中國網(wǎng)站品牌欄目（頻道）
五是堅(jiān)持把人民利益放在第一位，著力保障和改善民生。我們把就業(yè)作為保障和改善民生的頭等大事，實(shí)施積極的就業(yè)政策。加強(qiáng)重點(diǎn)人群就業(yè)工作，提高職業(yè)培訓(xùn)和就業(yè)服務(wù)水平，五年累計(jì)投入就業(yè)專項(xiàng)資金1973億元，實(shí)現(xiàn)高校畢業(yè)生就業(yè)2800萬人，城鎮(zhèn)就業(yè)困難人員就業(yè)830萬人，保持了就業(yè)形勢總體穩(wěn)定。全面推進(jìn)社會保障體系建設(shè)，建立新型農(nóng)村社會養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)和城鎮(zhèn)居民社會養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)制度，城鄉(xiāng)居民基本養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)實(shí)現(xiàn)了制度全覆蓋，各項(xiàng)養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)參保達(dá)到7.9億人。企業(yè)退休人員基本養(yǎng)老金從2004年人均每月700元提高到現(xiàn)在的1721元。妥善解決關(guān)閉破產(chǎn)企業(yè)退休人員、困難企業(yè)職工、國有企業(yè)老工傷人員、未參保集體企業(yè)退休人員社會保險(xiǎn)等問題。深化醫(yī)藥衛(wèi)生體制改革，建立新型農(nóng)村合作醫(yī)療制度和城鎮(zhèn)居民基本醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)制度，全民基本醫(yī)保體系初步形成，各項(xiàng)醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)參保超過13億人，加強(qiáng)城鄉(xiāng)基層醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生服務(wù)體系建設(shè)，建立基本藥物制度并在基層醫(yī)療機(jī)構(gòu)實(shí)施，公立醫(yī)院改革試點(diǎn)穩(wěn)步推進(jìn)。國民健康水平進(jìn)一步提高，人均預(yù)期壽命達(dá)到75歲。健全城鄉(xiāng)居民低保、醫(yī)療、教育、法律等救助制度，改革完善孤兒保障、流浪兒童救助保護(hù)、農(nóng)村五保供養(yǎng)制度。頒布實(shí)施新的中國婦女、兒童發(fā)展綱要，依法保障婦女兒童合法權(quán)益。建立健全城鎮(zhèn)保障性住房制度，覆蓋面逐步擴(kuò)大，2012年底已達(dá)到12.5%。社會保障制度建設(shè)取得歷史性的巨大成就。不斷加強(qiáng)和創(chuàng)新社會管理，建立健全應(yīng)急管理體系，發(fā)揮城鄉(xiāng)社區(qū)自治和服務(wù)功能，社會保持和諧穩(wěn)定。
5. Putting the people's interests first and striving to ensure and improve their wellbeing
We made expanding employment the top priority in ensuring and improving people's wellbeing and pursued a proactive employment policy. Over the past five years, we allocated 197.3 billion yuan of employment funds to help targeted groups obtain employment and to improve vocational training and employment services. As a result, 28 million university graduates and 8.3 million urban residents having difficulty finding jobs found employment. All this kept the overall employment situation stable.
We made comprehensive progress in developing the social security system: A new old-age insurance system for rural residents and an old-age insurance system for non-working urban residents were established, and the basic old-age insurance system now covers both urban and rural residents. A total of 790 million people are now covered by different old-age insurance schemes. Basic pensions for enterprise retirees rose from an average of 700 yuan per month in 2004 to 1,721 yuan at present. We extended social security coverage to retirees of closed or bankrupt enterprises, employees of enterprises with operating difficulties, employees of state-owned enterprises who suffered work-related injuries in the past, and uninsured retirees of collectively owned enterprises.
We deepened reform of the medical and health care systems, established a new type of rural cooperative medical care system and a basic medical insurance scheme for non-working urban residents. A basic medical insurance system that covers the whole population is taking shape, and over 1.3 billion people are now covered by different medical insurance schemes. We improved community-level medical and health care services, and established a system for using basic drugs and implemented it in community-level medical institutions. Steady progress was made in the trial reform of public hospitals. People's health further improved, and the average life expectancy reached 75 years.
The systems for aiding needy rural and urban residents with subsistence allowances, medical care, education and legal assistance were improved. We reformed and improved systems for providing social security to orphans, helping and protecting homeless children, and giving childless and infirm rural residents assistance in the form of food, clothing, medical care, housing, and burial expenses.
We promulgated and implemented new programs for the development of Chinese women and children, and protected their legitimate rights and interests in accordance with the law.
We established a sound government-subsidized urban housing system and extended it to cover 12.5% of the country's urban households by the end of 2012.
