中國(guó)網(wǎng)站品牌欄目（頻道）
中華人民共和國(guó)國(guó)務(wù)院新聞辦公室
目 錄
前 言
一、新形勢(shì)、新挑戰(zhàn)、新使命
二、武裝力量建設(shè)與發(fā)展
三、捍衛(wèi)國(guó)家主權(quán)、安全、領(lǐng)土完整
四、保障國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展
五、維護(hù)世界和平和地區(qū)穩(wěn)定
結(jié)束語(yǔ)
附 錄
Editor's note: The following is the full text of a white paper on China's armed forces published by the Information Office of the State Council, China's cabinet, on Tuesday and released by Xinhua News Agency.
前 言
當(dāng)今時(shí)代，和平與發(fā)展面臨新的機(jī)遇和挑戰(zhàn)。緊緊把握機(jī)遇，共同應(yīng)對(duì)挑戰(zhàn)，合作維護(hù)安全，攜手實(shí)現(xiàn)發(fā)展，是時(shí)代賦予各國(guó)人民的歷史使命。
走和平發(fā)展道路，是中國(guó)堅(jiān)定不移的國(guó)家意志和戰(zhàn)略抉擇。中國(guó)始終不渝奉行獨(dú)立自主的和平外交政策和防御性國(guó)防政策，反對(duì)各種形式的霸權(quán)主義和強(qiáng)權(quán)政治，不干涉別國(guó)內(nèi)政，永遠(yuǎn)不爭(zhēng)霸，永遠(yuǎn)不稱霸，永遠(yuǎn)不搞軍事擴(kuò)張。中國(guó)倡導(dǎo)互信、互利、平等、協(xié)作的新安全觀，尋求實(shí)現(xiàn)綜合安全、共同安全、合作安全。
建設(shè)與中國(guó)國(guó)際地位相稱、與國(guó)家安全和發(fā)展利益相適應(yīng)的鞏固國(guó)防和強(qiáng)大軍隊(duì)，是中國(guó)現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)的戰(zhàn)略任務(wù)，也是中國(guó)實(shí)現(xiàn)和平發(fā)展的堅(jiān)強(qiáng)保障。中國(guó)武裝力量適應(yīng)國(guó)家發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略和安全戰(zhàn)略的新要求，堅(jiān)持科學(xué)發(fā)展觀的指導(dǎo)思想地位，加快轉(zhuǎn)變戰(zhàn)斗力生成模式，構(gòu)建中國(guó)特色現(xiàn)代軍事力量體系，與時(shí)俱進(jìn)加強(qiáng)軍事戰(zhàn)略指導(dǎo)，拓展武裝力量運(yùn)用方式，為國(guó)家發(fā)展提供安全保障和戰(zhàn)略支撐，為維護(hù)世界和平和地區(qū)穩(wěn)定作出應(yīng)有貢獻(xiàn)。
Preface
In today's world, peace and development are facing new opportunities and challenges. It is a historic mission entrusted by the era to people of all nations to firmly grasp the opportunities, jointly meet the challenges, cooperatively maintain security and collectively achieve development.
It is China's unshakable national commitment and strategic choice to take the road of peaceful development. China unswervingly pursues an independent foreign policy of peace and a national defense policy that is defensive in nature. China opposes any form of hegemonism or power politics, and does not interfere in the internal affairs of other countries. China will never seek hegemony or behave in a hegemonic manner, nor will it engage in military expansion. China advocates a new security concept featuring mutual trust, mutual benefit, equality and coordination, and pursues comprehensive security, common security and cooperative security.
It is a strategic task of China's modernization drive as well as a strong guarantee for China's peaceful development to build a strong national defense and powerful armed forces which are commensurate with China's international standing and meet the needs of its security and development interests. China's armed forces act to meet the new requirements of China's national development and security strategies, follow the theoretical guidance of the Scientific Outlook on Development, speed up the transformation of the generating mode of combat effectiveness, build a system of modern military forces with Chinese characteristics, enhance military strategic guidance and diversify the ways of employing armed forces as the times require. China's armed forces provide security guarantee and strategic support for national development, and make due contributions to the maintenance of world peace and regional stability.
