中國網(wǎng)站品牌欄目（頻道）
三、2014年重點工作
III. Major Tasks for 2014
做好今年政府工作，要以深化改革為強大動力，以調(diào)整結(jié)構(gòu)為主攻方向，以改善民生為根本目的，統(tǒng)籌兼顧，突出重點，務(wù)求實效。
To deliver a good performance in the work of the government this year, we need to deepen reform so as to create powerful impetus, carry out structural adjustment as our main priority, and make improving people's wellbeing our fundamental goal. We need to take a holistic approach, focus on key areas, and achieve solid progress.
(一)推動重要領(lǐng)域改革取得新突破。
1. Making breakthroughs in reform in important areas
改革是今年政府工作的首要任務(wù)。要以經(jīng)濟體制改革為重點，區(qū)別情況，分類推進，抓好牽一發(fā)而動全身的舉措，力求取得實質(zhì)性進展，更多釋放改革紅利。
Reform is the top priority for the government's work this year. We will focus on economic structural reform, advance it on different fronts in a targeted way in light of different conditions, take key measures that will have an overall impact, strive to make substantive progress and reap more benefits reform.
深入推進行政體制改革。進一步簡政放權(quán)，這是政府的自我革命。今年要再取消和下放行政審批事項2OO項以上。深化投資審批制度改革，取消或簡化前置性審批，充分落實企業(yè)投資自主權(quán)，推進投資創(chuàng)業(yè)便利化。確需設(shè)置的行政審批事項，要建立權(quán)力清單制度，一律向社會公開。清單之外的，一律不得實施審批。全面清理非行政審批事項。
We will deepen reform of the administrative system. We will further streamline administration and delegate more power to lower-level governments. This is a revolution the government imposes on itself. This year, we will cancel or delegate to lower-level governments an additional 200 plus items requiring State Council review and approval. We will deepen reform of the investment approval system, abolish or simplify preliminary review and approval procedures, give businesses full power over their investment decisions, and make it easy to make investments and start businesses. We will introduce a system to list all items over which government review and approval are required and release the list to the public. No items not on the list will be subject to government review and approval. We will also comprehensively sort out items requiring nongovernmental review and approval.
基本完成省市縣政府機構(gòu)改革，繼續(xù)推進事業(yè)單位改革。在全國實施工商登記制度改革，落實認繳登記制，由先證后照改為先照后證，由企業(yè)年檢制度改為年報公示制度，讓市場主體不斷迸發(fā)新的活力。
We will basically complete the reform of government bodies at the provincial, municipal and county levels, and continue to reform public institutions. We will reform the business registration system nationwide and carry out registration of subscribed capital. Issuing an operating permit before a license, which was the practice in the past, will be replaced with the practice of license first, operating permit second. Annual inspections of businesses will be replaced by annual reporting to incentivize market actors.
加強事中事后監(jiān)管。堅持放管并重，建立縱橫聯(lián)動協(xié)同管理機制，實現(xiàn)責任和權(quán)力同步下放、放活和監(jiān)管同步到位。推廣一站式審批、一個窗口辦事，探索實施統(tǒng)一市場監(jiān)管。加快社會信用體系建設(shè)，推進政府信息共享，推動建立自然人、法人統(tǒng)一代碼，對違背市場競爭原則和侵害消費者權(quán)益的企業(yè)建立黑名單制度，讓失信者寸步難行，讓守信者一路暢通。
Stronger oversight will be exercised over delegated matters when they are being handled and after they have been handled. We will attach equal importance to both delegating power and strengthening oversight, establish a mechanism of coordinating management between government bodies at both the same and different levels, and ensure that both responsibility and power are delegated together and that relaxing control and strengthening oversight go hand in hand. We will expand the one-stop review and approval model and one-window services, and explore ways to conduct unified market oversight. We will move faster to put in place a social credibility system, share more government information between government departments and with the public, introduce unified codes for natural and legal persons, implement a blacklisting system for enterprises that violate market competition principles and infringe on the rights and interests of consumers, and make those who lose credibility pay the price and smooth the way for those who have credibility.
