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?張明權(quán) |
本期點(diǎn)評(píng)專家:張明權(quán)
參考譯文:
Unemployment hit English and computer majors the worst
As revealed by the recent report issued by MyCOS, a third-party research agency, the employment rate of 2009 graduates from China’s model higher vocational colleges reaches 88.1%, surpassing that of 87.4% of graduates from colleges and universities not included in the 211 Project. According to the investigation on college and university graduates of three consecutive years in view of specialty structure, approximately 30% of the unemployed invariably come from English, accountancy and computer majors. A shift in the social demand for these majors is perceived, so it is imperative that the structure of China’s higher education be optimized.
翻譯是一件細(xì)活。雖然21世紀(jì)是翻譯理論大發(fā)展的時(shí)代,但翻譯仍然是一點(diǎn)一點(diǎn)做出來的。我想到了制作陶器,任何理論也代替不了工藝師的親手制作,翻譯同樣包含豐富的“匠工”,它也不是理論能夠代替的。所以這一期點(diǎn)評(píng)我就不談理論了,我們還是具體來看一個(gè)個(gè)活生生的問題吧。 “失業(yè)重災(zāi)區(qū)”是個(gè)比喻,在標(biāo)題中不需要直譯,在網(wǎng)友給出的譯文中也是如此,雖然有些表達(dá)還不夠準(zhǔn)確。“重災(zāi)區(qū)”直譯是disaster-stricken area,其中用到“strike”這個(gè)概念,因此可以考慮用同義詞hit來翻譯上述標(biāo)題:Unemployment hit English and computer majors the worst. “第三方”是個(gè)法律用語,譯成英文是 the third party,問題是它在本文語境中該怎樣表述最合適?“第三方調(diào)查公司麥可思”中“第三方調(diào)查公司”是“麥可思”的同位語,是對(duì)公司性質(zhì)的界定,所以最好翻譯成MyCOS, a third party research agency?!罢{(diào)查公司”如果翻譯成survey company在這里不是很合適,因?yàn)榫蜆I(yè)率的研究依賴的不是民意調(diào)查和測驗(yàn),而是系統(tǒng)的科學(xué)研究。對(duì)于公司名稱的拼寫,一定要根據(jù)公司自己的命名進(jìn)行翻譯,不可憑臆想或簡單的以漢語拼音代替,比如Maikesi, Macos, Michael等都是錯(cuò)誤的。關(guān)于“高職院?!保袊?qǐng)?bào)網(wǎng)站有一個(gè)短文討論過,http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/language_tips/news/2009-09/15/content_8694610.htm,后面有我的一個(gè)跟貼,抄錄如下:我覺得高職院校翻譯成 higher vocational school雖然可以,但并不容易被英美人理解。根據(jù)英國的教育體系,高職院校就是那些non-degree vocational colleges,包括polytechnic以及university of applied sciences;根據(jù)美國的體系,則有postsecondary vocational institutions。經(jīng)查網(wǎng)絡(luò)發(fā)現(xiàn),Wikipedia在介紹Finland的職業(yè)教育時(shí)使用了higher vocational school一詞,也許根據(jù)中國人的心理,最好是叫higher vocational colleges,這樣也許更能滿足各職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)校紛紛升格辦教育的一點(diǎn)小小的虛榮心。這里的“示范性高職院?!鳖愃朴诜康禺a(chǎn)中的“樣板房(model houses)”,所以翻譯成model higher vocational schools (或colleges)就可以了。 “持續(xù)性集中”是與“連續(xù)三年”相呼應(yīng)的,就是指在“被調(diào)查的這幾年里所產(chǎn)生的連續(xù)性和集約性”,語義有所重復(fù),可以在同一句子綜合考慮簡化翻譯,我使用了invariably這個(gè)詞。網(wǎng)友helen-li在這個(gè)地方處理的也較好。 “轉(zhuǎn)向”是指對(duì)特定專業(yè)畢業(yè)生需求上的變化,在這里網(wǎng)友總體上給人的感覺是沒有交代清楚?!帮@示出社會(huì)需求數(shù)量轉(zhuǎn)向”可以翻譯成:a shift in the social demand for these majors is perceived,“數(shù)量”一詞可以不用直接譯出來。 “亟待優(yōu)化”這一句可以用虛擬語態(tài):it is imperative that the structure of China’s higher education be optimized.
參考譯文
Census Commences
On August 16, 100,000 census workers in Beijing started to enumerate people from door to door and prepare for the national census. The work is to be accomplished on September 15. The family and personal information collected by the census organization from the citizens in the 6th national census shall be kept secret, shall not disclosed to any corporate or natural persons, and no administrative punishment shall be enforced in accordance with the information hereupon obtained.