一、新形勢(shì)、新挑戰(zhàn)、新使命
I. New Situation, New Challenges and New Missions
新世紀(jì)以來(lái)，世界發(fā)生深刻復(fù)雜變化，和平與發(fā)展仍然是時(shí)代主題。經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化、世界多極化深入發(fā)展，文化多樣化、社會(huì)信息化持續(xù)推進(jìn)，國(guó)際力量對(duì)比朝著有利于維護(hù)世界和平方向發(fā)展，國(guó)際形勢(shì)保持總體和平穩(wěn)定的基本態(tài)勢(shì)。與此同時(shí)，世界仍然很不安寧，霸權(quán)主義、強(qiáng)權(quán)政治和新干涉主義有所上升，局部動(dòng)蕩頻繁發(fā)生，熱點(diǎn)問(wèn)題此起彼伏，傳統(tǒng)與非傳統(tǒng)安全挑戰(zhàn)交織互動(dòng)，國(guó)際軍事領(lǐng)域競(jìng)爭(zhēng)更趨激烈，國(guó)際安全問(wèn)題的突發(fā)性、關(guān)聯(lián)性、綜合性明顯上升。亞太地區(qū)日益成為世界經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展和大國(guó)戰(zhàn)略博弈的重要舞臺(tái)，美國(guó)調(diào)整亞太安全戰(zhàn)略，地區(qū)格局深刻調(diào)整。
Since the beginning of the new century, profound and complex changes have taken place in the world, but peace and development remain the underlying trends of our times. The global trends toward economic globalization and multi-polarity are intensifying, cultural diversity is increasing, and an information society is fast emerging. The balance of international forces is shifting in favor of maintaining world peace, and on the whole the international situation remains peaceful and stable. Meanwhile, however, the world is still far from being tranquil. There are signs of increasing hegemonism, power politics and neo-interventionism. Local turmoils occur frequently. Hot-spot issues keep cropping up. Traditional and non-traditional security challenges interweave and interact. Competition is intensifying in the international military field. International security issues are growing noticeably more abrupt, interrelated and comprehensive. The Asia-Pacific region has become an increasingly significant stage for world economic development and strategic interaction between major powers. The US is adjusting its Asia-Pacific security strategy, and the regional landscape is undergoing profound changes.
中國(guó)緊緊抓住和用好發(fā)展的重要戰(zhàn)略機(jī)遇期，現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)成就舉世矚目，綜合國(guó)力大幅躍升，人民生活顯著改善，社會(huì)大局保持穩(wěn)定，兩岸關(guān)系繼續(xù)呈現(xiàn)和平發(fā)展勢(shì)頭，國(guó)際競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力和影響力不斷提高。但是，中國(guó)仍面臨多元復(fù)雜的安全威脅和挑戰(zhàn)，生存安全問(wèn)題和發(fā)展安全問(wèn)題、傳統(tǒng)安全威脅和非傳統(tǒng)安全威脅相互交織，維護(hù)國(guó)家統(tǒng)一、維護(hù)領(lǐng)土完整、維護(hù)發(fā)展利益的任務(wù)艱巨繁重。有的國(guó)家深化亞太軍事同盟，擴(kuò)大軍事存在，頻繁制造地區(qū)緊張局勢(shì)。個(gè)別鄰國(guó)在涉及中國(guó)領(lǐng)土主權(quán)和海洋權(quán)益上采取使問(wèn)題復(fù)雜化、擴(kuò)大化的舉動(dòng)，日本在釣魚(yú)島問(wèn)題上制造事端?？植乐髁x、分裂主義、極端主義“三股勢(shì)力”威脅上升?！芭_(tái)獨(dú)”分裂勢(shì)力及其分裂活動(dòng)仍然是兩岸關(guān)系和平發(fā)展的最大威脅。重大自然災(zāi)害、安全事故和公共衛(wèi)生事件頻發(fā)，影響社會(huì)和諧穩(wěn)定的因素增加，國(guó)家海外利益安全風(fēng)險(xiǎn)上升。機(jī)械化戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)形態(tài)向信息化戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)形態(tài)加速演變，主要國(guó)家大力發(fā)展軍事高新技術(shù)，搶占太空、網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間等國(guó)際競(jìng)爭(zhēng)戰(zhàn)略制高點(diǎn)。
China has seized and made the most of this important period of strategic opportunities for its development, and its modernization achievements have captured world attention. China's overall national strength has grown dramatically and the Chinese people's lives have been remarkably improved. China enjoys general social stability and cross-Straits relations are sustaining a momentum of peaceful development. China's international competitiveness and influence are steadily increasing. However, China still faces multiple and complicated security threats and challenges. The issues of subsistence and development security and the traditional and non-traditional threats to security are interwoven. Therefore, China has an arduous task to safeguard its national unification, territorial integrity and development interests.