抓好財稅體制改革這個重頭戲。實施全面規(guī)范、公開透明的預(yù)算制度。著力把所有政府性收入納入預(yù)算，實行全口徑預(yù)算管理。各級政府預(yù)算和決算都要向社會公開，部門預(yù)算要逐步公開到基本支出和項目支出，所有財政撥款的“三公”經(jīng)費都要公開，打造陽光財政，讓群眾看明白、能監(jiān)督。
We will give high priority to reforming the fiscal and tax systems. We will institute a comprehensive, well-regulated, open and transparent budget system. We will work hard to incorporate all government revenue into the budget, and bring all revenue and expenditures under budgetary management. Governments at all levels should release their budgets and final accounts to the public, and budgets released by government bodies should progressively include details down to basic regular and project expenditures. In particular, all public spending on official overseas visits, official vehicles, and official hospitality should be made public. We will ensure transparency of public finance and make it easy for people to understand and oversee it.
提高一般性轉(zhuǎn)移支付比例，專項轉(zhuǎn)移支付項目要減少三分之一，今后還要進一步減少。推進稅收制度改革，把“營改增”試點擴大到鐵路運輸、郵政服務(wù)、電信等行業(yè)，清費立稅，推動消費稅、資源稅改革，做好房地產(chǎn)稅、環(huán)境保護稅立法相關(guān)工作。進一步擴展小微企業(yè)稅收優(yōu)惠范圍，減輕企業(yè)負擔。
We will increase the proportion of general transfer payments, and cut the number of special transfer payments by one third this year and continue to cut them in coming years. We will advance the reform of the tax system by taking the following steps: Extend trials for replacing business tax with VAT to the railway transport, postal and telecommunications services industries, abolish fees and replace them with taxes, reform the excise tax and resource tax, and move ahead with legislation on a property tax and environmental protection tax. We will grant additional tax breaks to micro businesses with low profits and reduce the burden on businesses.
抓緊研究調(diào)整中央與地方事權(quán)和支出責任，逐步理順中央與地方收入劃分，保持現(xiàn)有財力格局總體穩(wěn)定。建立規(guī)范的地方政府舉債融資機制，把地方政府性債務(wù)納入預(yù)算管理，推行政府綜合財務(wù)報告制度，防范和化解債務(wù)風險。
We will work faster on ways to adjust the power and spending responsibilities between central and local governments, and progressively adjust distribution of revenue between them while keeping the current division of financial resources between them basically stable. We will establish a standard financing mechanism for local governments to issue bonds and place local government debt under budgetary management. We will implement a comprehensive government financial reporting system and guard against and defuse debt risks.
深化金融體制改革。繼續(xù)推進利率市場化，擴大金融機構(gòu)利率自主定價權(quán)。保持人民幣匯率在合理均衡水平上的基本穩(wěn)定，擴大匯率雙向浮動區(qū)間，推進人民幣資本項目可兌換。穩(wěn)步推進由民間資本發(fā)起設(shè)立中小型銀行等金融機構(gòu)，引導(dǎo)民間資本參股、投資金融機構(gòu)及融資中介服務(wù)機構(gòu)。
We will deepen reform of the financial sector. We will continue to liberalize interest rates by granting financial institutions more power to set their interest rates. We will keep the renminbi exchange rate basically stable at an appropriate, balanced level, expand its floating range, and move toward renminbi convertibility under capital accounts. We will steadily promote the establishment of small and medium-sized banks and other financial institutions by private capital, and guide private capital to invest in or hold shares in financial institutions and intermediary financing services.
建立存款保險制度，健全金融機構(gòu)風險處置機制。實施政策性金融機構(gòu)改革。加快發(fā)展多層次資本市場，推進股票發(fā)行注冊制改革，規(guī)范發(fā)展債券市場。積極發(fā)展農(nóng)業(yè)保險，探索建立巨災(zāi)保險制度。
We will establish a deposit insurance system and improve the risk disposal mechanism of financial institutions. Reform in policy-based financial institutions will be carried out. We will speed up development of a multilevel capital market, advance the reform to introduce a system for stock issuance registration, and develop a well-regulated bond market. We will actively develop agricultural insurance and explore how to establish a catastrophe insurance system. We will develop inclusive finance.
促進互聯(lián)網(wǎng)金融健康發(fā)展，完善金融監(jiān)管協(xié)調(diào)機制，密切監(jiān)測跨境資本流動，守住不發(fā)生系統(tǒng)性和區(qū)域性金融風險的底線。讓金融成為一池活水，更好地澆灌小微企業(yè)、“三農(nóng)”等實體經(jīng)濟之樹。
We will promote the healthy development of Internet banking, improve the mechanism for coordinating financial oversight, keep a close watch on the cross-border flow of capital, and ensure that no systemic or regional financial risks occur. We will ensure that financial services play an active role in meeting the needs of the real economy, including small and micro businesses, agriculture, rural areas, and farmers.
