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Hold High the Great Banner of Socialism with Chinese Characteristics and Strive for New Victories in Building a Moderately Prosperous Society in all Respects
Report to the Seventeenth National Congress of the Communist Party of China on Oct. 15, 2007
Hu Jintao
Comrades,
Now I would like to make a report to the Seventeenth National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC) on behalf of the Sixteenth Central Committee.
The Seventeenth Congress is one of vital importance being held at a crucial stage of China's reform and development. The theme of the congress is to hold high the great banner of socialism with Chinese characteristics, follow the guidance of Deng Xiaoping Theory and the important thought of Three Represents, thoroughly apply the Scientific Outlook on Development, continue to emancipate the mind, persist in reform and opening up, pursue development in a scientific way, promote social harmony, and strive for new victories in building a moderately prosperous society in all respects.
The great banner of socialism with Chinese characteristics is the banner guiding development and progress in contemporary China and rallying the whole Party and the people of all ethnic groups in the country in our common endeavor. Emancipating the mind is a magic instrument for developing socialism with Chinese characteristics, reform and opening up provide a strong driving force for developing it, and scientific development and social harmony are basic requirements for developing it. Building a moderately prosperous society in all respects is a goal for the Party and the state to reach by 2020, and represents the fundamental interests of the people of all ethnic groups.
The world today is undergoing extensive and profound changes, and contemporary China is going through a wide-ranging and deep-going transformation. This brings us unprecedented opportunities as well as unprecedented challenges, with the formeroutweighing the latter. The whole Party must unswervingly hold high the great banner of socialism with Chinese characteristics and lead the people in starting from this new historical point, grasping and making the most of the important period of strategic opportunities, staying realistic and pragmatic,forging ahead with determination, continuing to build a moderately prosperous society in all respects and accelerate socialist modernization, and accomplishing the lofty mission bestowed by the times.
I. The Work of the Past Five Years
The five years since the Sixteenth Congress was an extraordinary period. In order to accomplish the arduous tasks of reform and development in a complicated and volatile international situation, the Party led the people of all ethnic groups in holding high the great banner of Deng Xiaoping Theory and the important thought of Three Represents, overcoming difficulties and risks, creating a new situation in the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics and attaining a new realm in adapting Marxism to conditions in China.
At its Sixteenth Congress the Party established the important thought of Three Represents as its guide and made the strategic decision to build a moderately prosperous society in all respects. In order to implement the guiding principles of the congress, the Central Committee convened seven plenary sessions, at which it made decisions on and arrangements for major issues of overall significance such as deepening institutional restructuring, improving the socialist market economy, strengthening the governance capability of the Party, drawing up the Eleventh Five-Year Plan (2006-10), and building a harmonious socialist society; and it formulated and applied the Scientific Outlook on Development and other major strategic thoughts. All this helped the Party and the state score great new achievements.
Economic strength increased substantially. The economy sustained steady and rapid growth. The GDP expanded by an annual average of over 10%. Economic performance improved significantly, national revenue rose markedly year by year, and prices were basically stable. Efforts to build a new socialist countryside yielded solid results, and development among regions became more balanced. The endeavor to make China an innovative nation registered good progress, with considerable improvement in the country's capacity for independent innovation. Notable achievements were scored in the construction of infrastructure including energy, transport and telecommunications facilities and other key projects. Manned spaceflights were successfully conducted. Fresh progress was registered in energy, resources, ecological and environmental conservation. The Tenth Five-Year Plan (2001-05) was fulfilled successfully and implementation of the eleventh is in smooth progress.
Major breakthroughs were made in reform and opening up. Comprehensive reforms in rural areas gradually deepened; agricultural tax, livestock tax and taxes on special agricultural products were rescinded throughout the country; and policies were constantly strengthened to support and benefit agriculture, rural areas and farmers. Significant headway was made in reform of the state assets management system, state-owned enterprises, banking, public finance, taxation, investment, pricing, and the system for managing science and technology. The non-public sector of the economy grew stronger. A sound market system was being put in place, macroeconomic regulation continued to improve, and transformation of government functions was accelerated. The total volume of imports and exports increased sharply. Solid steps were taken in implementing the "go global" strategy, and the open economy entered a new stage of development.
