金磚國(guó)家領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人第五次會(huì)晤

德班宣言

(二0一三年三月二十七日)

1、我們，巴西聯(lián)邦共和國(guó)、俄羅斯聯(lián)邦、印度共和國(guó)、中華人民共和國(guó)和南非共和國(guó)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人于2013年3月27日在南非德班舉行金磚國(guó)家領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人第五次會(huì)晤。我們圍繞“金磚國(guó)家與非洲:致力于發(fā)展、一體化和工業(yè)化的伙伴關(guān)系”的主題進(jìn)行了討論。本次會(huì)晤是金磚國(guó)家第一輪領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人會(huì)晤的收官之作。我們重申將致力于維護(hù)國(guó)際法、多邊主義和聯(lián)合國(guó)的中心地位。我們的討論表明金磚國(guó)家的團(tuán)結(jié)進(jìn)一步加深,愿為全球和平、穩(wěn)定、發(fā)展與合作做出積極貢獻(xiàn)。我們還討論了金磚國(guó)家在與各國(guó)和各國(guó)人民團(tuán)結(jié)合作的基礎(chǔ)上,在國(guó)際體系中發(fā)揮的作用。

2、此次會(huì)晤舉行之時(shí),正需要我們探討共同關(guān)心并具有系統(tǒng)重要性的問(wèn)題,以解決共同關(guān)切,研擬長(zhǎng)期解決之道。我們致力于逐步將金磚國(guó)家發(fā)展成為就全球經(jīng)濟(jì)和政治領(lǐng)域的諸多重大問(wèn)題進(jìn)行日常和長(zhǎng)期協(xié)調(diào)的全方位機(jī)制。支撐現(xiàn)行全球治理架構(gòu)的有關(guān)國(guó)際機(jī)構(gòu)是在當(dāng)年國(guó)際版圖面臨非常不同的挑戰(zhàn)和機(jī)遇的情況下締造的。由于全球經(jīng)濟(jì)正在重塑,我們致力于通過(guò)加強(qiáng)互補(bǔ)和各自經(jīng)濟(jì)力量,探索實(shí)現(xiàn)更公平發(fā)展、更具包容性增長(zhǎng)的新模式和新方式。

3、正如《三亞宣言》中提出的,我們對(duì)加強(qiáng)同其他國(guó)家,特別是新興國(guó)家和發(fā)展中國(guó)家,以及相關(guān)國(guó)際、區(qū)域性組織的聯(lián)系與合作持開(kāi)放態(tài)度。我們將在本次會(huì)晤后舉行同非洲國(guó)家領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人的對(duì)話會(huì),主題為“釋放非洲潛力:金磚國(guó)家和非洲在基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施領(lǐng)域合作”。對(duì)話會(huì)將為金磚國(guó)家和非洲領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人討論如何加強(qiáng)金磚國(guó)家和非洲大陸合作提供機(jī)會(huì)。

4、我們認(rèn)識(shí)到區(qū)域一體化對(duì)非洲可持續(xù)增長(zhǎng)、發(fā)展和消除貧困的重要意義,重申支持非洲大陸一體化進(jìn)程。

5、在“非洲發(fā)展新伙伴計(jì)劃”框架下,我們將通過(guò)鼓勵(lì)外國(guó)直接投資、知識(shí)交流、能力建設(shè)以及與非洲貿(mào)易的多樣化,支持非洲國(guó)家工業(yè)化進(jìn)程。我們認(rèn)識(shí)到非洲發(fā)展基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施的重要性,認(rèn)同非盟在確定和應(yīng)對(duì)非洲大陸的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施挑戰(zhàn)方面取得的進(jìn)步。通過(guò)制訂非洲基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施發(fā)展規(guī)劃、非盟“非洲發(fā)展新伙伴計(jì)劃”非洲行動(dòng)計(jì)劃(2010-2015)、“非洲發(fā)展新伙伴計(jì)劃”總統(tǒng)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施倡議及地區(qū)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施發(fā)展總體規(guī)劃,非盟確定了對(duì)推動(dòng)區(qū)域一體化和工業(yè)化至關(guān)重要的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施重點(diǎn)開(kāi)發(fā)項(xiàng)目。我們將尋求在互惠基礎(chǔ)上鼓勵(lì)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施投資,以支持非洲的工業(yè)發(fā)展、就業(yè)、技能發(fā)展、食品和營(yíng)養(yǎng)安全、消除貧困及可持續(xù)發(fā)展。為此,我們重申對(duì)非洲基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施可持續(xù)發(fā)展的支持。

