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《殺死一只知更鳥(niǎo)》(1960)是美國(guó)作家哈珀? 李的一部經(jīng)典現(xiàn)代小說(shuō),主題深刻,文辭雋永。還曾多次經(jīng)過(guò)改編搬上大銀幕,受到了全世界讀者的喜愛(ài)。故事發(fā)生在上個(gè)世紀(jì)30年代美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)大蕭條時(shí)期,小說(shuō)主人公阿提克斯?芬奇是一個(gè)充滿正義感和同情心的律師,常常不計(jì)報(bào)酬地為窮人們伸張正義。他告誡孩子,殺死知更鳥(niǎo)是一種罪惡,因?yàn)樗鼈冎粸槿祟惛璩?,從?lái)不做危害人類的事情。從比喻意義上說(shuō),知更鳥(niǎo)代表著純潔無(wú)辜的人,當(dāng)你殺死它時(shí)就好像是在殺死無(wú)辜的人。
Our father didn't do anything. He worked in an office, not in a drugstore. Atticus did not drive a dump-truck for the county, he was not the sheriff, he did not farm, work in a garage, or do anything that could possibly arouse the admiration of anyone.[1] Besides that, he wore glasses. He was nearly blind in his left eye, and said left eyes were the tribal[2] curse of the Finches. Whenever he wanted to see something well, he turned his head and looked from his right eye. He did not do the things our schoolmates’fathers did: he never went hunting, he did not play poker or fish or drink or smoke. He sat in the living room and read. With these attributes, however, he would not remain as inconspicuous as we wished him to: that year, the school buzzed with talk about him defending Tom Robinson, none of which was complimentary.[3] After my bout[4] with Cecil Jacobs when I committed myself to a policy of cowardice, word got around that Scout Finch wouldn’t fight any more, her daddy wouldn’t let her. This was not entirely correct: I wouldn’t fight publicly for Atticus, but the family was private ground. I would fight anyone from a third cousin upwards tooth and nail.[5] When he gave us our air-rifles[6] Atticus wouldn’t teach us to shoot. Uncle Jack instructed us in the rudiments[7] thereof; he said Atticus wasn’t interested in guns. Atticus said to Jem one day, “I’d rather you shot at tin cans in the back yard, but I know you’ll go after birds. Shoot all the bluejays[8] you want, if you can hit 'em, but remember it’s a sin to kill a mockingbird.” That was the only time I ever heard Atticus say it was a sin to do something, and I asked Miss Maudie about it. “Your father’s right,” she said. “Mockingbirds don’t do one thing but make music for us to enjoy. They don’t eat up people’s gardens, don’t nest in corncribs[9], they don’t do one thing but sing their hearts out for us. That’s why it’s a sin to kill a mockingbird.” “Miss Maudie, this is an old neighborhood, ain’t it?” “Been here longer than the town.” “Nome[10], I mean the folks on our street are all old. Jem and me’s the only children around here.Mrs. Dubose is close on to a hundred and Miss Rachel’s old and so are you and Atticus. “I don’t call fifty very old,” said Miss Maudie tartly[11]. “Not being wheeled around yet, am I? Neither’s your father. Maybe you’re right, Jean Louise, this is a settled neighborhood. You’re never been around young folks much, have you?” “Yessum[12], at school...” When Atticus came home to dinner he found me crouched down[13] aiming across the street. “What are you shooting at?” “Miss Maudie’s rear end[14].” Atticus turned and saw my generous target bending over her bushes. He pushed his hat to the back of his head and crossed the street. “Maudie,” he called, “I thought I’d better warn you. You’re in considerable peril[15].” When Atticus returned he told me to break camp[16]. “Don’t you ever let me catch you pointing that gun at anybody again,” he said. |