Living standards improved significantly. Both urban and rural incomes increased considerably, and most families had more property than before. The system of subsistence allowances for urban and rural residents was basically in place, guaranteeing basic living conditions for the poor. Residents improved their consumption patterns, had increasingly better food, clothing, housing, transport and other daily necessities, and enjoyed markedly improved public services.
Fresh progress was registered in improving democracy and the legal system. Political restructuring progressed steadily. Constant improvement was made in the system of people's congresses, the system of multiparty cooperation and political consultation under the leadership of the CPC and the system of regional ethnic autonomy. Primary-level democracy increased its vitality. The cause of human rights witnessed sound development.The patriotic united front grew stronger. A socialist law system with Chinese characteristics was basically in place. The rule of law was effectively implemented as a fundamental principle. Reform of the government administration system and the judicial system continued to deepen.
A new situation was created in cultural development. Efforts to establish the system of socialist core values made steady headway and marked achievements were scored in the Project to Study and Develop Marxist Theory. Extensive efforts were made to raise ideological and ethical standards and the whole of society became more culturally advanced. Cultural restructuring made important progress, cultural programs and the cultural industry developed rapidly, and the people enjoyed a richer cultural life. Fresh progress was made inpublic fitness programs and competitive sports.
Social development proceeded in an all-round way. Education of various kinds and at different levels developed rapidly. Free compulsory education was made available in all rural areas. More job opportunities were created. The social security system was strengthened. The battle against SARS came to a great victory. The public health system and basic medical care constantly improved, contributing to better health of the people. Social management improved step by step. Social stability was ensured and the people lived and worked in peace and contentment.
Historic achievements were scored in the development of national defense and the armed forces. The revolution in military affairs with Chinese characteristics was accelerated. The armed forces were reduced by 200,000 troops. Efforts were intensified in all respects to make the armed forces more revolutionary, modernized and standardized, which notably increased their capacity to accomplish their historical missions at this new stage in the new century.
Work related to Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan affairs was intensified. Hong Kong and Macao maintained their prosperity and stability and developed closer economic partnership with the mainland. Political parties on both sides of the Taiwan Straits started communication, and cross-Straits visits as well as economic and cultural exchanges reached a new high. The Anti-Secession Law was enacted to resolutely safeguard China's sovereignty and territorial integrity.
Major progress was made in all-directional diplomacy. Pursuing an independent foreign policy of peace, China energetically carried out diplomatic activities, enhanced exchanges and cooperation with other countries in various fields and played a major constructive role in international affairs. This created a favorable international environment for building a moderately prosperous society in all respects.
The great new undertaking to build the Party made solid progress. Endeavors to strengthen the Party's governance capability and vanguard nature were intensified. Efforts to make theoretical innovations and arm Party members with the achievements proved successful. The campaign to educate Party members to preserve their vanguard nature yielded substantial results. Intra-Party democracy continued to expand. Major headway was made in strengthening the Party's leading bodies and the ranks of its cadres, and especially in educating and training cadres. Work in relation to talented personnel was strengthened. Efforts were stepped up to reform the cadre and personnel system and make innovations in the organizational system. Remarkable results were achieved in improving the Party's style of work, upholding integrity and combating corruption.
While recognizing our achievements, we must be well aware that they still fall short of the expectations of the people and that there are still quite a few difficulties and problems on our way forward. The outstanding ones include the following: Our economic growth is realized at an excessively high cost of resources and the environment. There remains an imbalance in development between urban and rural areas, among regions, and between the economy and society. It has become more difficult to bring about a steady growth of agriculture and continued increase in farmers' incomes. There are still many problems affecting people's immediate interests in areas such as employment, social security, income distribution, education, public health, housing, work safety, administration of justice and public order; and some low-income people lead a rather difficult life. More efforts are needed to promote ideological and ethical progress. The governance capability of the Party falls somewhat short of the need to deal with the new situation and tasks. In-depth investigations and studies have yet to be conducted on some major practical issues related to reform, development and stability. Some primary Party organizations are weak and lax. A small number of Party cadres are not honest and upright, their formalism and bureaucratism are quite conspicuous, and extravagance, waste, corruption and other undesirable behavior are still serious problems with them. We must pay close attention to these problems and continue our efforts to solve them.