Some country has strengthened its Asia-Pacific military alliances, expanded its military presence in the region, and frequently makes the situation there tenser. On the issues concerning China's territorial sovereignty and maritime rights and interests, some neighboring countries are taking actions that complicate or exacerbate the situation, and Japan is making trouble over the issue of the Diaoyu Islands. The threats posed by "three forces," namely, terrorism, separatism and extremism, are on the rise. The "Taiwan independence" separatist forces and their activities are still the biggest threat to the peaceful development of cross-Straits relations. Serious natural disasters, security accidents and public health incidents keep occurring. Factors affecting social harmony and stability are growing in number, and the security risks to China's overseas interests are on the increase. Changes in the form of war from mechanization to informationization are accelerating. Major powers are vigorously developing new and more sophisticated military technologies so as to ensure that they can maintain strategic superiorities in international competition in such areas as outer space and cyber space.
面對(duì)復(fù)雜多變的安全環(huán)境，人民解放軍堅(jiān)決履行新世紀(jì)新階段歷史使命，拓展國(guó)家安全戰(zhàn)略和軍事戰(zhàn)略視野，立足打贏信息化條件下局部戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)，積極運(yùn)籌和平時(shí)期武裝力量運(yùn)用，有效應(yīng)對(duì)多種安全威脅，完成多樣化軍事任務(wù)。
Facing a complex and volatile security situation, the People's Liberation Army (PLA) resolutely carries out its historical missions for the new stage in the new century. China's armed forces broaden their visions of national security strategy and military strategy, aim at winning local wars under the conditions of informationization, make active planning for the use of armed forces in peacetime, deal effectively with various security threats and accomplish diversified military tasks.
中國(guó)武裝力量的多樣化運(yùn)用，堅(jiān)持以下基本政策和原則：
The diversified employment of China's armed forces adheres to fundamental policies and principles as follows:
——維護(hù)國(guó)家主權(quán)、安全、領(lǐng)土完整，保障國(guó)家和平發(fā)展。這是中國(guó)加強(qiáng)國(guó)防建設(shè)的目的，也是憲法和法律賦予中國(guó)武裝力量的神圣職責(zé)。堅(jiān)定不移實(shí)行積極防御軍事戰(zhàn)略，防備和抵抗侵略，遏制分裂勢(shì)力，保衛(wèi)邊防、海防、空防安全，維護(hù)國(guó)家海洋權(quán)益和在太空、網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間的安全利益。堅(jiān)持“人不犯我，我不犯人，人若犯我，我必犯人”，堅(jiān)決采取一切必要措施維護(hù)國(guó)家主權(quán)和領(lǐng)土完整。
Safeguarding national sovereignty, security and territorial integrity, and supporting the country's peaceful development. This is the goal of China's efforts in strengthening its national defense and the sacred mission of its armed forces, as stipulated in the Constitution of the People's Republic of China and other relevant laws. China's armed forces unswervingly implement the military strategy of active defense, guard against and resist aggression, contain separatist forces, safeguard border, coastal and territorial air security, and protect national maritime rights and interests and national security interests in outer space and cyberspace. "We will not attack unless we are attacked; but we will surely counterattack if attacked." Following this principle, China will resolutely take all necessary measures to safeguard its national sovereignty and territorial integrity.
