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黨的十八大以來(lái),以習(xí)近平同志為核心的黨中央深刻洞察人類(lèi)前途命運(yùn)與時(shí)代發(fā)展大勢(shì),緊緊圍繞實(shí)現(xiàn)“兩個(gè)一百年”奮斗目標(biāo)和實(shí)現(xiàn)中華民族偉大復(fù)興中國(guó)夢(mèng),統(tǒng)籌國(guó)內(nèi)國(guó)際兩個(gè)大局,統(tǒng)籌發(fā)展安全兩件大事,積極推進(jìn)外交理論和實(shí)踐創(chuàng)新,為民族復(fù)興盡責(zé),為人類(lèi)進(jìn)步擔(dān)當(dāng),譜寫(xiě)了中國(guó)特色大國(guó)外交新篇章。
我們?cè)谶@里簡(jiǎn)要回顧一下黨的十八大以來(lái),我國(guó)在外交領(lǐng)域取得的一些成就。
建立多種伙伴關(guān)系
中國(guó)已經(jīng)與100多個(gè)國(guó)家和國(guó)際組織建立了伙伴關(guān)系,其中包括:
中拉全面合作伙伴關(guān)系(China-Latin America comprehensive cooperative partnership):2014年7月17日,中國(guó)-拉美和加勒比國(guó)家領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人會(huì)晤在巴西利亞舉行。習(xí)近平主席同與會(huì)各國(guó)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人一致決定建立平等互利、共同發(fā)展的中拉全面合作伙伴關(guān)系,共同宣布成立中國(guó)-拉共體論壇。
中美新型大國(guó)關(guān)系(new type of major-country relationship between the US and China):2015年9月17日,習(xí)近平主席在會(huì)見(jiàn)出席第七輪中美工商領(lǐng)袖和前高官對(duì)話(huà)的美方代表時(shí)表示,中國(guó)將致力于同美方共同構(gòu)建中美新型大國(guó)關(guān)系。新型大國(guó)關(guān)系(new model/type of major power relationship)是以相互尊重(mutual respect)、互利共贏(mutual benefit and win-win)的合作伙伴關(guān)系為核心特征的大國(guó)關(guān)系,是崛起國(guó)(developing country)和既成大國(guó)(developed country)之間處理沖突和矛盾的新方式。
中英全面戰(zhàn)略伙伴關(guān)系(China-UK comprehensive strategic partnership):2015年10月,習(xí)近平主席訪問(wèn)英國(guó)時(shí),雙方就雙邊關(guān)系(bilateral relations)及重大國(guó)際和地區(qū)熱點(diǎn)問(wèn)題深入交換意見(jiàn),并達(dá)成重要共識(shí)(important consensus),決定開(kāi)啟持久(enduring)、開(kāi)放(inclusive)、共贏(win-win)的中英關(guān)系“黃金時(shí)代”(a golden era)。
中巴全天候戰(zhàn)略合作伙伴關(guān)系(China-Pakistan all-weather strategic partnership of cooperation):2015年4月20日,習(xí)近平主席在伊斯蘭堡同巴基斯坦總理謝里夫舉行會(huì)談。雙方一致同意將中巴關(guān)系提升為全天候戰(zhàn)略合作伙伴關(guān)系,不斷充實(shí)中巴命運(yùn)共同體內(nèi)涵,致力于中巴世代友好。
中沙全面戰(zhàn)略伙伴關(guān)系(China-Saudi Arabia comprehensive strategic partnership):2016年1月19日,習(xí)近平主席在利雅得同沙特阿拉伯國(guó)王薩勒曼舉行會(huì)談。兩國(guó)元首積極評(píng)價(jià)中沙關(guān)系發(fā)展,就雙邊關(guān)系和共同關(guān)心的國(guó)際和地區(qū)問(wèn)題深入交換意見(jiàn),達(dá)成廣泛共識(shí),共同宣布建立中沙全面戰(zhàn)略伙伴關(guān)系,推動(dòng)雙邊關(guān)系深入發(fā)展,取得更大合作成果。
