中國(guó)網(wǎng)站品牌欄目（頻道）
在第十一屆全國(guó)人民代表大會(huì)第三次會(huì)議上的政府工作報(bào)告
國(guó)務(wù)院總理 溫家寶
2010年3月5日
REPORT ON THE WORK OF THE GOVERNMENT
--Delivered at the Third Session of the Eleventh National People’s Congress
on March 5, 2010
Wen Jiabao
Premier of the State Council
各位代表，
Fellow Deputies,
現(xiàn)在，我代表國(guó)務(wù)院向大會(huì)作政府工作報(bào)告，請(qǐng)予審議，并請(qǐng)全國(guó)政協(xié)各位委員提出意見(jiàn)。
On behalf of the State Council, I now present to you my report on the work of the government for your deliberation and approval. I also invite the members of the National Committee of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) to provide comments and suggestions.
一、2009年工作回顧
I. Review of Work in 2009
2009年是新世紀(jì)以來(lái)我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展最為困難的一年。去年這個(gè)時(shí)候，國(guó)際金融危機(jī)還在擴(kuò)散蔓延，世界經(jīng)濟(jì)深度衰退，我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)受到嚴(yán)重沖擊，出口大幅下降，不少企業(yè)經(jīng)營(yíng)困難，有的甚至停產(chǎn)倒閉，失業(yè)人員大量增加，農(nóng)民工大批返鄉(xiāng)，經(jīng)濟(jì)增速陡然下滑。在異常困難的情況下，全國(guó)各族人民在中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨的堅(jiān)強(qiáng)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下，堅(jiān)定信心，迎難而上，頑強(qiáng)拼搏，從容應(yīng)對(duì)國(guó)際金融危機(jī)沖擊，在世界率先實(shí)現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟(jì)回升向好，改革開(kāi)放和社會(huì)主義現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)取得新的重大成就。國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值達(dá)到33.5萬(wàn)億元，比上年增長(zhǎng)8.7%；財(cái)政收入6.85萬(wàn)億元，增長(zhǎng)11.7%；糧食產(chǎn)量5.31億噸，再創(chuàng)歷史新高，實(shí)現(xiàn)連續(xù)6年增產(chǎn)；城鎮(zhèn)新增就業(yè)1102萬(wàn)人；城鎮(zhèn)居民人均可支配收入17175元，農(nóng)村居民人均純收入5153元，實(shí)際增長(zhǎng)9.8%和8.5%。我國(guó)在全面建設(shè)小康社會(huì)道路上又邁出堅(jiān)實(shí)的一步。實(shí)踐再次證明，任何艱難險(xiǎn)阻都擋不住中華民族偉大復(fù)興的歷史進(jìn)程。
The year 2009 was the most difficult year for our country’s economic development since the beginning of the new century. This time last year the global financial crisis was still spreading, and the world economy was in a deep recession. Our economy was severely affected; our exports decreased significantly; a large number of enterprises had operating difficulties, and some even suspended production or closed down; the number of unemployed people increased significantly; many migrant workers had to return to their home villages; and the pace of our economic growth suddenly slowed down. In these unusually difficult circumstances, the people of all our ethnic groups fortified their confidence, tackled difficulties head on, worked tenaciously, and responded calmly to the impact of the global financial crisis under the firm leadership of the Communist Party of China (CPC). Our economy was the first in the world to have made a turnaround, and we made major new achievements in reform and opening up as well as socialist modernization. GDP reached 33.5 trillion yuan, an increase of 8.7% over the previous year (here and below). Fiscal revenue was 6.85 trillion yuan, up 11.7%. Grain production was 531 million tons, a new record and an increase for the sixth consecutive year. A total of 11.02 million urban jobs were created. The per capita disposable income of urban residents was 17,175 yuan, and the net per capita income of rural residents was 5,153 yuan, up 9.8% and 8.5% respectively in real terms. We took another steady step along the path of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects. Events again proved that no difficulties or obstacles can impede the course of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.