——立足打贏信息化條件下局部戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)，拓展和深化軍事斗爭(zhēng)準(zhǔn)備。堅(jiān)定不移把軍事斗爭(zhēng)準(zhǔn)備基點(diǎn)放在打贏信息化條件下局部戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)上，統(tǒng)籌推進(jìn)各戰(zhàn)略方向軍事斗爭(zhēng)準(zhǔn)備，加強(qiáng)軍兵種力量聯(lián)合運(yùn)用，提高基于信息系統(tǒng)的體系作戰(zhàn)能力。創(chuàng)新發(fā)展人民戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)戰(zhàn)略戰(zhàn)術(shù)，推進(jìn)軍民融合式發(fā)展，提高國(guó)防動(dòng)員和后備力量建設(shè)質(zhì)量。全面提高日常戰(zhàn)備水平，加強(qiáng)針對(duì)性戰(zhàn)備演習(xí)演練，周密組織邊?？辗缿?zhàn)備巡邏和執(zhí)勤，妥善應(yīng)對(duì)各種危機(jī)和重大突發(fā)事件。
Aiming to win local wars under the conditions of informationization and expanding and intensifying military preparedness. China's armed forces firmly base their military preparedness on winning local wars under the conditions of informationization, make overall and coordinated plans to promote military preparedness in all strategic directions, intensify the joint employment of different services and arms, and enhance warfighting capabilities based on information systems. They constantly bring forward new ideas for the strategies and tactics of people's war, advance integrated civilian-military development, and enhance the quality of national defense mobilization and reserve force building. They raise in an all-round way the level of routine combat readiness, intensify scenario-oriented exercises and drills, conduct well-organized border, coastal and territorial air patrols and duties for combat readiness, and handle appropriately various crises and major emergencies.
——樹(shù)立綜合安全觀念，有效遂行非戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)軍事行動(dòng)任務(wù)。適應(yīng)安全威脅新變化，重視和平時(shí)期武裝力量運(yùn)用。積極參加和支援國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)建設(shè)，堅(jiān)決完成搶險(xiǎn)救災(zāi)等急難險(xiǎn)重任務(wù)。依照法律規(guī)定履行維護(hù)國(guó)家安全和穩(wěn)定職能，堅(jiān)決打擊敵對(duì)勢(shì)力顛覆破壞活動(dòng)，打擊各種暴力恐怖活動(dòng)，遂行安保警戒任務(wù)。加強(qiáng)應(yīng)急救援、海上護(hù)航、撤離海外公民等海外行動(dòng)能力建設(shè)，為維護(hù)國(guó)家海外利益提供可靠的安全保障。
Formulating the concept of comprehensive security and effectively conducting military operations other than war (MOOTW). China's armed forces adapt themselves to the new changes of security threats, and emphasize the employment of armed forces in peacetime. They actively participate in and assist China's economic and social development, and resolutely accomplish urgent, difficult, hazardous, and arduous tasks involving emergency rescue and disaster relief. As stipulated by law, they perform their duties of maintaining national security and stability, steadfastly subduing subversive and sabotage attempts by hostile forces, cracking down on violent and terrorist activities, and accomplishing security-provision and guarding tasks. In addition, they strengthen overseas operational capabilities such as emergency response and rescue, merchant vessel protection at sea and evacuation of Chinese nationals, and provide reliable security support for China's interests overseas.
