3. 光棍危機

bachelor crisis

請看例句：

The ratio of male to female births in China has decreased for seven years in a row, but it is still likely that more than 30m males will have to stay single, according to data released by the National Bureau of Statistics. These statistics highlight the country's bachelor crisis.

國家統(tǒng)計局?jǐn)?shù)據(jù)顯示，盡管我國男女出生人口性別比連續(xù)七年下降，仍有3000多萬男性人口將"打光棍"。這些數(shù)據(jù)凸顯了我國的光棍危機。

一般來說，造成一個國家和地區(qū)的性別比失衡(unbalanced sex ratio)有兩大主要原因：移民和出生性別比失衡。由于移民比例很小，中國人口性別比失衡的根本原因是出生性別比(sex ratio at birth)失衡。正常自然情況下的出生性別比(the biologically natural sex ratios at birth)一般介于103和107之間(range from 103 to 107 boys for every 100 girls)。

國家衛(wèi)計委在2015年初表示，目前中國出生性別比整體水平依然偏高，其后果已經(jīng)顯現(xiàn)(adverse effects are already showing)，風(fēng)險進一步擴大(risk is further expanding)。"婚姻擠出"(marriage squeeze)很形象地顯示了性別比失衡(gender imbalance)對婚姻的影響——原本相對穩(wěn)定平衡的婚姻市場(marriage market)因為多出數(shù)千萬男性變得擁擠，使得多出的男性被擠壓出去，被迫成為光棍(bachelor)。

男女比例失衡亦會引起就業(yè)性別擠壓(increase the imbalance of genders in the workplace)，男性勞動力過剩(surplus male labor)會增強勞動力就業(yè)市場的競爭(intensify the competition in the labor job market)，加大女性就業(yè)難度(increase the difficulty for women to get a job)。男性人口過剩(large surplus male population)還容易滋生各種社會犯罪現(xiàn)象，可能會給社會穩(wěn)定造成威脅(pose a threat to social stability)。

[相關(guān)詞匯]

適婚年齡 marriageable age

人口出生率 fertility rate

中老年未婚女子 spinster

剩男 leftover men