過(guò)去的一年，極不平凡，令人振奮。我們隆重慶祝新中國(guó)成立60周年。撫今追昔，偉大祖國(guó)的輝煌成就極大地激發(fā)了全國(guó)人民的自信心和自豪感，極大地增強(qiáng)了中華民族的向心力和凝聚力，極大地提升了我國(guó)的國(guó)際地位和影響力，必將激勵(lì)我們?cè)谥袊?guó)特色社會(huì)主義道路上繼續(xù)奮勇前進(jìn)。
The past year was truly extraordinary and inspiring. We held a grand celebration of the 60th anniversary of the founding of New China. The outstanding achievements we made in that time have greatly boosted the confidence and pride of the people, strengthened the cohesiveness of the Chinese nation, and raised China’s international standing and influence. All this definitely encourages us to continue to forge ahead on the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics.
一年來(lái)，我們主要做了以下工作：
Over the last year, we mainly undertook the following work.
（一）加強(qiáng)和改善宏觀調(diào)控，促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)平穩(wěn)較快發(fā)展。我們實(shí)行積極的財(cái)政政策和適度寬松的貨幣政策，全面實(shí)施并不斷完善應(yīng)對(duì)國(guó)際金融危機(jī)的一攬子計(jì)劃。大規(guī)模增加財(cái)政支出和實(shí)行結(jié)構(gòu)性減稅，保持貨幣信貸快速增長(zhǎng)，提高貨幣政策的可持續(xù)性，擴(kuò)大直接融資規(guī)模，滿足經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展的資金需求，有效擴(kuò)大了內(nèi)需，很快扭轉(zhuǎn)了經(jīng)濟(jì)增速下滑趨勢(shì)。
1. Strengthening and improving macro-control and promoting steady and rapid economic development. We carried out a proactive fiscal policy and a moderately easy monetary policy. We comprehensively implemented and constantly improved the package plan for addressing the global financial crisis. We significantly increased government spending, implemented structural tax reductions, rapidly increased supplies of money and credit, made our monetary policy more sustainable, and increased the amount of direct financing. We thus ensured funding for economic and social development, effectively boosted domestic demand, and quickly reversed the slowdown in economic growth.
著力擴(kuò)大居民消費(fèi)。我們鼓勵(lì)消費(fèi)的政策領(lǐng)域之寬、力度之大、受惠面之廣前所未有。中央財(cái)政投入資金 450億元，補(bǔ)貼家電汽車(chē)摩托車(chē)下鄉(xiāng)、汽車(chē)家電以舊換新和農(nóng)機(jī)具購(gòu)置。減半征收小排量汽車(chē)購(gòu)置稅，減免住房交易相關(guān)稅收，支持自住性住房消費(fèi)。全年汽車(chē)銷(xiāo)售1364萬(wàn)輛，增長(zhǎng)46.2%；商品房銷(xiāo)售9.37億平方米，增長(zhǎng)42.1%；社會(huì)消費(fèi)品零售總額實(shí)際增長(zhǎng)16.9%，消費(fèi)對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的拉動(dòng)作用明顯增強(qiáng)。
We vigorously expanded consumer spending. Our policies to encourage consumption covered more areas, were stronger and benefited more people than ever before. The central government provided 45 billion yuan in subsidies for rural residents to purchase home appliances and motor vehicles, including motorbikes. Part of the subsidies also supported trading-in old motor vehicles and home appliances for new ones and purchasing agricultural machinery and tools. We halved the purchase tax on small-displacement automobiles. We reduced or exempted taxes on buying and selling homes to support the purchase of homes to be used as their owners’ residences. Throughout the year 13.64 million motor vehicles were sold, an increase of 46.2%; commodity housing sales amounted to 937 million square meters, up 42.1%; and total retail sales of consumer goods increased 16.9% in real terms: Consumption played a much bigger role in fueling economic growth.