我們的父親什么也不做,他在辦公室里工作,不是藥店。阿提克斯不為我們縣開(kāi)自卸式卡車(chē),也不是縣治安官,不在農(nóng)場(chǎng)耕作,也不在修車(chē)廠修車(chē),或做著任何其他可能令人欽佩的事情。 除此之外,他還戴著眼鏡。他的左眼幾近失明,他說(shuō)左眼是芬奇家族的詛咒。當(dāng)他想看清某樣?xùn)|西時(shí),就偏著頭用右眼看。 他不做同學(xué)的父親們經(jīng)常做的事情,從不打獵,也不打撲克、釣魚(yú)、喝酒或吸煙,而是坐在起居室里讀書(shū)。 擁有這些特質(zhì),他還不肯如我們所愿地保持默默無(wú)聞。那年,整個(gè)學(xué)校都在嘁嘁喳喳地議論他為湯姆? 魯濱遜辯護(hù)的事情,沒(méi)有一句贊美之詞。在我奉行“懦弱政策”期間,我與塞西爾? 雅各布斯打了一架,之后便有傳言:斯科特? 芬奇不會(huì)再打架了,因?yàn)樗职植辉试S。這并非完全正確:我不會(huì)在公共場(chǎng)合為阿提克斯打架,但家庭是私人場(chǎng)所。我會(huì)和遠(yuǎn)房表親及關(guān)系更近的任何家里人拼了老命。 當(dāng)阿提克斯給我們氣槍時(shí),他不肯教我們射擊。杰克叔叔給我們提供了一些入門(mén)指導(dǎo),他說(shuō)阿提克斯對(duì)槍不感冒。阿提克斯有一天對(duì)杰姆說(shuō):“我寧愿你朝著后花園中的鐵罐開(kāi)槍,但我知道你還是會(huì)去捕鳥(niǎo)的。你可以射殺所有你想殺的藍(lán)松鴉,如果你能打中它們的話,但須切記,殺死知更鳥(niǎo)是一種罪惡?!?/p> 那是我惟一一次聽(tīng)阿提克斯說(shuō)做什么事情是一種罪惡,我為此詢問(wèn)了莫德小姐。 “你父親說(shuō)得對(duì)?!彼f(shuō)?!爸B(niǎo)只會(huì)做一件事情,就是為人類歌唱。它們不會(huì)吃光人們的花園,不會(huì)在玉米倉(cāng)庫(kù)中筑巢,而只會(huì)為我們嘔心瀝血地歌唱。這就是為什么說(shuō)殺死知更鳥(niǎo)是有罪的。” “莫德小姐,這是一個(gè)很老的社區(qū),對(duì)嗎?” “比這個(gè)鎮(zhèn)更有些年頭?!?/p> “不是啊,我是說(shuō)居住在街區(qū)里的人都很老。杰姆和我是這里僅有的孩子,杜博斯太太都快100歲了,瑞秋小姐也很老了,你和阿提克斯也是。” “我不會(huì)說(shuō)50歲左右的人老,”莫德小姐酸溜溜地說(shuō)道?!拔疫€不用坐著輪椅到處走,對(duì)吧?你父親也還不用。或許你說(shuō)得對(duì),珍? 路易斯,這是一個(gè)穩(wěn)定的社區(qū)。周?chē)荒芙?jīng)常看見(jiàn)很多年輕人,對(duì)吧?” “對(duì)滴,在學(xué)校里……” 當(dāng)阿提克斯回家吃飯時(shí),他看見(jiàn)我蹲在地上,瞄準(zhǔn)街對(duì)面?!澳阆氤裁撮_(kāi)槍?” “莫德小姐的屁股?!?/p> 阿提克斯轉(zhuǎn)過(guò)身,看到我那龐大的靶子正彎腰伏在灌木叢上。他把帽子轉(zhuǎn)到了后面,走到街對(duì)面去。“莫德,”他叫道?!拔蚁胛易詈媒o你一點(diǎn)提醒,你的處境很危險(xiǎn)。” 阿提克斯轉(zhuǎn)過(guò)身,告訴我應(yīng)該撤了?!安灰僮屛铱吹侥阌脴屩钢魏稳?,”他說(shuō)。 |
Vocabulary: 1. dump-truck: 自卸式卡車(chē); sheriff:(美國(guó)的)縣治安官。 2. tribal: 部落的,部族的。 3. Tom Robinson: 一個(gè)在種植園工作的誠(chéng)實(shí)黑人,被誣陷犯有強(qiáng)奸罪。最終在逃跑中被射殺;attribute:(人或物的)特征,品質(zhì);inconspicuous: 不顯著的,不引人注目的;buzz: 低聲談?wù)?,散布;complimentary: 贊美的,恭維的。 4. bout: 較量,比賽。 5. tooth and nail: 拼命地,全力以赴地;upwards: 本義是“向上地”。根據(jù)西方人的親緣關(guān)系圖表,越往上則關(guān)系越為接近,third cousin 是屬于比較遠(yuǎn)的親戚,在表中位置靠下。 6. air-rifle: 氣槍。 7. rudiment: 基本原理,入門(mén)知識(shí)。 8. bluejay: 北美產(chǎn)的一種體型較大的藍(lán)色鳥(niǎo),有多種中文叫法,如藍(lán)松鴉、冠藍(lán)鴉、藍(lán)鳥(niǎo)、北美藍(lán)鳥(niǎo)等。它極其好斗,常常集體襲擊侵入者和掠奪者或驅(qū)趕其他鳥(niǎo)遠(yuǎn)離食物。 9. corncrib: 玉米穗倉(cāng)庫(kù)。 10. Nome: 美國(guó)南部地區(qū)的一些人將“No Ma'am” 讀成“Nome”。 11. tartly: 辛辣地,刻薄地。 12. Yessum: 美國(guó)南部地區(qū)的一些人將“Yes Ma'am” 讀成“Yessum”。 13. crouch: 蹲下,屈膝,蜷縮。 14. rear end: 臀部。 15. peril: 危險(xiǎn),冒險(xiǎn)。 16. break camp: 打好背包,撤離營(yíng)地。 |
Atticus's Quotes
阿提克斯精彩名言
“First of all, if you can learn a simple trick, Scout, you’ll get along a lot better with all kinds of folks. You never really understand a person until you consider things from his point of view, until you climb into his skin and walk around in it.”
“首先,如果你能學(xué)會(huì)一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的技巧,斯科特,你就能和形形色色的人相處得更好。你永遠(yuǎn)無(wú)法真正理解一個(gè)人,除非你從他的角度考慮問(wèn)題,除非你鉆進(jìn)他的身體,設(shè)身處地地想問(wèn)題。”
“The one thing that doesn't abide by majority rule is a person's conscience.”
“唯一不用遵守多數(shù)人決定制的事情就是一個(gè)人的良心?!?/p>
“Courage is not a man with a gun in his hand. It's knowing you're licked* before you begin but you begin anyway and you see it through no matter what. You rarely win, but sometimes you do.”
“勇氣不是一個(gè)人手里握有槍,而是你在開(kāi)始一件事情之前就知道會(huì)失敗,但你還是開(kāi)始了,并且無(wú)論發(fā)生什么,一路堅(jiān)持下來(lái)。贏的幾率很低,但偶爾你還是能贏。”
*lick:〈 俗〉擊敗,失敗。
(來(lái)源:英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)雜志 編輯:中國(guó)日?qǐng)?bào)網(wǎng)英語(yǔ)點(diǎn)津 陳丹妮)
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