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5日上午9時，十三屆全國人大一次會議開幕，國務(wù)院總理李克強作政府工作報告。政府工作報告中首次出現(xiàn)的這五個新表述值得留意：

1.推動經(jīng)濟'高質(zhì)量發(fā)展'

2.建設(shè)'現(xiàn)代化經(jīng)濟體系'

3.堅決打好'三大攻堅戰(zhàn)'

4.用'三大變革'推動發(fā)展

5.實施好'鄉(xiāng)村振興戰(zhàn)略'

新表述1：高質(zhì)量發(fā)展

high-quality development

[報告原文]

"按照高質(zhì)量發(fā)展的要求，統(tǒng)籌推進'五位一體'總體布局和協(xié)調(diào)推進'四個全面'戰(zhàn)略布局，堅持以供給側(cè)結(jié)構(gòu)性改革為主線，統(tǒng)籌推進穩(wěn)增長、促改革、調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)、惠民生、防風(fēng)險各項工作"；

Heed the requirement that development must be high quality; coordinate efforts to pursue the five-sphere integrated plan and the four-pronged comprehensive strategy; continue to regard supply-side structural reform as our main task; coordinate all work to maintain stable growth, promote reform, make structural adjustments, improve living standards, and guard against risk.

"上述主要預(yù)期目標(biāo)，考慮了決勝全面建成小康社會需要，符合我國經(jīng)濟已由高速增長階段轉(zhuǎn)向高質(zhì)量發(fā)展階段實際"；

The above targets take into consideration the need to secure a decisive victory in building a moderately prosperous society in all respects, and are fitting given the fact that China's economy is transitioning from a phase of rapid growth to a stage of high-quality development.

"國有企業(yè)要通過改革創(chuàng)新，走在高質(zhì)量發(fā)展前列"；

Our SOEs should, through reform and innovation, become front-runners in pursuing high-quality development.

"進一步拓展開放范圍和層次，完善開放結(jié)構(gòu)布局和體制機制，以高水平開放推動高質(zhì)量發(fā)展"。

China will further expand the scope and raise the quality of its opening up; the structure, layout, institutions, and mechanisms for opening up will be improved, and we will use high-standard opening up to generate high-quality development.

[專家解讀]

國務(wù)院發(fā)展研究中心副主任王一鳴指出，高質(zhì)量發(fā)展(high-quality development)根本在于經(jīng)濟的活力、創(chuàng)新力和競爭力，供給側(cè)結(jié)構(gòu)性改革(supply-side structural reform)是根本途徑。他認(rèn)為，當(dāng)前轉(zhuǎn)向高質(zhì)量發(fā)展具備很多有利的基礎(chǔ)性條件，比如過去五年最終消費的上升、服務(wù)業(yè)占比的提高大大增強了經(jīng)濟運行的穩(wěn)定性，中等收入群體(middle-income group)規(guī)模的不斷增大提供了強大的市場驅(qū)動力，供給側(cè)結(jié)構(gòu)性改革有效強化了市場功能，科技創(chuàng)新和技術(shù)擴散為高質(zhì)量發(fā)展提供了技術(shù)支撐，全球價值鏈的變化為高質(zhì)量發(fā)展提供機遇。

"在今年這個時間點上，經(jīng)濟有個非常重要的變化，就是發(fā)展階段正在從高速增長轉(zhuǎn)向高質(zhì)量發(fā)展。"國家發(fā)改委學(xué)術(shù)委員會秘書長、中國經(jīng)濟研究交流中心首席研究員張燕生接受新華訪談時表示，"如何使經(jīng)濟向高質(zhì)量發(fā)展轉(zhuǎn)換，這是2018年要下大力氣開展的重要工作，包括各方面的考核標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、激勵標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、衡量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)等等體系的建立。"

新表述2：現(xiàn)代化經(jīng)濟體系

modernized economy

[報告原文]