促進(jìn)投資快速增長(zhǎng)。我們發(fā)揮政府投資“四兩撥千斤”的作用，引導(dǎo)帶動(dòng)社會(huì)投資。實(shí)施兩年新增4萬(wàn)億元的投資計(jì)劃。2009年中央政府公共投資 9243億元，比上年預(yù)算增加5038億元，其中，保障性住房、農(nóng)村民生工程、社會(huì)事業(yè)投資占44%，自主創(chuàng)新、結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整、節(jié)能減排和生態(tài)建設(shè)占16%，重大基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)占23%，災(zāi)后恢復(fù)重建占14%。全社會(huì)固定資產(chǎn)投資增長(zhǎng)30.1%，投資結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)一步優(yōu)化。投資快速增長(zhǎng)有效彌補(bǔ)了外需下降的缺口，加強(qiáng)了薄弱環(huán)節(jié)，為經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)發(fā)展奠定了堅(jiān)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)。
We promoted rapid growth in investment. We guided and stimulated non-government investment by means of well-leveraged government investment. We implemented a plan to invest an additional 4 trillion yuan over two years. In 2009, the central government’s public investment was 924.3 billion yuan, 503.8 billion yuan more than in the previous year’s budget. Of this, 44% was invested in. low-income housing, projects to improve the wellbeing of rural residents, and social programs; 16% in independent innovation, restructuring, energy conservation, emissions reductions, and ecological improvement; 23% in major infrastructure projects; and 14% in post-Wenchuan earthquake recovery and reconstruction. Fixed asset investment increased .30.1% nationwide. We further improved the investment structure. Rapid investment growth effectively compensated for the shortfall created by shrinking external demand, strengthened weak links, and laid a solid foundation for long-term economic and social development.
我們加快推進(jìn)汶川地震災(zāi)后恢復(fù)重建，重災(zāi)區(qū)已完成投資6545億元，占規(guī)劃總投資的65.5%。國(guó)家的大力支持，全國(guó)人民的無(wú)私援助，災(zāi)區(qū)群眾的艱苦奮斗，使遭受重大創(chuàng)傷的災(zāi)區(qū)呈現(xiàn)出嶄新面貌。一座座新城拔地而起，一個(gè)個(gè)村莊煥發(fā)出蓬勃生機(jī)。這充分體現(xiàn)了中華民族的無(wú)疆大愛(ài)，有力彰顯了社會(huì)主義制度的無(wú)比優(yōu)越。
We accelerated the post-Wenchuan earthquake recovery and reconstruction work. We have already invested 654.5 billion yuan, 65.5% of the total planned investment, in the worst hit areas. Thanks to the government’s strong support, the selfless assistance of people throughout the country, and the hard work of residents of the earthquake area, the badly damaged areas have taken on a brand-new appearance, with new towns rising straight out of the ground, and villages brimming with vitality. All this fully reflects the boundless love of the Chinese nation and powerfully demonstrates the incomparable superiority of the socialist system.
（二）大力調(diào)整經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)，夯實(shí)長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)發(fā)展基礎(chǔ)。我們把保增長(zhǎng)與調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)緊密結(jié)合起來(lái)，加快解決制約經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的結(jié)構(gòu)性矛盾。
2. Vigorously carrying out economic restructuring, and shoring up the foundation for long-term development. We closely integrated sustaining economic growth with economic restructuring, and moved more quickly to resolve structural problems limiting economic development.