To sum up, the past five years was a period in which substantial progress was made in reform, opening up and building a moderately prosperous society in all respects. During this period, China's overall strength grew considerably and the people enjoyed more tangible benefits. China's international standing and influence rose notably. The creativity, cohesion and combat effectiveness of the Party increased significantly, and the whole Party and the people of all ethnic groups became more united. Facts have proved that the major policy decisions made by the Central Committee at and since the Sixteenth Congress are perfectly correct.
Our achievements over the past five years are attributed to the concerted efforts of the whole Party and the people of all ethnic groups. On behalf of the Central Committee, I wish to express our heartfelt thanks to the people of all ethnic groups, the democratic parties, people's organizations and patriots from all walks of life, to our compatriots in the special administrative regions of Hong Kong and Macao and in Taiwan as well as overseas Chinese nationals, and to our foreign friends who care about and support China's modernization drive！
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高舉中國特色社會主義偉大旗幟 為奪取全面建設(shè)小康社會新勝利而奮斗
━━胡錦濤主席在中國共產(chǎn)黨第十七次全國代表大會上的報(bào)告
（2007年10月15日）
同志們:
現(xiàn)在，我代表第十六屆中央委員會向大會作報(bào)告。
中國共產(chǎn)黨第十七次全國代表大會，是在我國改革發(fā)展關(guān)鍵階段召開的一次十分重要的大會。大會的主題是：高舉中國特色社會主義偉大旗幟，以鄧小平理論和“三個(gè)代表”重要思想為指導(dǎo)，深入貫徹落實(shí)科學(xué)發(fā)展觀，繼續(xù)解放思想，堅(jiān)持改革開放，推動科學(xué)發(fā)展，促進(jìn)社會和諧，為奪取全面建設(shè)小康社會新勝利而奮斗。
中國特色社會主義偉大旗幟，是當(dāng)代中國發(fā)展進(jìn)步的旗幟，是全黨全國各族人民團(tuán)結(jié)奮斗的旗幟。解放思想是發(fā)展中國特色社會主義的一大法寶，改革開放是發(fā)展中國特色社會主義的強(qiáng)大動力，科學(xué)發(fā)展、社會和諧是發(fā)展中國特色社會主義的基本要求，全面建設(shè)小康社會是黨和國家到二０二０年的奮斗目標(biāo)，是全國各族人民的根本利益所在。
當(dāng)今世界正在發(fā)生廣泛而深刻的變化，當(dāng)代中國正在發(fā)生廣泛而深刻的變革。機(jī)遇前所未有，挑戰(zhàn)也前所未有，機(jī)遇大于挑戰(zhàn)。全黨必須堅(jiān)定不移地高舉中國特色社會主義偉大旗幟，帶領(lǐng)人民從新的歷史起點(diǎn)出發(fā)，抓住和用好重要戰(zhàn)略機(jī)遇期，求真務(wù)實(shí)，銳意進(jìn)取，繼續(xù)全面建設(shè)小康社會、加快推進(jìn)社會主義現(xiàn)代化，完成時(shí)代賦予的崇高使命。