"要著力解決發(fā)展不平衡不充分問題，圍繞建設(shè)現(xiàn)代化經(jīng)濟體系，堅持質(zhì)量第一、效益優(yōu)先，促進經(jīng)濟結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化升級。要尊重經(jīng)濟規(guī)律，遠(yuǎn)近結(jié)合，確保經(jīng)濟運行在合理區(qū)間，實現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟平穩(wěn)增長和質(zhì)量效益提高互促共進。"

We will devote attention to addressing unbalanced and insufficient development. Centering on developing a modernized economy, we will put quality first and give priority to performance, and promote economic structural improvement and upgrading. We must respect objective economic laws, consider both long-and near-term needs, ensure the economy performs within a reasonable range, and achieve a situation in which steady economic growth and improvement in quality and performance reinforce each other.

[專家解讀]

中國人民大學(xué)國家發(fā)展與戰(zhàn)略研究院研究員楊瑞龍表示，要建設(shè)現(xiàn)代化經(jīng)濟體系(modernized economy)，必須要正確處理政府與市場之間的關(guān)系，原則是要發(fā)揮市場經(jīng)濟在資源配置中的決定性作用和更好地發(fā)揮政府作用。

"要建立現(xiàn)代化經(jīng)濟體系，必須要超越過去四十年的一些結(jié)構(gòu)改革調(diào)整的思路，即不應(yīng)當(dāng)就市場談市場，就經(jīng)濟談經(jīng)濟。"中國人民大學(xué)副校長、國家發(fā)展與戰(zhàn)略研究院執(zhí)行院長劉元春說，市場經(jīng)濟體系的建設(shè)不在于簡單的培育市場主體(market entities)本身。這些年政府的信用膨脹是一個很大的問題，因此對政府的權(quán)力約束和再定位變得非常關(guān)鍵。

新表述3：三大攻堅戰(zhàn)(防范化解重大風(fēng)險、精準(zhǔn)脫貧、污染防治)

three critical battles against potential risk, poverty, and pollution

[報告原文]

"抓好決勝全面建成小康社會三大攻堅戰(zhàn)。要分別提出工作思路和具體舉措，排出時間表、路線圖、優(yōu)先序，確保風(fēng)險隱患得到有效控制，確保脫貧攻堅任務(wù)全面完成，確保生態(tài)環(huán)境質(zhì)量總體改善"；

We will ensure success in the three critical battles against potential risk, poverty, and pollution, battles that are important for decisively bringing to completion the building of a moderately prosperous society in all respects. We need to adopt targeted approaches and specific measures, draw up timetables and roadmaps, and set well-defined priorities. We will make sure risks and potential dangers are effectively controlled, make sure poverty alleviation is fully accomplished, and make sure there is an overall improvement in the quality of the environment.

"優(yōu)化財政支出結(jié)構(gòu)，提高財政支出的公共性、普惠性，加大對三大攻堅戰(zhàn)的支持，更多向創(chuàng)新驅(qū)動、'三農(nóng)'、民生等領(lǐng)域傾斜"；

We will improve the structure of budgetary spending, making sure that more financial allocations are used for the public good and universal benefit, increasing support for the three critical battles against potential risk, poverty, and pollution, and weighting spending toward innovation-driven development, agriculture, rural areas, and rural residents, and the improvement of living standards.

"堅決打好三大攻堅戰(zhàn)，要圍繞完成年度攻堅任務(wù)，明確各方責(zé)任，強化政策保障，把各項工作做實做好。"

Fighting three critical battles. To fulfill our key annual tasks, we need to make everyone involved clear about their responsibilities, strengthen policy implementation, and ensure that every element of work is done to good, solid effect.