“三農(nóng)”工作進(jìn)一步加強(qiáng)。中央財(cái)政用于“三農(nóng)”的支出7253億元，增長(zhǎng)21.8%。大幅度提高糧食最低收購(gòu)價(jià)。啟動(dòng)實(shí)施全國(guó)新增千億斤糧食生產(chǎn)能力建設(shè)規(guī)劃。繼續(xù)改善農(nóng)村生產(chǎn)生活條件，農(nóng)村飲水安全工程使6069萬(wàn)農(nóng)民受益，新增510萬(wàn)沼氣用戶，新建和改造農(nóng)村公路38萬(wàn)公里、農(nóng)村電網(wǎng)線路 26.6萬(wàn)公里，又有80萬(wàn)戶農(nóng)村危房得到改造，9.2萬(wàn)戶游牧民實(shí)現(xiàn)了定居。我們加大扶貧力度，貧困地區(qū)的生產(chǎn)生活條件得到明顯改善。
We further strengthened the work related to agriculture, rural areas, and farmers. The central government used 725.3 billion yuan to support agriculture, rural areas, and farmers, an increase of 21.8%. We raised the minimum grain purchase prices by a large margin. We began implementation of ’the plan to increase grain production capacity by 50 million tons nationwide. We continued to improve living and working conditions in rural areas. We implemented rural drinking water safety projects that benefited 60.69 million people, increased the number of methane gas users by 5.1. million, built and upgraded 380,000 kilometers of roads and 266,000 kilometers of electric power lines and renovated 800,000 dilapidated houses in the countryside, and helped build permanent housing for 92,000 nomadic families. We also intensified our efforts to fight poverty. As a result, working and living conditions notably improved in poverty-stricken areas.
產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整力度加大。制定并實(shí)施十大重點(diǎn)產(chǎn)業(yè)調(diào)整振興規(guī)劃。鼓勵(lì)企業(yè)加快技術(shù)改造，安排200億元技改專(zhuān)項(xiàng)資金支持4441個(gè)技改項(xiàng)目。重點(diǎn)行業(yè)兼并重組取得新進(jìn)展。下大力氣抑制部分行業(yè)產(chǎn)能過(guò)剩和重復(fù)建設(shè)，關(guān)停小火電機(jī)組2617萬(wàn)千瓦，淘汰落后的煉鋼產(chǎn)能1691萬(wàn)噸、煉鐵產(chǎn)能2113萬(wàn)噸、水泥產(chǎn)能7416萬(wàn)噸、焦炭產(chǎn)能1809萬(wàn)噸。加快實(shí)施國(guó)家科技重大專(zhuān)項(xiàng)，中央財(cái)政用于科技的支出1512億元，增長(zhǎng)30%。積極支持自主創(chuàng)新產(chǎn)品推廣應(yīng)用，清潔能源、第三代移動(dòng)通信等一批新興產(chǎn)業(yè)快速發(fā)展。大力加強(qiáng)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)，新建鐵路投入運(yùn)營(yíng)5557公里，高速公路新建通車(chē)4719公里，城市軌道交通建設(shè)加快，新建、改擴(kuò)建民用機(jī)場(chǎng)35個(gè)；新增發(fā)電裝機(jī)8970萬(wàn)千瓦，西氣東輸二線西段工程實(shí)現(xiàn)供氣，南水北調(diào)工程建設(shè)加快推進(jìn)，6183座病險(xiǎn)水庫(kù)除險(xiǎn)加固工程開(kāi)工建設(shè)。
We intensified industrial restructuring. We formulated and implemented a plan for restructuring and invigorating ten key industries. We encouraged enterprises to accelerate technological upgrading, and provided 20 billion yuan to support 4,441 technological upgrading projects. Further progress was made in mergers and reorganization in key industries. We made great efforts to restrict excess production capacity and redundant development in some industries. We closed down 26.17 million kilowatts of small thermal power stations, and eliminated backward facilities with total production tons in the steelmaking industry, 21.13 million tons in the iron-smelting 74.16 million tons in the cement industry, and 18.09 million tons in the coke industry. We accelerated the implementation of major national science and technology projects，and spent 151.2 billion yuan of central government funds on science and technology, an increase of 30%. We vigorously supported the widespread use of domestically innovated products, and the development of emerging industries such as clean energy and third-generation mobile communications. We vigorously strengthened infrastructure development; put 5,557 kilometers of newly built railway lines into operation; opened 4,719 kilometers of new expressways to traffic, accelerated urban rail development; and built, renovated or expanded 35 civil airports. We increased the installed power-generating capacity by 89.7 million kilowatts, began supplying gas through the western section of the second line of the project for shipping natural gas from west to east, accelerated construction on the South-to-North Water Diversion Project, and began reinforcing 6,183 dangerous reservoirs.
