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默克爾電話被美國(guó)監(jiān)聽可能已超過10年
NSA surveillance: Merkel's phone may have been monitored 'for over 10 years'

[ 2013-12-04 09:37] 來源:中國(guó)日?qǐng)?bào)網(wǎng)     字號(hào) [] [] []  
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默克爾電話被美國(guó)監(jiān)聽可能已超過10年

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New claims emerged last night over the extent that US intelligence agencies have been monitoring the mobile phone of Angela Merkel. The allegations were made after German secret service officials were already preparing to travel to Washington to seek explanations into the alleged surveillance of its chancellor.

A report in Der Spiegelsaid Merkel's mobile number had been listed by the NSA's Special Collection Service (SCS) since 2002 and may have been monitored for more than 10 years. It was still on the list – marked as "GE Chancellor Merkel" – weeks before President Barack Obama visited Berlin in June.

In an SCS document cited by the magazine, the agency said it had a "not legally registered spying branch" in the US embassy in Berlin, the exposure of which would lead to "grave damage for the relations of the United States to another government".

From there, NSA and CIA staff were tapping communication in Berlin's government district with high-tech surveillance. Quoting a secret document from 2010, Der Spiegel said such branches existed in about 80 locations around the world, including Paris, Madrid, Rome, Prague, Geneva and Frankfurt. Merkel's spokesman and the White House declined to comment on the report.

The nature of the monitoring of Merkel's mobile phone is not clear from the files,Der Spiegelsaid. It might be that the chancellor's conversations were recorded, or that her contacts were simply assessed.

Ahead of the latest claims , the German government's deputy spokesman, Georg Streiter, said a high-level delegation was heading to the White House and National Security Agency to "push forward" investigations into earlier surveillance allegations.

Meanwhile several thousand people marched to the US Capitol in Washington yesterday to protest against the NSA's spying programme and to demand a limit to the surveillance. Some of them held banners in support of Edward Snowden, the former CIA contractor who revealed the extent of the NSA's activities.

The march attracted protesters from both ends of the political spectrum as liberal privacy advocates walked alongside members of the conservative Tea Party movement.

The delegation will include senior officials from the German secret service, according to German media reports.

Germany and Brazil are spearheading efforts at the UN to protect the privacy of electronic communications. Diplomats from the two countries, which have both been targeted by the NSA, are leading efforts by a coalition of nations to draft a UN general assembly resolution calling for the right to privacy on the internet. Although non-binding, the resolution would be one of the strongest condemnations of US snooping to date.

"This resolution will probably have enormous support in the GA [general assembly] since no one likes the NSA spying on them," a western diplomat told Reuters on condition of anonymity. The Brazilian president, Dilma Rousseff, had previously cancelled a state visit to Washington over the revelation that the NSA was scooping up large amounts of Brazilian communications data, including from the state-run oil company Petrobras. The drafting of the UN resolution was confirmed by the country's foreign ministry.

The Associated Press quoted a diplomat who said the language of the resolution would not be "offensive" to any nation, particularly the US. He added that it would expand the right to privacy guaranteed by the international covenant on civil and political rights, which went into force in 1976.

The draft would be sent next week to the general assembly subcommittee on social, humanitarian, cultural and human rights issues, and be put to the full general assembly in late November.

Germany and France demanded on Thursday that the Americans agree to new transatlantic rules on intelligence and security service behaviour by the end of the year. Merkel added that she wanted action from Obama, not just apologetic words.

British and US civil liberties groups on Saturday added their voices to the criticism of snooping by both UK and US intelligence services after the Guardian revealed that the British intelligence agency GCHQ repeatedly said it feared a "damaging public debate" on the scale of its own activities.

Shami Chakrabarti, the director of Liberty, and Anthony Romero, executive director of the American Civil Liberties Union, issued a joint statement, saying: "The Guardian's publication of information from Edward Snowden has uncovered a breach of trust by the US and UK governments on the grandest scale. The newspaper's principled and selective revelations demonstrate our rulers' contempt for personal rights, freedoms and the rule of law.

"Across the globe, these disclosures continue to raise fundamental questions about the lack of effective legal protection against the interception of all our communications. Yet in Britain that conversation is in danger of being lost beneath self-serving spin and scaremongering, with journalists who dare to question the secret state accused of aiding the enemy.

"A balance must of course be struck between security and transparency, but that cannot be achieved while the intelligence services and their political masters seek to avoid any scrutiny of, or debate about, their actions."

"The Guardian's decision to expose the extent to which our privacy is being violated should be applauded and not condemned."

