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科學(xué)家稱(chēng)2010災(zāi)害頻發(fā)多人為造成
2010's world gone wild: Quakes, floods, blizzards

[ 2010-12-21 08:39]     字號(hào) [] [] []  
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科學(xué)家稱(chēng)2010災(zāi)害頻發(fā)多人為造成

In this July 29, 2010 file photo, Moscow's St. Bazil's Cathedral, background, is seen through a smog covering Moscow during a heat wave. The mausoleum of Vladimir Lenin is at right. The excessive amount of extreme weather that dominated 2010 is a classic sign of man-made global warming that climate scientists have long warned about. They calculate that the killer Russian heat wave, setting a national record of 111F (nearly 44 C), would happen once every 100,000 years without global warming.

This was the year the Earth struck back.

Earthquakes, heat waves, floods, volcanoes, super typhoons, blizzards, landslides and droughts killed at least a quarter million people in 2010 — the deadliest year in more than a generation. More people were killed worldwide by natural disasters this year than have been killed in terrorism attacks in the past 40 years combined.

"It just seemed like it was back-to-back and it came in waves," said Craig Fugate, who heads the US Federal Emergency Management Agency. It handled a record number of disasters in 2010.

"The term ‘100-year event’ really lost its meaning this year."

And we have ourselves to blame most of the time, scientists and disaster experts say.

Even though many catastrophes have the ring of random chance, the hand of man made this a particularly deadly, costly, extreme and weird year for everything from wild weather to earthquakes.

Poor construction and development practices conspire to make earthquakes more deadly than they need be. More people live in poverty in vulnerable buildings in crowded cities. That means that when the ground shakes, the river breaches, or the tropical cyclone hits, more people die.

The January earthquake that killed well more than 220,000 people in Haiti is a perfect example. Port-au-Prince has nearly three times as many people — many of them living in poverty — and more poorly built shanties than it did 25 years ago. So had the same quake hit in 1985 instead of 2010, total deaths would have probably been in the 80,000 range, said Richard Olson, director of disaster risk reduction at Florida International University.

Climate scientists say Earth's climate also is changing thanks to man-made global warming, bringing extreme weather, such as heat waves and flooding.

The excessive amount of extreme weather that dominated 2010 is a classic sign of man-made global warming that climate scientists have long warned about. They calculate that the killer Russian heat wave — setting a national record of 111 degrees — would happen once every 100,000 years without global warming.

Preliminary data show that 18 countries broke their records for the hottest day ever.

White House science adviser John Holdren said we should get used to climate disasters or do something about global warming: "The science is clear that we can expect more and more of these kinds of damaging events unless and until society's emissions of heat-trapping gases and particles are sharply reduced."

(Read by Nelly Min. Nelly Min is a journalist at the China Daily Website.)

點(diǎn)擊查看更多雙語(yǔ)新聞

(Agencies)

今年,地球開(kāi)始反擊了。

2010年死于地震、熱浪、洪災(zāi)、火山噴發(fā)、超強(qiáng)臺(tái)風(fēng)、暴風(fēng)雪、山體滑坡和干旱的人數(shù)超過(guò)了25萬(wàn)人,是30多年來(lái)死亡人數(shù)最多的一年。全球死于自然災(zāi)難的人數(shù)超過(guò)過(guò)去40年來(lái)死于恐怖主義襲擊的人數(shù)的總和。

美國(guó)聯(lián)邦緊急事務(wù)管理局局長(zhǎng)克雷格?富蓋特說(shuō):“(災(zāi)難)像海浪般接踵而至。” 2010年該局處理的災(zāi)難數(shù)目突破了歷史記錄。

“在這種情況下,‘百年一遇’一詞也失去了意義”,尤蓋特說(shuō)。

科學(xué)家和災(zāi)難專(zhuān)家們認(rèn)為大部分災(zāi)難都是人類(lèi)自己造成的。

盡管很多災(zāi)難看起來(lái)是偶發(fā)事件,但是人類(lèi)的行為使得今年的自然災(zāi)害(從惡劣的天氣到毀滅性的地震)造成的后果尤其嚴(yán)重。今年是死亡人數(shù)飆升、損失慘重、天氣極端異常的一年。

低劣的建筑質(zhì)量和開(kāi)發(fā)行為加大了地震的殺傷力。越來(lái)越多的人擠在城市的危房里,過(guò)著貧苦的生活。這意味著,一旦地震發(fā)生、河堤決口、或者熱浪來(lái)襲,會(huì)有更多的人死亡。

一月份發(fā)生的造成22萬(wàn)多人死亡的海地地震就是一個(gè)典型的例子。跟25年前相比,海地首都太子港市的人數(shù)增加了兩倍,很多人生活貧困,城市中到處都是簡(jiǎn)陋的棚戶(hù)區(qū)。“如果同樣的地震發(fā)生在1985年,那么死亡人數(shù)應(yīng)該在8萬(wàn)左右”,弗羅里達(dá)國(guó)際大學(xué)減災(zāi)辦公室主任理查德?奧爾森說(shuō)。

氣象科學(xué)家說(shuō)地球的氣候也在發(fā)生變化。人為造成的全球變暖帶來(lái)了極端的天氣,使得熱浪肆虐,洪水泛濫。

2010年過(guò)度頻繁的極端天氣是人為全球變暖的一個(gè)顯著表現(xiàn)。氣象科學(xué)家們一直都在警告人們注意全球變暖,他們推算說(shuō)如果沒(méi)有全球變暖的話(huà),那么今年在俄羅斯發(fā)生的破紀(jì)錄的111度(華氏)高溫天氣每10萬(wàn)年才會(huì)發(fā)生一次。

之前的數(shù)據(jù)顯示,今年有18個(gè)國(guó)家的最高氣溫打破了歷史紀(jì)錄。

白宮科學(xué)顧問(wèn)約翰?霍德倫認(rèn)為,我們應(yīng)該采取行動(dòng)應(yīng)對(duì)全球變暖,不然就得適應(yīng)氣候?yàn)?zāi)難。“道理很清楚,如果我們不能大量減少吸熱氣體和微粒的排放,那么這種極具破壞力的災(zāi)難會(huì)越來(lái)越多。”

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(中國(guó)日?qǐng)?bào)網(wǎng)英語(yǔ)點(diǎn)津 崔旭燕 編輯:陳丹妮)

Vocabulary:

a generation: 一代通常認(rèn)為大約30年

back-to-back: 接連地;接二連三地

have the ring of: 聽(tīng)起來(lái),看起來(lái)

cyclone: a violent tropical storm in which strong winds move in a circle(氣旋;旋風(fēng))

 
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