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附件二
亞太經(jīng)合組織推動全球價(jià)值鏈發(fā)展合作戰(zhàn)略藍(lán)圖
Annex B
APEC Strategic Blueprint for Promoting Global Value Chains Development and Cooperation
全球價(jià)值鏈已成為世界經(jīng)濟(jì)的一個(gè)顯著特征。為建立更有效的全球貿(mào)易政策和管理體制，深入理解并切實(shí)支持為跨境產(chǎn)品帶來增加值的“貿(mào)易環(huán)節(jié)”至關(guān)重要。促進(jìn)亞太經(jīng)合組織各經(jīng)濟(jì)體內(nèi)部及彼此之間高效、順暢的全球價(jià)值鏈聯(lián)接，已成為處于不同發(fā)展階段經(jīng)濟(jì)體的關(guān)注重點(diǎn)。
Global Value Chains (GVCs) have become a dominant feature of the global economy. Better understanding and supporting the "trading tasks" involved in adding value to the final products that cross borders has become paramount to realizing a more effective policy and regulatory infrastructure for global trade. Efficient and workable GVCs within and between each of APEC economies has accordingly become a key focus for economies at all levels of development.
鑒于每個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)體在全球貿(mào)易中所處地位和需求的多樣性，我們認(rèn)為非常有必要制定一個(gè)總體政策指南，推動全球價(jià)值鏈發(fā)展和合作進(jìn)程，促進(jìn)亞太地區(qū)可持續(xù)、包容和平衡的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長?；诟鹘?jīng)濟(jì)體的貢獻(xiàn)，這一總體政策指南將有助于推進(jìn)亞太經(jīng)合組織貿(mào)易投資議程，促進(jìn)亞太區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)一體化。
Given the diverse needs and situations of APEC economies participating in global trade networks today, an overall policy direction guiding improved cooperation and a more focused GVC evolution is essential to facilitating sustainable, inclusive and balanced growth in the Asia-Pacific region. Consistent overall policy based on input from each economy is essential for moving APEC's trade and investment agenda forward, and facilitating APEC's push for regional economic integration.
2013年, 亞太經(jīng)合組織領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人同意在之前互聯(lián)互通工作的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步推動亞太地區(qū)全球價(jià)值鏈發(fā)展與合作。這一指示強(qiáng)調(diào)了各經(jīng)濟(jì)體就此開展工作并采取戰(zhàn)略行動為全球價(jià)值鏈發(fā)展與合作創(chuàng)造有利條件的重要性。為直接落實(shí)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人指示，亞太經(jīng)合組織經(jīng)濟(jì)體同意制定《推動全球價(jià)值鏈發(fā)展合作戰(zhàn)略藍(lán)圖》，并達(dá)成以下共識：
In 2013, APEC Leaders agreed to promote GVC development and cooperation in the APEC region on the basis of previous work on connectivity. This agreement highlights the need for APEC economies to work strategically and take action in creating an enabling environment for GVC development and cooperation. In response to Leaders' instruction, APEC economies agree to develop a Strategic Blueprint for promoting global value chains development and cooperation, and agree to:
一、應(yīng)對影響全球價(jià)值鏈發(fā)展的貿(mào)易投資壁壘。減少貿(mào)易投資壁壘將有利于經(jīng)濟(jì)體融入全球生產(chǎn)網(wǎng)絡(luò)，在全球范圍內(nèi)調(diào)集資源，從而降低成本、提高效率和競爭力。亞太經(jīng)合組織將在2015年提出大量有關(guān)全球價(jià)值鏈的倡議，討論全球價(jià)值鏈的重要性、推動全球價(jià)值鏈發(fā)展措施及影響、經(jīng)濟(jì)體和企業(yè)參與全球價(jià)值鏈和地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)合作。這些倡議將涵蓋傳統(tǒng)議題和下一代貿(mào)易投資議題，形成最佳案例，幫助經(jīng)濟(jì)體在相關(guān)領(lǐng)域采用貿(mào)易投資友好型措施，從而實(shí)現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟(jì)目標(biāo)和政策目標(biāo)，降低交易成本，推動全球價(jià)值鏈發(fā)展。
1. Addressing trade and investment issues that impact GVCs. Reducing trade and investment barriers will improve economies' access to global production networks and allow firms to source less expensive inputs globally, which in turn would lower costs, increase efficiency and enhance competitiveness. For 2015, APEC could launch initiatives in the areas of importance to enhancing GVCs, and study the impact of measures on the growth of GVCs, the participation of economies and businesses in GVCs, and our regional economy. These initiatives could address areas of importance ranging from well-known issues to next generation issues. APEC could then explore best practices to help economies adopt more trade and investment friendly approaches in these areas, while achieving their domestic economic or regulatory objectives, lowering trade costs, and enhancing GVCs.