Nick Pickles, director of Big Brother Watch, said the fact GCHQ had doubts about the legality of its surveillance "reinforces the public interest in the disclosures about what has taken place in America and closer to home

"Parliament never legislated to allow the scale of interception that has been exposed, with laws written long before widespread broadband internet access or Facebook existed. There is a clear and overwhelming need for a fundamental review of our legal framework."

"If companies are handing over customer data or access to their equipment when there is no legal authority, then those businesses may well have broken the law. This should be urgently investigated by the information commissioner."

Defending the NSA's actions, the US administration has insisted that it is necessary to intercept vast amounts of electronic data to effectively fight terrorism, but the White House has said it is examining countries' concerns as part of an ongoing review of how the US gathers intelligence.

查看譯文

有新聞爆料說,美國(guó)情報(bào)部門一直在對(duì)德國(guó)總理默克爾的私人電話進(jìn)行監(jiān)控。而在此之前,德國(guó)情報(bào)官員已準(zhǔn)備前往華盛頓就總理電話監(jiān)聽事件尋求解釋。



《明鏡周刊》的一篇文章指出自從2002年以來,默克爾的電話已出現(xiàn)在美國(guó)國(guó)家安全局的特殊收集服務(wù)部門清單之上,并且可能已被監(jiān)聽超過10年。在美國(guó)總統(tǒng)奧巴馬六月份出訪柏林的數(shù)星期之前,默克爾的電話仍被清單之上并且被標(biāo)記上“德國(guó)總理默克爾”。

這本雜志刊登了一份來自特殊情報(bào)搜集部的文件,文件指出美國(guó)駐柏林大使館存在著“一個(gè)違法注冊(cè)的間諜部門”?!睹麋R》的揭露,很可能使“美國(guó)政府與其他各國(guó)政府間的關(guān)系跌落冰點(diǎn)”。

那時(shí)起,美國(guó)國(guó)家安全局和中央情報(bào)局的職員在柏林政府所在區(qū)域設(shè)置高科技的監(jiān)聽設(shè)備?!睹麋R》2010年收集到一份秘密文件,文件透露了全世界范圍內(nèi)存在著80所類似的監(jiān)聽部門,包括巴黎,馬德里,羅馬,布拉格,日內(nèi)瓦和法蘭克福市。默克爾的發(fā)言人和白宮拒絕對(duì)此發(fā)言。


《明鏡》指出,目前從文件內(nèi)容看還不太清楚監(jiān)聽默克爾電話的真實(shí)目的。可能是監(jiān)聽總理對(duì)話也或許僅僅是估測(cè)總理的接觸范圍。

在最新丑聞曝露之前,德國(guó)政府的副發(fā)言人喬治?斯特萊特爾表示,有高層部門組成的代表團(tuán)已前往白宮和美國(guó)國(guó)家安全局“督促”其盡早調(diào)查并早日公布結(jié)果。


同時(shí),幾千人昨日在華盛頓國(guó)家大樓前游行,行動(dòng)旨在反對(duì)國(guó)家安全局的間諜組織并且要求降低監(jiān)聽次數(shù)。他們中的部分人高舉旗幟,表示對(duì)前任中央情報(bào)局合作人愛德華?斯諾登的支持,因?yàn)榇饲八嘎读藝?guó)家安全局許多行動(dòng)。

這次游行吸引了來自不同政治范圍的反對(duì)者,而這種情景正如自由獨(dú)立擁護(hù)者跟隨茶黨運(yùn)動(dòng)般一樣。

根據(jù)德國(guó)媒體報(bào)道,這次代表團(tuán)包括德國(guó)秘密服務(wù)部門的高級(jí)官員。

德國(guó)和巴西正在帶頭嘗試向聯(lián)合國(guó)申訴以獲取電子通訊的私人性。作為美國(guó)國(guó)家安全局的目標(biāo),兩國(guó)外交官通過兩個(gè)間的合作正在努力向聯(lián)合國(guó)常任理事國(guó)尋求辦法,試圖呼吁國(guó)際范圍內(nèi)的隱私權(quán)。盡管沒有約束性,但是此決心卻是對(duì)美國(guó)目前的監(jiān)聽案最有力的譴責(zé)之一。

“此項(xiàng)提議將會(huì)得到常任理事國(guó)絕大部分的支持,沒有人喜歡美國(guó)國(guó)家安全局竊聽他們,”一位匿名的西方外交官告訴路透社。就在美國(guó)國(guó)家安全局挖掘出巴西,包括國(guó)企巴西石油公司大量的交流資料之前,巴西總統(tǒng)迪爾瑪?羅塞夫已經(jīng)取消了前往華盛頓的拜訪。