中瑞創(chuàng)新戰(zhàn)略伙伴關(guān)系(China-Switzerland innovative strategic partnership):2016年4月8日,習(xí)近平主席在人民大會(huì)堂同瑞士聯(lián)邦主席施奈德?阿曼舉行會(huì)談,兩國(guó)元首一致決定建立中瑞創(chuàng)新戰(zhàn)略伙伴關(guān)系,瑞士成為中國(guó)首個(gè)創(chuàng)新戰(zhàn)略伙伴關(guān)系國(guó)。這是對(duì)中瑞雙邊關(guān)系具有豐富而深刻內(nèi)涵以及重要意義的肯定,開(kāi)拓創(chuàng)新精神是中瑞關(guān)系發(fā)展的突出特點(diǎn)(the pioneering and innovative spirit is a distinct feature of China-Switzerland relations)。
中以創(chuàng)新全面伙伴關(guān)系(China-Israel innovative comprehensive partnership):2017年3月21日,習(xí)近平主席會(huì)見(jiàn)以色列總理內(nèi)塔尼亞胡,宣布雙方建立創(chuàng)新全面伙伴關(guān)系。中國(guó)作為世界經(jīng)濟(jì)大國(guó),正在實(shí)施創(chuàng)新驅(qū)動(dòng)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略(the innovation-driven development strategy),以色列在創(chuàng)新、研發(fā)領(lǐng)域具有全球公認(rèn)的領(lǐng)先地位(world-renowned and leading country in innovation, research and development)。繼續(xù)深化中以合作仍有巨大潛力,雙方在相互尊重和平等基礎(chǔ)上致力于開(kāi)拓和深化創(chuàng)新合作符合兩國(guó)和兩國(guó)人民的根本利益,對(duì)兩國(guó)發(fā)展具有深遠(yuǎn)意義。
中俄全面戰(zhàn)略協(xié)作伙伴關(guān)系(China-Russia comprehensive strategic partnership of coordination):2017年7月4日,習(xí)近平主席在莫斯科克里姆林宮同俄羅斯總統(tǒng)普京舉行會(huì)談。兩國(guó)元首決定攜手努力,鞏固和發(fā)展平等信任、相互支持、共同繁榮、世代友好的中俄全面戰(zhàn)略協(xié)作伙伴關(guān)系,更好惠及兩國(guó)人民和各國(guó)人民。
中俄關(guān)系進(jìn)入新階段
President Xi Jinping meets with his Russian counterpart Vladimir Putin on Sept 3, 2017, in Xiamen, Fujian province. [Photo/Xinhua] |
In the past five years, President Xi Jinping has visited Russia six times, bringing the number of meetings between the heads of state to more than 20.
過(guò)去5年間,習(xí)近平主席6次出訪俄羅斯,兩國(guó)元首會(huì)晤超過(guò)20次。
China and Russia also made breakthroughs in cooperation on natural gas pipelines, high-speed railways, aerospace and other major projects, in addition to coordination in multilateral mechanisms.
兩國(guó)在多邊機(jī)制方面協(xié)調(diào)合同的同時(shí),還在天然氣管道、高鐵、航空以及其他重點(diǎn)項(xiàng)目合作有突破性進(jìn)展。
The strategic coordination between China and Russia has contributed to regional stability and world peace.