6、我們注意到歐洲、美國(guó)和日本為減少世界經(jīng)濟(jì)尾部風(fēng)險(xiǎn)所采取的政策措施。其中的部分措施給世界其他經(jīng)濟(jì)體帶來(lái)負(fù)面外溢效應(yīng)。世界經(jīng)濟(jì)重大風(fēng)險(xiǎn)猶存,形勢(shì)仍低于預(yù)期。在經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)蘇的力度和持續(xù)性、主要經(jīng)濟(jì)體政策方向方面,不確定性依然很大。在一些重要國(guó)家,失業(yè)率居高不下,高企的私人和公共債務(wù)抑制了經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)。在此情況下,我們重申關(guān)于支持增長(zhǎng)和維護(hù)金融穩(wěn)定的強(qiáng)烈承諾,并強(qiáng)調(diào)發(fā)達(dá)經(jīng)濟(jì)體需要采取適當(dāng)措施以重建信心,促進(jìn)增長(zhǎng)并確保經(jīng)濟(jì)強(qiáng)勁復(fù)蘇。

7、發(fā)達(dá)經(jīng)濟(jì)體的央行采取非常規(guī)貨幣政策,增加了全球流動(dòng)性。這可能符合其國(guó)內(nèi)貨幣政策的授權(quán),但主要央行應(yīng)避免此舉帶來(lái)加劇資本、匯率和大宗商品價(jià)格波動(dòng)等預(yù)料之外的后果,以免對(duì)其他經(jīng)濟(jì)體特別是發(fā)展中國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)帶來(lái)負(fù)面影響。

8、我們歡迎俄羅斯作為2013年二十國(guó)集團(tuán)主席國(guó)提出的核心目標(biāo),特別是為促進(jìn)全球強(qiáng)勁、可持續(xù)、包容和平衡增長(zhǎng)、增加就業(yè)而增加投資融資、確保公共債務(wù)可持續(xù)性的努力。我們也將繼續(xù)突出二十國(guó)集團(tuán)發(fā)展議程,將其作為全球經(jīng)濟(jì)穩(wěn)定、長(zhǎng)期可持續(xù)增長(zhǎng)和增加就業(yè)的關(guān)鍵要素。

9、由于長(zhǎng)期融資和外國(guó)直接投資不足,尤其是資本市場(chǎng)投資不足,發(fā)展中國(guó)家面臨基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)的挑戰(zhàn)。這限制了全球總需求。金磚國(guó)家合作推動(dòng)更有效利用全球金融資源,可以為解決上述問(wèn)題做出積極貢獻(xiàn)。2012年3月,我們指示財(cái)長(zhǎng)們?cè)u(píng)估建立一個(gè)新的開(kāi)發(fā)銀行的可能性和可行性,為金磚國(guó)家、其他新興市場(chǎng)和發(fā)展中國(guó)家的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施和可持續(xù)發(fā)展項(xiàng)目籌集資金,作為對(duì)全球增長(zhǎng)和發(fā)展領(lǐng)域的現(xiàn)有多邊和區(qū)域金融機(jī)構(gòu)的補(bǔ)充。根據(jù)財(cái)長(zhǎng)們的報(bào)告,我們滿意地看到建立一個(gè)新的開(kāi)發(fā)銀行是可能和可行的。我們同意建立該銀行,銀行的初始資本應(yīng)該是實(shí)質(zhì)性的和充足的,以便有效開(kāi)展基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施融資。

10、2012年6月,我們?cè)诼逅箍ㄎ炙箷?huì)晤時(shí)指示財(cái)長(zhǎng)和央行行長(zhǎng)探討通過(guò)成立金磚國(guó)家應(yīng)急儲(chǔ)備安排來(lái)建設(shè)金融安全網(wǎng)。他們的結(jié)論是建立一個(gè)自我管理的應(yīng)急儲(chǔ)備安排具有積極預(yù)防效果,將幫助金磚國(guó)家應(yīng)對(duì)短期流動(dòng)性壓力,提供相互支持,并進(jìn)一步加強(qiáng)金融穩(wěn)定。這也將作為一道增加的防線,為補(bǔ)充現(xiàn)有國(guó)際外匯儲(chǔ)備安排、加強(qiáng)全球金融安全網(wǎng)做出貢獻(xiàn)。我們認(rèn)為在符合各自國(guó)內(nèi)法律和具有適當(dāng)安全保證的條件下,建立一個(gè)初始規(guī)模為1000億美元的應(yīng)急儲(chǔ)備安排是可能和共同期待的。我們指示財(cái)長(zhǎng)和央行行長(zhǎng)繼續(xù)朝著建立該安排的目標(biāo)努力。

Fifth BRICS Summit

Durban: 27 March 2013

BRICS and Africa: Partnership for Development, Integration and Industrialisation

eThekwini Declaration

1. We, the leaders of the Federative Republic of Brazil, the Russian Federation, the Republic of India, the People's Republic of China and the Republic of South Africa, met in Durban, South Africa, on 27 March 2013 at the Fifth BRICS Summit. Our discussions took place under the overarching theme, "BRICS and Africa: Partnership for Development, Integration and Industrialization." The Fifth BRICS Summit concluded the first cycle of BRICS Summits and we reaffirmed our commitment to the promotion of international law, multilateralism and the central role of the United Nations (UN). Our discussions reflected our growing intra-BRICS solidarity as well as our shared goal to contribute positively to global peace, stability, development and cooperation. We also considered our role in the international system as based on an inclusive approach of shared solidarity and cooperation towards all nations and peoples.