二、啟動亞太經(jīng)合組織全球價(jià)值鏈數(shù)據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)合作。基于“先易后難”和“從技術(shù)統(tǒng)計(jì)到政策指南”的原則，我們將按“分步走”方式匯編本地賬戶和對外貿(mào)易統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)，建立合適的數(shù)據(jù)分類方式以實(shí)現(xiàn)亞太經(jīng)合組織經(jīng)濟(jì)體之間數(shù)據(jù)的有效聯(lián)接，并與經(jīng)合組織、世界貿(mào)易組織的現(xiàn)有貿(mào)易增加值統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)庫實(shí)現(xiàn)對接。我們將成立一個(gè)亞太經(jīng)合組織貿(mào)易增加值統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)中心，進(jìn)行政策研究、信息交換，開發(fā)統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)的方法，開展有針對性的能力建設(shè)項(xiàng)目。
2. Cooperate on improving statistics related to GVCs. In light the principles of "from easy to hard" and "moving from technical proficiencies to policy", we will take a step-by-step approach in compiling domestic account and foreign trade statistics, and developing categories harmonized to realize effective correlation of data among APEC economies that can contribute to the WTO-OECD Trade in Value-Added (TiVA) database. Without duplicating existing work at the WTO and OECD, the CTI will undertake further efforts in 2015 and future years on policy research, information exchange, developing shared approaches on statistics collection, and offering focused capacity building programs. In order to support and facilitate the work on this area, APEC should explore the establishment of an experts group on value added trade to help its member economies undertake trade policy capacity research, exchange information, develop approaches on statistics collection, and conduct focused capacity building efforts.
三、認(rèn)識服務(wù)貿(mào)易在全球價(jià)值鏈中的關(guān)鍵作用。我們應(yīng)繼續(xù)推進(jìn)現(xiàn)有工作，促進(jìn)服務(wù)部門向更開放、高效和具有國際競爭力的方向發(fā)展，使服務(wù)業(yè)最大程度地貢獻(xiàn)于本地區(qū)高效、有活力和可靠的供應(yīng)鏈。我們需要開展有針對性的能力建設(shè)，幫助各經(jīng)濟(jì)體在全球價(jià)值鏈背景下認(rèn)識和發(fā)展服務(wù)業(yè)創(chuàng)新，在經(jīng)濟(jì)體之間共享信息，努力消除與制造業(yè)相關(guān)的服務(wù)壁壘。各個(gè)發(fā)展階段的經(jīng)濟(jì)體都應(yīng)積極合作，為服務(wù)業(yè)發(fā)展創(chuàng)造一個(gè)開放和競爭的環(huán)境。
3. Realize the critical role of trade in service within GVCs. We shall continue ongoing work to promote open, efficient, and internationally-competitive service sectors, and maximize the contribution that services can make to strong, resilient and reliable supply chains in this region. We need to conduct targeted capacity building to help economies better understand and stimulate the development of innovative services within GVCs, build on shared information among economies. We shall work with economies at all stages of development to create an open and competitive environment for services development.
四、使發(fā)展中經(jīng)濟(jì)體更好地參與全球價(jià)值鏈。鑒于各經(jīng)濟(jì)體發(fā)展水平的多樣性，我們認(rèn)為開展全面經(jīng)濟(jì)技術(shù)合作有助于縮小發(fā)展差距，對確保發(fā)展中經(jīng)濟(jì)體深入?yún)⑴c全球價(jià)值鏈至關(guān)重要。我們應(yīng)將經(jīng)濟(jì)技術(shù)合作融入未來發(fā)展之路，針對發(fā)展中經(jīng)濟(jì)體，開展有針對性的能力建設(shè)項(xiàng)目、全球價(jià)值鏈公私合作、人力資源開發(fā)以及技術(shù)傳播等合作。我們將以目標(biāo)為導(dǎo)向，突出重點(diǎn)，根據(jù)亞太經(jīng)合組織核心議程制定并實(shí)施多年期戰(zhàn)略規(guī)劃。
4. Enable developing economies to better participate in GVCs. In light of the diversity of APEC member economies, we recognize that comprehensive economic and technical cooperation will play a key role in ensuring greater participation of developing economies in GVCs, and help them achieve their domestic economic objectives. We shall integrate economic and technical cooperation into the paths identified for future development, and further leverage cooperation activities, including targeted capacity-building programs for helping developing economies enter and move up GVCs, for example through public-private GVC collaboration partnerships, programs on human resources development, and further work in APEC on technology dissemination and commercializing creative content. We will emphasize and adopt a multi-year strategic plan based on the core agenda of APEC and employ goal-oriented, focused approaches.