中俄兩國(guó)的戰(zhàn)略協(xié)作為地區(qū)穩(wěn)定和世界和平作出了貢獻(xiàn)。
中美關(guān)系穩(wěn)步推進(jìn)
2013年中美元首在美國(guó)安納伯格莊園會(huì)晤、2014年在北京會(huì)晤。2015年9月22日至25日,習(xí)近平主席應(yīng)時(shí)任美國(guó)總統(tǒng)奧巴馬的邀請(qǐng)對(duì)美國(guó)進(jìn)行國(guó)事訪問(wèn)。雙方達(dá)成廣泛共識(shí),取得了一系列重要成果,其中包括,積極發(fā)展中美新型大國(guó)關(guān)系(the new model of major-country relationship between China and the United States)、在多個(gè)領(lǐng)域進(jìn)行雙邊務(wù)實(shí)合作(bilateral practical cooperation)、在不同層級(jí)上深化亞太事務(wù)對(duì)話(huà),努力構(gòu)建雙方在亞太積極互動(dòng)、包容合作的關(guān)系(deepen dialogue on Asia-Pacific affairs at various levels, endeavor to build a relationship of positive interaction and inclusive cooperation in the Asia-Pacific)等。
2017年4月6日,習(xí)近平主席與美國(guó)總統(tǒng)特朗普在加州海湖莊園(Mar-a-Lago)會(huì)晤。會(huì)晤期間,中美建立了外交安全對(duì)話(huà)(Diplomatic and Security Dialogue)、全面經(jīng)濟(jì)對(duì)話(huà)(Comprehensive Economic Dialogue)、執(zhí)法及網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全對(duì)話(huà)(Law Enforcement and Cyber Security Dialogue)、社會(huì)和人文對(duì)話(huà)(Social and Cultural Dialogue)4個(gè)高級(jí)別對(duì)話(huà)合作機(jī)制。
海湖莊園會(huì)晤后僅1個(gè)月時(shí)間,中美雙方宣布,已就經(jīng)濟(jì)合作百日計(jì)劃(100-day plan in economic cooperation)早期收獲達(dá)成10項(xiàng)共識(shí),涉及農(nóng)業(yè)、金融、能源等多個(gè)領(lǐng)域(sectors of agriculture, finance and energy);2017年6月,首輪中美外交安全對(duì)話(huà)在華盛頓舉行;7月,首輪中美全面經(jīng)濟(jì)對(duì)話(huà)舉行。
“一帶一路”倡議廣受支持
Over 100 countries and international organizations have supported and got involved in this initiative. Important resolutions passed by the UN General Assembly and Security Council contain reference to it.
全球100多個(gè)國(guó)家和國(guó)際組織積極支持和參與“一帶一路”建設(shè),聯(lián)合國(guó)大會(huì)、聯(lián)合國(guó)安理會(huì)等重要決議也納入“一帶一路”建設(shè)內(nèi)容。
China has signed cooperation agreements with over 40 countries and international organizations and carried out framework cooperation on production capacity with more than 30 countries.
中國(guó)同40多個(gè)國(guó)家和國(guó)際組織簽署了合作協(xié)議,同30多個(gè)國(guó)家開(kāi)展機(jī)制化產(chǎn)能合作。
China's investment in other Belt and Road countries has surpassed US$50 billion. Chinese companies have set up 56 economic cooperation zones in over 20 countries, generating some US$1.1 billion of tax revenue and 180,000 jobs for them.
中國(guó)對(duì)“一帶一路”沿線國(guó)家投資累計(jì)超過(guò)500億美元。中國(guó)企業(yè)已經(jīng)在20多個(gè)國(guó)家建設(shè)56個(gè)經(jīng)貿(mào)合作區(qū),為有關(guān)國(guó)家創(chuàng)造近11億美元稅收和18萬(wàn)個(gè)就業(yè)崗位。
China has engaged in multiple forms of financial cooperation with countries and organizations involved in the Belt and Road Initiative. The Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank has provided US$1.7 billion of loans for 9 projects in Belt and Road participating countries. The Silk Road Fund has made US$4 billion of investment, and the 16+1 financial holding company between China and Central and Eastern European countries has been inaugurated.
中國(guó)同“一帶一路”建設(shè)參與國(guó)和組織開(kāi)展了多種形式的金融合作。亞洲基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施投資銀行已經(jīng)為“一帶一路”建設(shè)參與國(guó)的9個(gè)項(xiàng)目提供17億美元貸款,“絲路基金”投資達(dá)40億美元,中國(guó)同中東歐“16+1”金融控股公司正式成立。
Every year, the Chinese government provides 10,000 government scholarships to the relevant countries. China's local governments have also set up special Silk Road scholarships to encourage international cultural and educational exchanges.