——深化安全合作，履行國(guó)際義務(wù)。中國(guó)武裝力量是國(guó)際安全合作的倡導(dǎo)者、推動(dòng)者和參與者。堅(jiān)持和平共處五項(xiàng)原則，全方位開(kāi)展對(duì)外軍事交往，發(fā)展不結(jié)盟、不對(duì)抗、不針對(duì)第三方的軍事合作關(guān)系，推動(dòng)建立公平有效的集體安全機(jī)制和軍事互信機(jī)制。堅(jiān)持開(kāi)放、務(wù)實(shí)、合作的理念，深化同各國(guó)軍隊(duì)的交流與合作，加強(qiáng)邊境地區(qū)建立信任措施合作，推進(jìn)海上安全對(duì)話與合作，參加聯(lián)合國(guó)維和行動(dòng)、國(guó)際反恐合作、國(guó)際護(hù)航和救災(zāi)行動(dòng)，舉行中外聯(lián)演聯(lián)訓(xùn)。認(rèn)真履行應(yīng)盡的國(guó)際責(zé)任和義務(wù)，為維護(hù)世界和平、安全、穩(wěn)定發(fā)揮積極作用。
Deepening security cooperation and fulfilling international obligations. China's armed forces are the initiator and facilitator of and participant in international security cooperation. They uphold the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence, conduct all-round military exchanges with other countries, and develop cooperative military relations that are non-aligned, non-confrontational and not directed against any third party. They promote the establishment of just and effective collective security mechanisms and military confidence-building mechanisms. Bearing in mind the concept of openness, pragmatism and cooperation, China's armed forces increase their interactions and cooperation with other armed forces, and intensify cooperation on confidence-building measures (CBMs) in border areas. China's armed forces work to promote dialogue and cooperation on maritime security; participate in UN peacekeeping missions, international counter-terrorism cooperation, international merchant shipping protection and disaster relief operations; conduct joint exercises and training with foreign counterparts; conscientiously assume their due international responsibilities; and play an active role in maintaining world peace, security and stability.
——嚴(yán)格依法行動(dòng)，嚴(yán)守政策紀(jì)律。中國(guó)武裝力量遵守憲法和法律，遵守《聯(lián)合國(guó)憲章》的宗旨和原則，堅(jiān)持依法用兵、依法行動(dòng)。嚴(yán)格執(zhí)行法律法規(guī)和政策規(guī)定，嚴(yán)守群眾紀(jì)律，依法完成搶險(xiǎn)救災(zāi)、維穩(wěn)處突和安保警戒等任務(wù)。以《聯(lián)合國(guó)憲章》和公認(rèn)的國(guó)際關(guān)系準(zhǔn)則為依據(jù)，堅(jiān)持在雙邊多邊條約的法律構(gòu)架內(nèi)行動(dòng)，確保涉外軍事行動(dòng)的合法性。制定和完善法律法規(guī)和政策制度，嚴(yán)格按照條令條例管理部隊(duì)，為武裝力量多樣化運(yùn)用提供法律保障。
Acting in accordance with laws, policies and disciplines. China's armed forces observe the country's Constitution and other relevant laws, comply with the purposes and principles of the UN Charter, and maintain their commitment to employing troops and taking actions according to law. They strictly abide by laws, regulations and policies, as well as discipline regarding civil-military relations. According to law, they accomplish such tasks as emergency rescue, disaster relief, stability maintenance, contingency response and security provision. On the basis of the UN Charter and other universally recognized norms of international relations, they consistently operate within the legal framework formed by bilateral or multi-lateral treaties and agreements, so as to ensure the legitimacy of their operations involving foreign countries or militaries. The diversified employment of China's armed forces is legally guaranteed by formulating and revising relevant laws, regulations and policies, and the armed forces are administered strictly by rules and regulations.
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