[專家解讀]

全國政協(xié)委員、清華大學(xué)中國與世界經(jīng)濟研究中心主任李稻葵指出，2018年我國的面臨三大攻堅戰(zhàn)中，風(fēng)險防控(risk prevention and control)是第一位的。當(dāng)前我國大量的金融資產(chǎn)以流動性很強的存款與現(xiàn)金的形式存在，未來的十年、二十年，資金跨境的流動都需加強管理。

全國政協(xié)委員、中央財經(jīng)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)小組辦公室副主任楊偉民表示，防范金融風(fēng)險第一步要在實體經(jīng)濟方面繼續(xù)深化供給側(cè)結(jié)構(gòu)性改革，繼續(xù)清理"僵尸企業(yè)(zombie enterprise)"、去過剩產(chǎn)能。

新表述4："三大變革"(質(zhì)量變革、效率變革、動力變革)

change in quality, change in efficiency, and change in growth drivers

[報告原文]

"堅持以供給側(cè)結(jié)構(gòu)性改革為主線，統(tǒng)籌推進穩(wěn)增長、促改革、調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)、惠民生、防風(fēng)險各項工作，大力推進改革開放，創(chuàng)新和完善宏觀調(diào)控，推動質(zhì)量變革、效率變革、動力變革"。

Continue to regard supply-side structural reform as our main task; coordinate all work to maintain stable growth, promote reform, make structural adjustments, improve living standards, and guard against risk; work hard to reform and open up further; explore new ideas on and improve macro regulation; promote a change in quality, change in efficiency, and change in growth drivers.

[專家解讀]

王一鳴指出，十九大報告強調(diào)我國"正處在轉(zhuǎn)變發(fā)展方式、優(yōu)化經(jīng)濟結(jié)構(gòu)、轉(zhuǎn)換增長動力的攻關(guān)期(in a pivotal period in the transformation of its growth model, its structural improvement and its shift to new growth drivers)"，也就是說要攻克三個關(guān)口：轉(zhuǎn)方式、優(yōu)結(jié)構(gòu)、增動力。"我們的要素大規(guī)模、高強度投入的條件正發(fā)生明顯的變化。未來怎樣提高要素的生產(chǎn)率，是我們攻克轉(zhuǎn)換增長動力的關(guān)口的重要條件。"

新表述5：鄉(xiāng)村振興戰(zhàn)略

rural revitalization strategy

[報告原文]

"大力實施鄉(xiāng)村振興戰(zhàn)略?？茖W(xué)制定規(guī)劃，健全城鄉(xiāng)融合發(fā)展體制機制，依靠改革創(chuàng)新壯大鄉(xiāng)村發(fā)展新動能"；

Making strong moves in the rural revitalization strategy. Plans will be well designed and the institutions and mechanisms needed to achieve integrated urban-rural development will be improved. We will rely on reform and innovation to build powerful new growth drivers for rural development.

"我們要堅持走中國特色社會主義鄉(xiāng)村振興道路，加快實現(xiàn)農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村現(xiàn)代化。"

We will continue to pursue a Chinese path to socialist rural revitalization, and work faster to achieve agricultural and rural modernization.

[專家解讀]

中央農(nóng)村工作領(lǐng)導(dǎo)小組辦公室主任韓俊認(rèn)為，實施鄉(xiāng)村振興戰(zhàn)略(rural revitalization strategy)，是黨的十九大作出的重大決策部署，是決勝全面建成小康社會、全面建設(shè)社會主義現(xiàn)代化國家的重大歷史任務(wù)，是中國特色社會主義進入新時代做好"三農(nóng)"工作的新旗幟和總抓手。

他表示，鄉(xiāng)村振興是以農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟發(fā)展為基礎(chǔ)，包括農(nóng)村文化、治理、民生、生態(tài)等在內(nèi)的鄉(xiāng)村發(fā)展水平的整體性提升。要按照產(chǎn)業(yè)興旺、生態(tài)宜居、鄉(xiāng)風(fēng)文明、治理有效、生活富裕的總要求(to build rural areas with thriving businesses, pleasant living environments, social etiquette and civility, effective governance, and prosperity)，統(tǒng)籌謀劃農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟建設(shè)、政治建設(shè)、文化建設(shè)、社會建設(shè)、生態(tài)文明建設(shè)和黨的建設(shè)，注重協(xié)同性、關(guān)聯(lián)性、整體性，推動農(nóng)業(yè)全面升級、農(nóng)村全面進步、農(nóng)民全面發(fā)展。

(中文來源：新華網(wǎng)? 編輯：彭娜)