五、幫助中小企業(yè)從全球價(jià)值鏈中獲益。我們應(yīng)充分考慮中小企業(yè)需求，在基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施、供應(yīng)鏈能力建設(shè)、技術(shù)創(chuàng)新、技術(shù)獲得以及產(chǎn)品標(biāo)準(zhǔn)采用等方面提出更多倡議，根據(jù)中小企業(yè)需求制定有針對性的發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略。逐步提高中小企業(yè)的經(jīng)營能力將改善其參與全球價(jià)值鏈的狀況。為了實(shí)現(xiàn)這一目標(biāo)，亞太經(jīng)合組織需要加強(qiáng)信息與通訊技術(shù)的使用，幫助中小企業(yè)更快捷地獲取貿(mào)易和投資信息；加強(qiáng)知識產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)；提供幫助中小企業(yè)融入價(jià)值鏈的技術(shù)和進(jìn)程相關(guān)信息。同時(shí)，亞太經(jīng)合組織還應(yīng)積極構(gòu)建開放透明的商業(yè)環(huán)境，促進(jìn)中小企業(yè)與跨國公司聯(lián)系合作。
5. Assist SMEs to benefit from GVCs. We shall develop and implement initiatives to assist our SMEs in the areas that matter most to GVCs: infrastructure, supply chain connectivity, innovation, skills, and adoption of international standards. We will take steps to enhance capacity building activities and raise their understanding of how to participate in GVCs. APEC shall achieve this by facilitating SME access to trade and investment related information via increased utilization of information and communication technologies (ICTs), enhancing intellectual property protection, and providing further information on tools and processes that would help them enter and move up GVCs. APEC should also foster linkages between SMEs and MNEs by helping our economies build an open and transparent regulatory and investment climates.
六、改善投資環(huán)境。實(shí)施和維護(hù)促進(jìn)投資的法律、法規(guī)及活動具有重要意義。因此，我們重申繼續(xù)改善亞太地區(qū)投資環(huán)境的重要性，包括根據(jù)亞太經(jīng)合組織現(xiàn)有投資承諾采取具體行動以便利投資，這些承諾包括《亞太經(jīng)合組織非約束性投資原則》、《亞太經(jīng)合組織投資戰(zhàn)略》、《投資便利化行動計(jì)劃》等。同時(shí)，我們將采取具體措施促進(jìn)投資，確保本地區(qū)所有投資申請都得到迅速、公平和公正處理，創(chuàng)建并保持透明、健全的管理程序。
6. Improve the investment climate for GVCs Development. We recognize the importance of adopting and maintaining laws, regulations, and practices that facilitate investment. We reaffirm the importance of continued efforts to improve the investment climate in the APEC region, including through taking concrete steps to facilitate investment as per existing APEC investment documents, such as the APEC Non-Binding Investment Principles, the APEC Investment Strategy and the APEC Investment Facilitation Action Plan (IFAP). APEC will help economies 1) implement sound investment strategies which deal with investment applications expeditiously, fairly, and equitably; and 2) facilitate investment through creating and maintaining transparent and sound administration procedures that apply for the lifetime of the investment.
七、采取有效的貿(mào)易便利化措施。我們重申到2015年實(shí)現(xiàn)亞太地區(qū)供應(yīng)鏈績效提高10%的承諾，削減交易時(shí)間、成本和不確定性。因此，我們將繼續(xù)開展系統(tǒng)能力建設(shè)來打通供應(yīng)鏈聯(lián)通的阻塞點(diǎn)，同時(shí)開展其他具體活動，包括建立亞太經(jīng)合組織供應(yīng)鏈聯(lián)盟，促進(jìn)綠色供應(yīng)鏈合作。我們歡迎通過《亞太經(jīng)合組織海關(guān)監(jiān)管互認(rèn)、執(zhí)法互助、信息互換戰(zhàn)略框架》倡議來促進(jìn)供應(yīng)鏈聯(lián)通。我們還將推進(jìn)示范電子口岸計(jì)劃, 分享信息通信技術(shù)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施發(fā)展和便利化措施的最佳范例。同時(shí)，我們重申將遵守承諾，執(zhí)行世界貿(mào)易組織的《貿(mào)易便利化協(xié)定》并鼓勵(lì)亞太經(jīng)合組織做出更大貢獻(xiàn)。
7. Adopt effective trade facilitation measures. We reaffirm our commitment to achieving an APEC-wide target of a ten percent improvement in supply-chain performance by 2015, in terms of reductions in the time, cost, and uncertainty of moving goods and services throughout the region. Accordingly we will further advance a capacity building program to address the identified supply chain connectivity (SCC) chokepoints and improve the performance of supply chains. To this end, we will carry out additional concrete actions, including the establishment of an APEC Supply Chain Alliance and promoting cooperation on green supply chains. We welcome the framework for advancing supply chain connectivity through mutual recognition of control, mutual assistance of enforcement and mutual sharing of information (SCC-3M) among customs agencies and other government agencies related to trade, and will advance the Model E-port Initiative. We will also share best practices of ICT infrastructure development and efficient trade facilitation measures. We also reaffirm our commitment to implement the WTO Agreement on Trade Facilitation and encourage greater contribution by APEC.