節(jié)能減排和環(huán)境保護(hù)扎實(shí)推進(jìn)。安排預(yù)算內(nèi)資金，支持重點(diǎn)節(jié)能工程、循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)等項(xiàng)目2983個(gè)；實(shí)施節(jié)能產(chǎn)品惠民工程，推廣節(jié)能空調(diào)500多萬(wàn)臺(tái)、高效照明燈具1.5億只。繼續(xù)推進(jìn)林業(yè)重點(diǎn)生態(tài)工程建設(shè)，完成造林8827萬(wàn)畝，森林覆蓋率達(dá)到20.36%。綜合治理水土流失面積4.8萬(wàn)平方公里。加強(qiáng)"三河三湖"等重點(diǎn)流域水污染防治和工業(yè)廢水廢氣廢渣治理。“十一五”前四年累計(jì)單位國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值能耗下降 14.38%，化學(xué)需氧量、二氧化硫排放量分別下降9.66%和13.14%。積極開(kāi)展應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化工作，明確提出2020年我國(guó)控制溫室氣體排放行動(dòng)目標(biāo)和政策措施。氣象預(yù)報(bào)預(yù)警和地震監(jiān)測(cè)工作得到加強(qiáng)，災(zāi)害防御能力不斷提升。
We made solid progress in conserving energy, reducing emissions and protecting the environment. We supported 2,983 key energy conservation and recycling projects through budgetary investment. We implemented a project to promote energy-efficient products for the benefit of the people, putting into use more than 5 million energy-saving air-conditioners and 150 million energy-efficient light bulbs. We continued to develop key ecological projects in the forestry industry, and completed the afforestation of 5.88 million hectares, thereby raising the percentage of land covered by forest to 20.36%. Through combined measures, we brought soil erosion on 48,000 square kilometers of land under control. We strengthened the prevention and treatment of water pollution in the key watersheds of the Huai, Hai, and Liao rivers and Tai, Chao, and Dianchi lakes, and improved the control of wastewater, gases and residues from industry. Over the first four years of the Eleventh Five-Year Plan period, energy consumption per unit of GDP fell 14.38%，and chemical oxygen demand and sulfur dioxide emissions decreased 9.66% and 13.14% respectively. We made vigorous efforts to respond to climate change, and set forth our country’s targets, policies and measures for controlling greenhouse gas emissions by 2020. We improved our weather forecasting and early warning; as well as earthquake monitoring, and constantly improved our disaster prevention and protection capabilities.
區(qū)域協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展邁出新步伐。深入實(shí)施區(qū)域發(fā)展總體戰(zhàn)略，制定若干區(qū)域發(fā)展重大規(guī)劃和政策。中西部和東北地區(qū)加快開(kāi)放開(kāi)發(fā)，積極承接產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)移，發(fā)展基礎(chǔ)不斷夯實(shí)；東部地區(qū)加快結(jié)構(gòu)和自主創(chuàng)新，經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展活力增強(qiáng)。區(qū)域發(fā)展呈現(xiàn)布局改善、結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化、協(xié)調(diào)性提高的良好態(tài)勢(shì)。
We took new steps in balancing development between regions. We thoroughly implemented the overall strategy for regional development; and formulated several major regional development plans and policies. The central and western regions and northeast China accelerated opening up and development, welcomed industries relocated from other parts of the country, and continuously strengthened their foundation for development. The eastern region accelerated restructuring and independent innovation, and the vitality of its economic development increased. A favorable situation emerged in which regional development was better distributed, structured and coordinated.
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