2. We met at a time which requires that we consider issues of mutual interest and systemic importance in order to share concerns and to develop lasting solutions. We aim at progressively developing BRICS into a full-fledged mechanism of current and long-term coordination on a wide range of key issues of the world economy and politics. The prevailing global governance architecture is regulated by institutions which were conceived in circumstances when the international landscape in all its aspects was characterized by very different challenges and opportunities. As the global economy is being reshaped, we are committed to exploring new models and approaches towards more equitable development and inclusive global growth by emphasizing complementarities and building on our respective economic strengths.

3. We are open to increasing our engagement and cooperation with non-BRICS countries, in particular Emerging Market and Developing Countries (EMDCs), and relevant international and regional organizations, as envisioned in the Sanya Declaration. We will hold a Retreat together with African leaders after this Summit, under the theme, "Unlocking Africa's potential: BRICS and Africa Cooperation on Infrastructure." The Retreat is an opportunity for BRICS and African leaders to discuss how to strengthen cooperation between the BRICS countries and the African Continent.

4. Recognizing the importance of regional integration for Africa's sustainable growth, development and poverty eradication, we reaffirm our support for the Continent' s integration processes.

5. Within the framework of the New Partnership for Africa's Development (NEPAD), we support African countries in their industrialization process through stimulating foreign direct investment, knowledge exchange, capacity-building and diversification of imports from Africa. We acknowledge that infrastructure development in Africa is important and recognize the strides made by the African Union to identify and address the continent's infrastructure challenges through the development of the Program for Infrastructure Development in Africa (PIDA), the AU NEPAD Africa Action Plan (2010-2015), the NEPAD Presidential Infrastructure Championing Initiative (PICI), as well as the Regional Infrastructure Development Master Plans that have identified priority infrastructure development projects that are critical to promoting regional integration and industrialization. We will seek to stimulate infrastructure investment on the basis of mutual benefit to support industrial development, job-creation, skills development, food and nutrition security and poverty eradication and sustainable development in Africa. We therefore, reaffirm our support for sustainable infrastructure development in Africa.

6. We note policy actions in Europe, the United States and Japan aimed at reducing tail-risks in the world economy. Some of these actions produce negative spillover effects on other economies of the world. Significant risks remain and the performance of the global economy still falls behind our expectations. As a result, uncertainty about strength and durability of the recovery and the direction of policy in some major economies remains high. In some key countries unemployment stays unusually elevated, while high levels of private and public indebtedness inhibit growth. In such circumstances, we reaffirm our strong commitment to support growth and foster financial stability. We also underscore the need for appropriate action to be taken by advanced economies in order to rebuild confidence, foster growth and secure a strong recovery.

7. Central Banks in advanced economies have responded with unconventional monetary policy actions which have increased global liquidity. While this may be consistent with domestic monetary policy mandates, major Central Banks should avoid the unintended consequences of these actions in the form of increased volatility of capital flows, currencies and commodity prices, which may have negative growth effects on other economies, in particular developing countries.

8. We welcome the core objectives of the Russian Presidency in the G20 in 2013, in particular the efforts to increased financing for investment and ensure public debt sustainability aimed at ensuring strong, sustainable, inclusive and balanced growth and job creation around the world. We will also continue to prioritize the G20 development agenda as a vital element of global economic stability and long-term sustainable growth and job creation.

9. Developing countries face challenges of infrastructure development due to insufficient long-term financing and foreign direct investment, especially investment in capital stock. This constrains global aggregate demand. BRICS cooperation towards more productive use of global financial resources can make a positive contribution to addressing this problem. In March 2012 we directed our Finance Ministers to examine the feasibility and viability of setting up a New Development Bank for mobilizing resources for infrastructure and sustainable development projects in BRICS and other emerging economies and developing countries, to supplement the existing efforts of multilateral and regional financial institutions for global growth and development. Following the report from our Finance Ministers, we are satisfied that the establishment of a New Development Bank is feasible and viable. We have agreed to establish the New Development Bank. The initial contribution to the Bank should be substantial and sufficient for the Bank to be effective in financing infrastructure.

10. In June 2012, in our meeting in Los Cabos, we tasked our Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors to explore the construction of a financial safety net through the creation of a Contingent Reserve Arrangement (CRA) amongst BRICS countries. They have concluded that the establishment of a self-managed contingent reserve arrangement would have a positive precautionary effect, help BRICS countries forestall short-term liquidity pressures, provide mutual support and further strengthen financial stability. It would also contribute to strengthening the global financial safety net and complement existing international arrangements as an additional line of defence. We are of the view that the establishment of the CRA with an initial size of 100 billion U.S. dollars is feasible and desirable subject to internal legal frameworks and appropriate safeguards. We direct our Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors to continue working towards its establishment.