2. 取消農(nóng)業(yè)戶口
cancel rural hukou

請(qǐng)看例句：

Beijing will no longer distinguish between urban and rural residents, but establish a unified household registration system, according to a guideline released by the city government on Monday. One of the most important issues of public concern is whether the cancellation of rural hukou means rural residents have to give up their rights to homestead and farms.
根據(jù)北京市政府19日發(fā)布的一項(xiàng)意見，北京市將不再區(qū)分城鎮(zhèn)居民和農(nóng)村居民，而將建立統(tǒng)一的戶口登記制度。公眾關(guān)心的最重要問題之一是，取消農(nóng)業(yè)戶口是否意味著農(nóng)村居民不得不放棄宅基地和土地的權(quán)益。

《北京市人民政府關(guān)于進(jìn)一步推進(jìn)戶籍制度改革(further reform of the household registration system)的實(shí)施意見》近日公布。根據(jù)意見，北京市將取消自上世紀(jì)50年代開始實(shí)施的區(qū)分城市居民和農(nóng)村居民的二元戶籍制度(put an end to the dual-household registration system, which has categorized people into urban or rural residents since the 1950s)，統(tǒng)一登記為居民戶口，所有北京居民將享受同等的教育、醫(yī)療、就業(yè)、社保和住房等社會(huì)福利(social welfare including education, health, employment, social security and housing will be equal for all Beijing residents)。目前，我國大陸31個(gè)省份均已出臺(tái)戶籍制度改革意見。改革意見中，各地普遍取消農(nóng)業(yè)與非農(nóng)業(yè)戶口性質(zhì)區(qū)分，部分地區(qū)放寬落戶條件(relax restrictions on settlement)。

我國自1958年開始劃分農(nóng)業(yè)戶口和非農(nóng)業(yè)戶口，由此帶來社會(huì)權(quán)益和保障(social rights and social insurance)的不同。據(jù)北京大學(xué)社會(huì)學(xué)系教授陸杰華介紹，農(nóng)業(yè)戶口的權(quán)益主要是責(zé)任田(responsibility farmland)和宅基地(homestead)，而非農(nóng)業(yè)戶口的權(quán)益主要體現(xiàn)在教育、醫(yī)療、就業(yè)、保險(xiǎn)、住房等方面。取消農(nóng)業(yè)戶口是否會(huì)影響到農(nóng)民的既有權(quán)益(accrued/existing rights)？農(nóng)村問題研究專家、哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)管理學(xué)院副教授林亦府指出，此次戶籍制度改革不是"農(nóng)改非"，而是全面取消農(nóng)民的農(nóng)業(yè)戶口身份，不會(huì)影響附著在農(nóng)村居民背后的集體土地(collectively owned land)承包權(quán)(contract rights)、農(nóng)村宅基地使用權(quán)(the right to use rural homestead)、農(nóng)村集體經(jīng)濟(jì)(rural collective economy)分配權(quán)(distribution rights)。

專家稱，統(tǒng)一身份僅僅是個(gè)標(biāo)志，戶籍改革能否取得成效的關(guān)鍵在于各項(xiàng)配套政策(supporting policies)的跟進(jìn)與落實(shí)，消除依附在戶口性質(zhì)上的醫(yī)療、就業(yè)、住房保障等方面的差別待遇(differentiated treatment)，逐步實(shí)現(xiàn)基本公共服務(wù)對(duì)農(nóng)村的全覆蓋(full coverage of basic public services in rural areas)。隨著各地落戶門檻的降低，城鄉(xiāng)居民社會(huì)保障的并軌(social insurance system unification)，未來全國居民有望享受平等的身份和待遇。

[相關(guān)詞匯]

戶口遷移政策 household registration transfer policy

積分落戶制度 points system for/merit-based household registration system

農(nóng)村土地流轉(zhuǎn) rural land transfer

常住人口 permanent population

流動(dòng)人口 mobile population

城市/城鎮(zhèn)化 urbanization

農(nóng)民工 migrant worker

社會(huì)差距 social disparity