一、過去五年的工作
十六大以來的五年是不平凡的五年。面對復(fù)雜多變的國際環(huán)境和艱巨繁重的改革發(fā)展任務(wù)，黨帶領(lǐng)全國各族人民，高舉鄧小平理論和“三個(gè)代表”重要思想偉大旗幟，戰(zhàn)勝各種困難和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，開創(chuàng)了中國特色社會主義事業(yè)新局面，開拓了馬克思主義中國化新境界。
十六大確立“三個(gè)代表”重要思想的指導(dǎo)地位，作出全面建設(shè)小康社會的戰(zhàn)略決策。為貫徹十六大精神，中央召開七次全會，分別就深化機(jī)構(gòu)改革、完善社會主義市場經(jīng)濟(jì)體制、加強(qiáng)黨的執(zhí)政能力建設(shè)、制定“十一五”規(guī)劃、構(gòu)建社會主義和諧社會等關(guān)系全局的重大問題作出決定和部署，提出并貫徹科學(xué)發(fā)展觀等重大戰(zhàn)略思想，推動黨和國家工作取得新的重大成就。
經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)力大幅提升。經(jīng)濟(jì)保持平穩(wěn)快速發(fā)展，國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值年均增長百分之十以上，經(jīng)濟(jì)效益明顯提高，財(cái)政收入連年顯著增加，物價(jià)基本穩(wěn)定。社會主義新農(nóng)村建設(shè)扎實(shí)推進(jìn)，區(qū)域發(fā)展協(xié)調(diào)性增強(qiáng)。創(chuàng)新型國家建設(shè)進(jìn)展良好，自主創(chuàng)新能力較大提高。能源、交通、通信等基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施和重點(diǎn)工程建設(shè)成效顯著。載人航天飛行成功實(shí)現(xiàn)。能源資源節(jié)約和生態(tài)環(huán)境保護(hù)取得新進(jìn)展。“十五”計(jì)劃勝利完成，“十一五”規(guī)劃進(jìn)展順利。
改革開放取得重大突破。農(nóng)村綜合改革逐步深化，農(nóng)業(yè)稅、牧業(yè)稅、特產(chǎn)稅全部取消，支農(nóng)惠農(nóng)政策不斷加強(qiáng)。國有資產(chǎn)管理體制、國有企業(yè)和金融、財(cái)稅、投資、價(jià)格、科技等領(lǐng)域改革取得重大進(jìn)展。非公有制經(jīng)濟(jì)進(jìn)一步發(fā)展。市場體系不斷健全，宏觀調(diào)控繼續(xù)改善，政府職能加快轉(zhuǎn)變。進(jìn)出口總額大幅增加，實(shí)施“走出去”戰(zhàn)略邁出堅(jiān)實(shí)步伐，開放型經(jīng)濟(jì)進(jìn)入新階段。
人民生活顯著改善。城鄉(xiāng)居民收入較大增加，家庭財(cái)產(chǎn)普遍增多。城鄉(xiāng)居民最低生活保障制度初步建立，貧困人口基本生活得到保障。居民消費(fèi)結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化，衣食住行用水平不斷提高，享有的公共服務(wù)明顯增強(qiáng)。
民主法制建設(shè)取得新進(jìn)步。政治體制改革穩(wěn)步推進(jìn)。人民代表大會制度、中國共產(chǎn)黨領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的多黨合作和政治協(xié)商制度、民族區(qū)域自治制度不斷完善，基層民主活力增強(qiáng)。人權(quán)事業(yè)健康發(fā)展。愛國統(tǒng)一戰(zhàn)線發(fā)展壯大。中國特色社會主義法律體系基本形成，依法治國基本方略切實(shí)貫徹。行政管理體制、司法體制改革不斷深化。
文化建設(shè)開創(chuàng)新局面。社會主義核心價(jià)值體系建設(shè)扎實(shí)推進(jìn)，馬克思主義理論研究和建設(shè)工程成效明顯。思想道德建設(shè)廣泛開展，全社會文明程度進(jìn)一步提高。文化體制改革取得重要進(jìn)展，文化事業(yè)和文化產(chǎn)業(yè)快速發(fā)展，人民精神文化生活更加豐富。全民健身和競技體育取得新成績。