中國(guó)政府每年向相關(guān)國(guó)家提供1萬(wàn)個(gè)政府獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金名額,地方政府也設(shè)立了絲綢之路專(zhuān)項(xiàng)獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金,鼓勵(lì)國(guó)際文教交流。
中國(guó)護(hù)照含金量提高
中國(guó)公民護(hù)照 (圖片來(lái)源:新華網(wǎng))
A total of 131 countries have, by the end of July 2017, signed agreements with China on various kinds of mutual visa exemptions. Chinese citizens holding national passports in overseas trips can enjoy visa exemption or visa upon arrival in 64 countries and regions.
截止到2017年7月底,已有131個(gè)國(guó)家與中國(guó)簽訂各種形式的簽證互免協(xié)議。持有中國(guó)護(hù)照的公民出境游時(shí)可以在64個(gè)國(guó)家和地區(qū)享受免簽證或者落地簽。
積極參與地區(qū)合作
China has actively participated in regional cooperation mechanisms including the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO); ASEAN-China dialogue; ASEAN-China, Japan and Republic of Korea (ROK) (10+3) dialogue; East Asia Summit; China-Japan-ROK cooperation and Lancang-Mekong Cooperation.
中國(guó)積極參與地區(qū)合作,包括上海合作組織、東盟-中國(guó)對(duì)話(huà)、東盟與中日韓(10+3)對(duì)話(huà)、東亞峰會(huì)、中日韓合作以及瀾滄江-湄公河合作。
對(duì)外援助與維和不含糊
China provided $120 million worth of materials and funding and dispatched more than 1,200 medical personnel and public health specialists to the areas affected by Ebola.
中國(guó)向埃博拉病毒疫情感染地區(qū)提供了價(jià)值1.2億美元的物資和資金支持,同時(shí)派遣1200多名醫(yī)護(hù)人員和公共衛(wèi)生領(lǐng)域?qū)<仪巴咔楦腥镜貐^(qū)。
Currently there are some 2,500 Chinese peacekeepers serving in 10 UN missions across the globe, making China the top contributor of peacekeepers to the UN. China is also the second largest contributor to UN peacekeeping funds.
目前,全球各地的10個(gè)維和任務(wù)點(diǎn)共有2500名中國(guó)維和人員,使得中國(guó)成為聯(lián)合國(guó)維和外派人員最多的國(guó)家。同時(shí),中國(guó)向聯(lián)合國(guó)提供的維和資金支持位列全球第二。
朝鮮半島問(wèn)題很上心
In view of recent developments on the Korean Peninsula, China has put forward the proposal of "suspension for suspension", which builds on the "dual-track" approach we proposed earlier. The "dual-track" approach aims to promote parallel progress in denuclearization and the establishment of a peace mechanism on the Peninsula in a synchronized and reciprocal manner, ultimately achieving both goals simultaneously. The "suspension for suspension" proposal, which calls for the suspension of nuclear and missile activities by the DPRK and the suspension of massive military exercises by the US and the ROK, seeks to bring the two sides back to the negotiating table, thus initiating the first step of the "dual-track" approach.
中方根據(jù)半島形勢(shì)的發(fā)展,在此前提出“雙軌并行”思路以外,又提出了“雙暫?!背h?!半p軌并行”旨在按照同步對(duì)等原則,并行推進(jìn)實(shí)現(xiàn)半島無(wú)核化和建立半島和平機(jī)制兩條軌道,最終予以一并解決?!半p暫停”倡議則是通過(guò)朝鮮暫停核導(dǎo)活動(dòng),美韓暫停大規(guī)模軍演,推動(dòng)雙方回到談判桌前,啟動(dòng)“雙軌并行”的第一步。
綜合新華網(wǎng)、中國(guó)日?qǐng)?bào)網(wǎng)、外交部官網(wǎng)報(bào)道
(中國(guó)日?qǐng)?bào)網(wǎng)英語(yǔ)點(diǎn)津 馬文英)
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