美聯(lián)社引用了一位外交官所說的,指出此主意的提出沒有“侵犯”任何一個(gè)國(guó)家,尤其是美國(guó)。他又說到,這會(huì)使得隱私權(quán)的范圍增大并且就人權(quán)和政治權(quán)利而言,會(huì)有國(guó)際公約的保證。此權(quán)力在1976年已開始生效。

這項(xiàng)手稿將會(huì)在下周送至常任理事國(guó)下屬處理社會(huì),人道主義,文化和人權(quán)問題的協(xié)會(huì)。在11月份末會(huì)在全體大會(huì)上呈現(xiàn)。

德國(guó)與法國(guó)希望美國(guó)到年底同意新大西洋彼岸的規(guī)定,內(nèi)容關(guān)于情報(bào)和安全服務(wù)行為。默克爾希望奧巴馬總統(tǒng)能夠真的采取行動(dòng),而不僅僅是道歉話。

英國(guó)、美國(guó)的公民自由組織譴責(zé)兩國(guó)情報(bào)組織的竊聽行為。此活動(dòng)發(fā)生在《衛(wèi)報(bào)》透露英國(guó)情報(bào)組織-國(guó)家通信情報(bào)局一直重復(fù)說它因其自身活動(dòng)的規(guī)模而害怕引起致命的公眾討論之后。

名為自由的組織首領(lǐng)查克?拉巴蒂和美國(guó)國(guó)內(nèi)自由聯(lián)合會(huì)總裁羅梅羅發(fā)表聯(lián)合聲明,表示:“《衛(wèi)報(bào)》從愛德華?斯諾登得到并已發(fā)布的消息揭露了美國(guó)、英國(guó)政府對(duì)于大規(guī)模民眾缺乏信任。報(bào)社有原則,有選擇性地選取事件,對(duì)此說明了我們的統(tǒng)治者對(duì)于人權(quán)、自由和法律效力存在輕視現(xiàn)象?!?/p>

“縱觀全球,這些丑聞持續(xù)性地引起我們對(duì)于基本問題的思考,對(duì)于竊聽我們的交流,生活中缺少有效的法律保護(hù)。但是在英國(guó),與記者談話可能處于竊聽狀態(tài)。那些記者為幫助敵人詢問國(guó)家機(jī)密要問,因此被逮捕。不得不說這些都是因?yàn)樗麄冏运阶岳!?/p>

“當(dāng)然,在安全性和透明度之間必須存在平衡點(diǎn),但是這個(gè)目標(biāo)不能通過情報(bào)服務(wù)或者嘗試政治家試圖躲避自身監(jiān)視這個(gè)方法而實(shí)現(xiàn)?!?/p>

“對(duì)于《衛(wèi)報(bào)》決心大規(guī)模地報(bào)道我們隱私性正在被侵犯這種行為,我們應(yīng)該鼓掌而不是譴責(zé)?!?/p>

英國(guó)維權(quán)組織“老大哥觀察”董事尼克-佩克勒斯說道,國(guó)家通信情報(bào)局對(duì)于自身監(jiān)聽的合法性存在懷疑,因?yàn)樗麄冋J(rèn)為“這引起了公眾對(duì)于公開性披露事件的興趣,因?yàn)檫@些事件發(fā)生在美國(guó)和本國(guó)近鄰。”

“在因特網(wǎng)或者臉書上大肆傳播之前,國(guó)會(huì)從未認(rèn)為如此大規(guī)模的竊聽事件合法,也就是沒有明文規(guī)定。對(duì)于法律框架,很明顯我們有必要進(jìn)行一次基本的回顧。”

“如果公司沒有法律允許但卻轉(zhuǎn)交顧客信息或者接近其設(shè)備時(shí),這些商家很可能觸犯法律。這就需要信息專員緊急調(diào)查?!?/p>

為了表示對(duì)國(guó)家安全局的支持,美國(guó)當(dāng)局堅(jiān)持為了打擊恐怖主義,竊聽數(shù)目龐大的電子數(shù)據(jù)很是必要,但是白宮已經(jīng)表示作為長(zhǎng)期回顧美國(guó)如何收集情報(bào)的一部分,這是在調(diào)查國(guó)家擔(dān)憂的問題。

(譯者 秋意濃 編輯 丹妮)

 
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