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發(fā)展就是develop？
[ 2007-03-30 15:01 ]
我們平?？吹秸轿募型粚?shí)詞的使用率很高，特別是"發(fā)展"、"現(xiàn)象"、"問題"、"關(guān)系"這一類意義較抽象的詞。而在英語中，重復(fù)用詞是不太受歡迎的。
The King's English中有: "…the words repeated would ordinarily be either varied or left out; the repetition…is more or less abnormal, whatever is abnormal may be objectionable in a single instance, and is likely to become so if it occurs frequently."
單其昌先生也說：英譯文中不要總用同一個(gè)詞匯或短語，如果用得太多，會(huì)使讀者感到厭煩，因此用詞要多樣化。
下次請看一篇漢譯英的例子：
我國同廣大發(fā)展中國家的友好關(guān)系繼續(xù)加強(qiáng)，與周邊國家的睦鄰友好合作關(guān)系全面發(fā)展。去年，我國同俄羅斯和中亞四國共同宣布建立"上海合作組織"；在第五次中國-東盟領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人會(huì)議上，我國與東盟一致同意今后10年內(nèi)逐步建立中國-東盟自由貿(mào)易區(qū)。我國同朝鮮、韓國和南亞各國的關(guān)系穩(wěn)步發(fā)展。我國同非洲、拉美國家友好合作取得新的發(fā)展，與阿拉伯各國和其他伊斯蘭國家的友好關(guān)系進(jìn)一步發(fā)展。
一段話中"發(fā)展"（作動(dòng)詞和名詞時(shí)）、"關(guān)系"各出現(xiàn)了四次。如果不重視詞語變換使用技巧來翻譯，譯文的效果肯定不理想。然而如果稍動(dòng)腦筋，靈活地變換用詞，文章定會(huì)增色不少，下文就是一篇比較成功的例子：
China and other developing countries have strengthened their friendlyrelations. The good-neighborlyfriendship and cooperationbetween China and its surrounding countries have enjoyed all-rounddevelopment/havedevelopedin a comprehensive way/havemultiplied. Last year, China, Russia and four Central Asia countries jointly announced the establishment of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization. At the Fifth China ASEAN Summit, the two sides agreed to gradually establish a China-ASEAN free trade zone in the next ten years. Theconnectionsbetween China and DPRK, ROK and South Asian countries havedevelopedsteadily /have beenmaturing. China's friendship and cooperation with African and Latin American countries have made new development/fresh progress, and China's friendlyrelationswith Arab and other Islamic countries have beenfurther improved/haveimproved/have alsowarmed.
有時(shí)中文中的重復(fù)正是為了強(qiáng)調(diào)，然而這種強(qiáng)調(diào)照搬到英文中未必就有相同的效果。下一組譯文就證明了英文里變換有時(shí)比重復(fù)更有說服力：
世界要和平，人民要合作，國家要發(fā)展，社會(huì)要進(jìn)步，是時(shí)代的潮流。
The world needs peace. The people want cooperation. Nations aspire for development. Society seeks progress. This is the trend of our times.
一個(gè)"要"的多種譯法就能讓譯文更為生動(dòng)，避免讓讀者產(chǎn)生厭煩和排斥。漢譯英時(shí)要非常注意，記住King's English中所言，如果一個(gè)重復(fù)使用的詞不能vary，就只好被left out.
（北京交通大學(xué)通訊員黃鶯鶯 英語點(diǎn)津姍姍編輯）
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