社會建設(shè)全面展開。各級各類教育迅速發(fā)展，農(nóng)村免費(fèi)義務(wù)教育全面實(shí)現(xiàn)。就業(yè)規(guī)模日益擴(kuò)大。社會保障體系建設(shè)進(jìn)一步加強(qiáng)?？箵舴堑淙〉弥卮髣倮?，公共衛(wèi)生體系和基本醫(yī)療服務(wù)不斷健全，人民健康水平不斷提高。社會管理逐步完善，社會大局穩(wěn)定，人民安居樂業(yè)。
國防和軍隊(duì)建設(shè)取得歷史性成就。中國特色軍事變革加速推進(jìn)，裁減軍隊(duì)員額二十萬任務(wù)順利完成，軍隊(duì)革命化、現(xiàn)代化、正規(guī)化建設(shè)全面加強(qiáng)，履行新世紀(jì)新階段歷史使命能力顯著提高。
港澳工作和對臺工作進(jìn)一步加強(qiáng)。香港、澳門保持繁榮穩(wěn)定，與內(nèi)地經(jīng)貿(mào)關(guān)系更加緊密。兩岸政黨交流成功開啟，人員往來和經(jīng)濟(jì)文化交流達(dá)到新水平。制定反分裂國家法，堅(jiān)決維護(hù)國家主權(quán)和領(lǐng)土完整。
全方位外交取得重大進(jìn)展。堅(jiān)持獨(dú)立自主的和平外交政策，各項(xiàng)外交工作積極開展，同各國的交流合作廣泛加強(qiáng)，在國際事務(wù)中發(fā)揮重要建設(shè)性作用，為全面建設(shè)小康社會爭取了良好國際環(huán)境。
黨的建設(shè)新的偉大工程扎實(shí)推進(jìn)。黨的執(zhí)政能力建設(shè)和先進(jìn)性建設(shè)深入進(jìn)行。理論創(chuàng)新和理論武裝卓有成效。保持共產(chǎn)黨員先進(jìn)性教育活動取得重大成果。黨內(nèi)民主不斷擴(kuò)大。領(lǐng)導(dǎo)班子和干部隊(duì)伍建設(shè)特別是干部教育培訓(xùn)取得重要進(jìn)展，人才工作進(jìn)一步加強(qiáng)，干部人事制度改革和組織制度創(chuàng)新不斷深入。黨風(fēng)廉政建設(shè)和反腐敗斗爭成效明顯。
在看到成績的同時(shí)，也要清醒認(rèn)識到，我們的工作與人民的期待還有不小差距，前進(jìn)中還面臨不少困難和問題，突出的是：經(jīng)濟(jì)增長的資源環(huán)境代價(jià)過大；城鄉(xiāng)、區(qū)域、經(jīng)濟(jì)社會發(fā)展仍然不平衡；農(nóng)業(yè)穩(wěn)定發(fā)展和農(nóng)民持續(xù)增收難度加大；勞動就業(yè)、社會保障、收入分配、教育衛(wèi)生、居民住房、安全生產(chǎn)、司法和社會治安等方面關(guān)系群眾切身利益的問題仍然較多，部分低收入群眾生活比較困難；思想道德建設(shè)有待加強(qiáng)；黨的執(zhí)政能力同新形勢新任務(wù)不完全適應(yīng)，對改革發(fā)展穩(wěn)定一些重大實(shí)際問題的調(diào)查研究不夠深入；一些基層黨組織軟弱渙散；少數(shù)黨員干部作風(fēng)不正，形式主義、官僚主義問題比較突出，奢侈浪費(fèi)、消極腐敗現(xiàn)象仍然比較嚴(yán)重。我們要高度重視這些問題，繼續(xù)認(rèn)真加以解決。
總起來說，這五年，是改革開放和全面建設(shè)小康社會取得重大進(jìn)展的五年，是我國綜合國力大幅提升和人民得到更多實(shí)惠的五年，是我國國際地位和影響顯著提高的五年，是黨的創(chuàng)造力、凝聚力、戰(zhàn)斗力明顯增強(qiáng)和全黨全國各族人民團(tuán)結(jié)更加緊密的五年。實(shí)踐充分證明，十六大和十六大以來中央作出的各項(xiàng)重大決策是完全正確的。
五年來的成就，是全黨全國各族人民共同奮斗的結(jié)果。我代表中共中央，向全國各族人民，向各民主黨派、各人民團(tuán)體和各界愛國人士，向香港特別行政區(qū)同胞、澳門特別行政區(qū)同胞和臺灣同胞以及廣大僑胞，向一切關(guān)心和支持中國現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)的各國朋友，表示衷心的感謝！
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