Historic achievements were made in developing the social security system. We strengthened and made innovations in social management, put in place a sound emergency response system, encouraged urban and rural communities to fully play their self-governance and service roles, and maintained social harmony and stability.
六是深化重要領(lǐng)域改革，增強(qiáng)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會發(fā)展的內(nèi)在活力。我們不失時(shí)機(jī)地推進(jìn)改革，在一些重要領(lǐng)域取得重大進(jìn)展。大力推進(jìn)財(cái)稅體制改革，完善轉(zhuǎn)移支付制度，全面建立縣級基本財(cái)力保障機(jī)制，基層政府提供基本公共服務(wù)的能力有所提高；由公共財(cái)政預(yù)算、政府性基金預(yù)算、國有資本經(jīng)營預(yù)算、社會保險(xiǎn)基金預(yù)算組成的預(yù)算體系框架基本形成，預(yù)算外資金全部納入預(yù)算管理；統(tǒng)一內(nèi)外資企業(yè)稅制，實(shí)現(xiàn)增值稅轉(zhuǎn)型，實(shí)施成品油價(jià)格和稅費(fèi)改革，開展?fàn)I業(yè)稅改征增值稅試點(diǎn)，改革資源稅制度，財(cái)稅體制對加快轉(zhuǎn)變經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展方式的促進(jìn)作用增強(qiáng)。全面深化金融體制改革，國有大型商業(yè)銀行股份制改革順利完成，政策性金融機(jī)構(gòu)改革有序推進(jìn)，農(nóng)村信用社改革成效明顯，銀行業(yè)新監(jiān)管標(biāo)準(zhǔn)實(shí)施，創(chuàng)業(yè)板、股指期貨和融資融券業(yè)務(wù)相繼推出，保險(xiǎn)業(yè)改革開放深入推進(jìn)，人民幣匯率形成機(jī)制不斷完善，利率市場化和資本項(xiàng)目可兌換改革穩(wěn)步推進(jìn)，建立宏觀審慎政策框架，擴(kuò)大人民幣在跨境貿(mào)易和投資中的使用。我國銀行、證券、保險(xiǎn)業(yè)的抗風(fēng)險(xiǎn)能力和國際競爭力顯著提升，為成功應(yīng)對國際金融危機(jī)沖擊奠定了堅(jiān)實(shí)基礎(chǔ)。國有企業(yè)改革不斷深化，素質(zhì)提高，競爭力明顯增強(qiáng)。制定鼓勵(lì)和引導(dǎo)民間投資健康發(fā)展的指導(dǎo)意見和實(shí)施細(xì)則，非公有制經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展環(huán)境不斷改善。建立生態(tài)補(bǔ)償制度，開展排污權(quán)和碳排放權(quán)交易試點(diǎn)。事業(yè)單位分類改革積極推進(jìn)。
6. Deepening reform in key areas and enhancing the vitality of economic and social development
We lost no opportunity to carry out reform and achieved great progress in a number of key areas.
We vigorously reformed the fiscal and taxation systems, improved the system of transfer payments and established a mechanism for ensuring basic funding for county-level governments across the country. County- and township-level governments became more capable of providing basic public services. We put in place the basic framework of a system of budgets for public finances, government-managed funds, state capital operations and social security funds, and all extrabudgetary funds were placed under budgetary management. We unified the corporate tax systems for domestic and overseas-funded enterprises, implemented VAT reform, reformed pricing of refined oil products and related taxes and fees, carried out pilot projects to replace business tax with VAT, and reformed the resource tax system. This strengthened the role of the fiscal and taxation systems in accelerating the change of the growth model.
We comprehensively deepened reform of the financial system. Specifically, we smoothly completed the transformation of large state-owned commercial banks into joint-stock companies and carried out reform of policy-based financial institutions in an orderly way. We made notable achievements in reforming rural credit cooperatives, implemented new oversight and supervision standards in the banking industry, launched the ChiNext stock market, and introduced stock index futures and securities margin trading. We deepened reform of the insurance industry and opened it wider. We improved the mechanism for setting the RMB exchange rate, made steady progress in making interest rates more market-based and promoting the RMB's convertibility under capital accounts, established a macroprudential policy framework, and expanded the use of the RMB in cross-border trade and investment. China's banking, securities and insurance industries became significantly more resilient to risks and internationally competitive, and they underpinned our successful response to the global financial crisis.
Reform of state-owned enterprises deepened, their performance improved and their competitiveness was significantly enhanced. We formulated the Guidelines on Encouraging and Guiding the Sound Development of Nongovernmental Investment and rules for their implementation, and the environment for the development of the non-public sector of the economy improved. We adopted a system for compensating for ecological damage and carried out trials for trading pollution discharge and carbon emission rights. We carried out function-based reform of public institutions.
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