its curtain to a close, drop a curtain, lower a curtain, the curtain falls等,原因可能是draw a curtain同時(shí)也可以表示開幕。網(wǎng)友的翻譯僅有一人使用了the curtain will be drew(過去分詞應(yīng)該是drawn)的表達(dá)方式。“延期”的翻譯在這里基本上分為兩種,extension或者postponement,extension指空間和時(shí)間上的延展,是對(duì)現(xiàn)存事物的改變,而postponement涉及的事情往往還沒開始,需要延期舉行,所以后者用在這里不合適。至于“網(wǎng)上網(wǎng)下”,可以采用二分法,翻譯成netizens and non-netizens,或者省譯為the public。
比較有意思的是“衣錦還鄉(xiāng)”這個(gè)漢語成語,網(wǎng)友的翻譯各有千秋,比如make a triumphant homecoming等,這也是“藍(lán)咪咪”網(wǎng)友的翻譯,值得一提的,該網(wǎng)友整體上翻譯的很好,參考譯文中failed to make it to spl.和 sustainable use也是對(duì)該譯文的借鑒。
特別值得注意的是,“據(jù)記者了解”中的記者到底是指誰,經(jīng)查網(wǎng)絡(luò)可以發(fā)現(xiàn),這是北京晨報(bào)記者朱爍的新聞稿,這里的記者應(yīng)該指其本人,因?yàn)樾侣勍ǔ?biāo)榜客觀,所以不說“我”或“本人”。在電視媒體中,由播音員對(duì)新聞轉(zhuǎn)述,所以其中提到的記者會(huì)有不同。因此,這里不能翻譯成according to the journalist或reporter,有兩種處理方式,一是用被動(dòng)語態(tài),the reporter is informed,二是干脆不提記者,而是換成信息的提供者,according to an informed person。
參考譯文
"Hoarders" swing into action as prices rise
When news come that prices are going up for daily necessities, such as cloth, toilet paper, milk powder, sugar and cooking oil, smart guys determine to get the upper hand at everything before the dice is cast. The day before yesterday, the reporter personally observed that in some supermarkets at Beijing, oil of some brands and sugar were sold out. Seeing through people's hoarding mentality, businessmen were passionately promoting economy size. Under the impulse to save money, young people as well as senior citizens loaded their shopping trolleys with white sugar, edible oil and rice. Surprisingly, the calculative youth even swung into faster action than their elders.
從“囤積者”到“囤囤族”,詞語的發(fā)展總是走著一條求新、時(shí)尚的道路,然而當(dāng)“囤囤族”向年輕人包抄過來的時(shí)候,原本的一絲幽默瞬間變成了苦澀,遇著漲價(jià)的時(shí)候,消費(fèi)者自然萌生“囤積”心理,然而原本省錢的舉動(dòng)卻成就了商家的利潤(rùn)。英語中有hoarder一詞對(duì)應(yīng)“囤囤族”,雖然不夠時(shí)尚,卻多了一份病態(tài)心理,請(qǐng)看例句:Pet hoarding is a disturbingly common mental illness that goes far beyond simply having a lot of cats: it is an actual disease that destroys homes and lives。實(shí)施上,用hoarder一詞對(duì)應(yīng)漢語“囤囤族”確實(shí)不夠準(zhǔn)確,“某某族”在漢語中現(xiàn)在是一個(gè)流行的構(gòu)詞成分,比如“工薪族wager earner/employees”、“蟻?zhàn)?ant tribe)”、“啃老族(NEET group/boomerang child/kid)”、“追星族(fans)”等,有些詞語直接對(duì)應(yīng)于英語的詞匯,有些則屬于創(chuàng)新翻譯,比如ant tribe。有網(wǎng)友用hoard group,hoarding group來翻譯,反而使得語義更加狹窄,因?yàn)樗麄円驯恍睦韺W(xué)用來指“囤積”強(qiáng)迫癥患者。我們暫時(shí)確實(shí)還沒有一個(gè)合適的對(duì)譯詞,但通過“引號(hào)”的使用,hoarder的意思擴(kuò)大到包括漢語“囤囤族”應(yīng)該沒有問題。
“大包裝商品”是一個(gè)商業(yè)詞匯,應(yīng)該翻譯成economic size (products),不少網(wǎng)友翻譯的不夠?qū)I(yè),這也是翻譯中經(jīng)常遇到的一個(gè)問題—術(shù)語的使用問題,嚴(yán)復(fù)曾經(jīng)說過:“一名之立,旬月躑躅?!笨鬃右舱f過:“名不正則言不順?!痹诳萍挤g中,則有專業(yè)人員把關(guān)審定全文的術(shù)語。
“不光是很多老年人的購(gòu)物車?yán)锒加邪滋?、油和大米,省錢意識(shí)同樣感染著年輕人?!边@句需要綜合調(diào)整翻譯,我們看一個(gè)網(wǎng)友的譯文:Not only can sugar, oil and rice be seen in elderly people's cart, the idea of money saving is also being shared among the youths. 這里實(shí)際上牽涉到漢語的“互文見義”的修辭手段,也就是說原句的意思是:“老年人和年輕人一樣受到省錢意識(shí)的感染,同樣在搶購(gòu)日用品”,很多網(wǎng)友的翻譯都是缺乏這樣的一個(gè)綜觀(comprehensive perspective);再就是根據(jù)社會(huì)心理,年輕人本不會(huì)如此節(jié)省,所以筆者使用了young people as well as senior citizens來銜接二者。
本文僅代表作者本人觀點(diǎn),與本網(wǎng)立場(chǎng)無關(guān)。歡迎大家討論學(xué)術(shù)問題,尊重他人,禁止人身攻擊和發(fā)布一切違反國(guó)家現(xiàn)行法律法規(guī)的內(nèi)容。
更多文章
英譯漢 真的譯成漢語了嗎?
翻譯中的增詞與減詞
翻譯中的勘誤與隱喻“取舍”
專家簡(jiǎn)介:
張明權(quán),安徽省固鎮(zhèn)縣人,江蘇大學(xué)外國(guó)語學(xué)院副教授,英語語言文學(xué)碩士,上外博士課程班進(jìn)修。主要從事英語語言學(xué)和翻譯學(xué)研究,在國(guó)內(nèi)外學(xué)術(shù)期刊發(fā)表論文10余篇,出版譯著兩部,發(fā)表其他文章20余篇,有大量翻譯實(shí)踐經(jīng)驗(yàn),翻譯總字?jǐn)?shù)接近200萬。Email: mqzhang@ujs.edu.cn。
(作者:張明權(quán) 中國(guó)日?qǐng)?bào)網(wǎng)英語點(diǎn)津 編輯:Julie)