八、增強(qiáng)全球價(jià)值鏈的韌性?？缇澈献?、公私合作以及亞太經(jīng)合組織各經(jīng)濟(jì)體之間的共同努力，對應(yīng)對全球價(jià)值鏈系統(tǒng)性風(fēng)險(xiǎn)帶來的挑戰(zhàn)至關(guān)重要。經(jīng)濟(jì)體應(yīng)當(dāng)通力合作，開展地區(qū)價(jià)值鏈定量研究和分析，提升跨境價(jià)值鏈韌性，建立更加安全可靠的價(jià)值鏈體系?；谶@些研究，亞太經(jīng)合組織可以進(jìn)一步探討在政策協(xié)調(diào)和能力建設(shè)方面開展合作的可能性。
8. Enhance resiliency of GVCs. APEC shall make a collaborative effort to enhance cross-border value chain resilience in the region, establish more secure value chains, and conduct quantitative value chain research and analysis in the region. APEC may also carry out discussions of potential cooperation in the development of practical policy, and capacity building projects based on these analyses.
九、鼓勵(lì)公私合作促進(jìn)全球價(jià)值鏈發(fā)展。亞太經(jīng)合組織應(yīng)繼續(xù)有效利用《亞太經(jīng)合組織公私合作指南》，鼓勵(lì)部門領(lǐng)域的公私合作，在業(yè)已批準(zhǔn)的工作框架下，加強(qiáng)區(qū)域內(nèi)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施投資。亞太經(jīng)合組織還應(yīng)提高各利益相關(guān)方的信任和共識，促進(jìn)各經(jīng)濟(jì)體公私部門之間的互動。
9. Encourage public-private partnerships for GVCs. APEC shall continue to make good use of the Public-Private Partnership Guidebook as a tool to encourage sector level partnerships for investment in regional value chains infrastructure and capacity within a high-quality institutional and regulatory framework. APEC shall also enhance trust and shared understanding between participants to foster interaction between private and public sectors across APEC economies.
十、加強(qiáng)與其他利益相關(guān)方關(guān)于全球價(jià)值鏈的合作。亞太經(jīng)合組織應(yīng)促進(jìn)與國際組織和伙伴機(jī)構(gòu)間的合作, 如世界貿(mào)易組織、聯(lián)合國貿(mào)易和發(fā)展會議、經(jīng)合組織、二十國集團(tuán)、世界銀行、國際貨幣基金組織和亞洲開發(fā)銀行等。通過技術(shù)援助和能力建設(shè)，促進(jìn)亞太經(jīng)合組織與上述組織在全球價(jià)值鏈政策制定方面的協(xié)同作用。此外, 鼓勵(lì)促進(jìn)全球價(jià)值鏈發(fā)展的政府間合作以及非政府組織的活動。
10. Strengthen collaboration with other stakeholders on GVCs. APEC shall promote collaboration with international organizations and partner institutions, such as the WTO, UNCTAD, OECD, G20, the World Bank, IMF and ADB to enhance synergies in policy making with regard to GVCs through technical assistance and capacity-building. Further, inter-governmental cooperation and NGO promotion of activities in GVCs are also encouraged.
開展這一藍(lán)圖中的各項(xiàng)活動，對于加強(qiáng)亞太經(jīng)合組織經(jīng)濟(jì)體在全球網(wǎng)絡(luò)中的經(jīng)濟(jì)紐帶關(guān)系，確保亞太地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)活力，確保經(jīng)濟(jì)包容增長，確保各成員緊密經(jīng)濟(jì)聯(lián)系都具有至關(guān)重要作用。我們相信，亞太人民應(yīng)該從全球價(jià)值鏈發(fā)展中平等獲益，全球價(jià)值鏈?zhǔn)枪步嫦蛭磥淼膩喬锇殛P(guān)系的重要力量。我們有決心證明亞太經(jīng)合組織在促進(jìn)全球價(jià)值鏈發(fā)展合作方面的引領(lǐng)作用，并將在本藍(lán)圖獲得批準(zhǔn)之后立即開展全方位合作。
Conducting activities contained within this strategic blueprint will be essential to strengthening our mutual economic ties in the global network, and to ensuring our regional economy is resilient, our growth is inclusive, and our economies become ever more connected. We believe that our people should secure equitable benefit from GVC development and that this is key to shaping a sound future through our Asia-Pacific partnership. We are determined to demonstrate APEC's leadership in fostering further GVC development and will immediately begin with concerted efforts upon the approval of this Blue print that is being proposed.
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