“拉開序幕”就是開始,可以用正規(guī)一點(diǎn)詞,比如commence。當(dāng)我寫下這兩個(gè)詞的時(shí)候,才發(fā)現(xiàn)它們押了頭韻,這樣我就更確定可以這樣翻譯了。網(wǎng)友的翻譯不夠簡潔,比如翻譯成:Population census has started。 “逐門逐戶”就是from door to door,漢語“逐門逐戶”是互文結(jié)構(gòu),在古漢語“門”和“戶”都可以指門。下文的“入戶調(diào)查”可以省略不譯。 “戶口整頓和摸底”比較難翻譯,“整頓”用regulation較好,“摸底”是指“預(yù)普查”,即census preparation。然而實(shí)際翻譯時(shí),考慮到文化差異,感覺對(duì)于這件事還是說的委婉一點(diǎn)的好,中國是世界上少數(shù)實(shí)行戶口制度的國家,整頓戶口往往容易給西方人造成一種侵犯人權(quán)的感覺。Connie1990翻譯的相對(duì)簡單明了:On August 16th, about 10000 census enumerators in Beijing started to undertake census work from door to door. 我在翻譯“公民提供的家庭及個(gè)人信息”時(shí)略有遲疑,最終選擇了family and personal information collected from the citizens,主要是想強(qiáng)調(diào)政府應(yīng)該承擔(dān)的保密責(zé)任。 “據(jù)此”在這里是一個(gè)法律用語,是指根據(jù)普查所獲得的公民的家庭和個(gè)人信息,為了體現(xiàn)法律語言的嚴(yán)肅性,這里可以翻譯成in accordance with the information hereupon obtained。在最后這句英語翻譯中,我使用了三個(gè)shall以強(qiáng)調(diào)人口調(diào)查中所涉及的法律問題的嚴(yán)肅性。
譯題三:七夕送竹簡 情書沉甸甸
參考譯文
Love letter on bamboo slips for Chinese Valentine’s Day
Today (August 16) is Chinese Valentine’s Day, which is called Qixi Festival in China and falls on the 7th day of the 7th lunar month in Chinese calendar each year. In contrast to the fervent Western festival, Chinese Valentine’s Day highlights tender love. A survey shows that gifts of a strong “Chinese flavor” are most popular with young couples. It borders on a “poor taste” to send those traditional gifts on Chinese Valentine’s Day, for they lose sight of Chinese culture. At this festival, there arises among netizens a craze for a “bamboo letter” meant to show “yuan fen”, the predestined link between two lovers. The love letter, written by hand in small regular characters, is a bundle of several bamboo slips that stretches to 4 meters long but rolls up to a diameter of 12 centimeters. The letter typical of traditional Chinese culture is priced between 100 to 200 yuan. And it is more romantic than an electronic love letter and “heavy” enough to bear the love’s labor.
說“七夕”是中國的情人節(jié),足見中國文化在全球化語境中的地位,因此向西方人介紹中國文化,難免要啰嗦一些,所以我在翻譯的開頭適當(dāng)補(bǔ)充了一些信息。原文指出了中西情人節(jié)的差異,一個(gè)“熱情奔放”,一個(gè)“含蓄雋永”,那么在翻譯的時(shí)候就要在形容詞上下功夫,這里不宜直譯,直譯會(huì)顯得很拖沓,也不見得能準(zhǔn)確表達(dá)想要表達(dá)的思想,所以我選擇了fervent與tender兩個(gè)形容詞。 “中國風(fēng)情”是Chinese flavor, typical of Chinese customs and habits的意思。不少網(wǎng)友用的是Chinese style,我覺得不如Chinese flavor形象,后者應(yīng)用了比喻。 “三俗”是新近流行的中國政治詞匯,說七夕送老套的禮物還真有點(diǎn)“三俗”本身是中國社會(huì)語言順從主流意識(shí)形態(tài)的常規(guī)方式,類似于西方社會(huì)所說的“政治正確”,從語言學(xué)的角度看則是對(duì)“時(shí)尚詞”的跟風(fēng)。但在本文語境中,作者對(duì)“三俗”的使用帶有少許戲謔的味道,所以不少網(wǎng)友都把它翻譯成了out of fashion一類的意思。我在翻譯的時(shí)候試圖靠近原文,所以選擇了poor taste這個(gè)表達(dá)方式。 “竹簡”是bamboo slips,“竹簡情書”就是love letter on bamboo slips,也可以簡稱bamboo love letter。 “很有古人遺風(fēng)”無需直譯,我把它翻譯成typical of traditional Chinese culture(帶有中國傳統(tǒng)文化的色彩),這樣英語讀者就比較容易理解為什么要用竹簡寫情書了。這篇文字還有幾個(gè)難點(diǎn),包括“網(wǎng)上凸顯‘緣分’”、“沉甸甸的情書”等,大家可以看參考譯文中我的處理,最后一句有所補(bǔ)充,是否超越了翻譯的界限,歡迎批評(píng)指正。
本文僅代表作者本人觀點(diǎn),與本網(wǎng)立場無關(guān)。歡迎大家討論學(xué)術(shù)問題,尊重他人,禁止人身攻擊和發(fā)布一切違反國家現(xiàn)行法律法規(guī)的內(nèi)容。
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專家簡介:
張明權(quán),安徽省固鎮(zhèn)縣人,江蘇大學(xué)外國語學(xué)院副教授,英語語言文學(xué)碩士,上外博士課程班進(jìn)修。主要從事英語語言學(xué)和翻譯學(xué)研究,在國內(nèi)外學(xué)術(shù)期刊發(fā)表論文10余篇,出版譯著兩部,發(fā)表其他文章20余篇,有大量翻譯實(shí)踐經(jīng)驗(yàn),翻譯總字?jǐn)?shù)接近200萬。Email: mqzhang@ujs.edu.cn。
(作者:張明權(quán) 中國日?qǐng)?bào)網(wǎng)英語點(diǎn)津 編輯:蔡姍姍)