增強各類所有制經(jīng)濟活力。堅持和完善基本經(jīng)濟制度。優(yōu)化國有經(jīng)濟布局和結(jié)構(gòu)，加快發(fā)展混合所有制經(jīng)濟，建立健全現(xiàn)代企業(yè)制度和公司法人治理結(jié)構(gòu)。完善國有資產(chǎn)管理體制，準確界定不同國有企業(yè)功能，推進國有資本投資運營公司試點。
We will enhance the vitality of economic entities under all forms of ownership. We will uphold and improve the basic economic system. We will improve the distribution and structure of the state-owned sector of the economy and accelerate the development of mixed-ownership economic entities. We will establish a sound modern corporate structure and corporate governance. We will improve the system for managing state-owned assets, clearly define the functions of different SOEs, and carry out trials of investing state capital in corporate operations.
完善國有資本經(jīng)營預(yù)算，提高中央企業(yè)國有資本收益上繳公共財政比例。
We will improve budgeting for state capital operations and raise the percentage of earnings from state capital turned over to public finance by central government-owned enterprises.
制定非國有資本參與中央企業(yè)投資項目的辦法，在金融、石油、電力、鐵路、電信、資源開發(fā)、公用事業(yè)等領(lǐng)域，向非國有資本推出一批投資項目。制定非公有制企業(yè)進入特許經(jīng)營領(lǐng)域具體辦法。實施鐵路投融資體制改革，在更多領(lǐng)域放開競爭性業(yè)務(wù)，為民間資本提供大顯身手的舞臺。完善產(chǎn)權(quán)保護制度，公有制經(jīng)濟財產(chǎn)權(quán)不可侵犯，非公有制經(jīng)濟財產(chǎn)權(quán)同樣不可侵犯。
We will formulate measures for non-state capital to participate in investment projects of central government enterprises, and allow non-state capital to participate in a number of projects in areas such as banking, oil, electricity, railway, telecommunications, resources development and public utilities. We will formulate specific measures to permit non-public enterprise participation in franchising. We will reform the railway investment and financing system, and open competitive operations in more areas so as to create a platform for the full participation of private capital. We will improve the property rights system to ensure that property rights are inviolable in both the public and non-public sectors.
(二)開創(chuàng)高水平對外開放新局面。
2. Ushering in a new phase of China's opening to the outside world and ensuring its high standard performance
開放與改革相伴而生、相互促進。要構(gòu)建開放型經(jīng)濟新體制，推動新一輪對外開放，在國際市場汪洋大海中搏擊風浪，倒逼深層次改革和結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整，加快培育國際競爭新優(yōu)勢。
Opening up and reform have been launched as integral parts of the same initiative as they are mutually reinforcing. We will foster a new open-economy system and advance a new round of opening up to embrace the international market. This will lead to deeper reform and structural adjustment and enable us to enhance China's ability to compete internationally.
擴大全方位主動開放。堅持積極有效利用外資，推動服務(wù)業(yè)擴大開放，打造內(nèi)外資企業(yè)一視同仁、公平競爭的營商環(huán)境，使中國繼續(xù)成為外商投資首選地。建設(shè)好、管理好中國上海自由貿(mào)易試驗區(qū)，形成可復(fù)制可推廣的體制機制，并開展若干新的試點。擴展內(nèi)陸沿邊開放，讓廣袤大地成為對外開放的熱土。
We will open China wider to the outside world in all areas. We will continue to utilize foreign investment actively and efficiently, open up more service sectors to foreign capital, and level the playing field for domestic and foreign enterprises to compete on fair terms so as to ensure that China remains a top choice for foreign investment. We will ensure the successful building and management of the China (Shanghai) Pilot Free Trade Zone so that this model can be copied and extended, and we will launch a number of new trials. We will open China's inland and border areas wider to the outside world, and turn these broad areas into hotspots for opening up.
從戰(zhàn)略高度推動出口升級和貿(mào)易平衡發(fā)展。今年進出口總額預(yù)期增長7.5％左右。要穩(wěn)定和完善出口政策，加快通關(guān)便利化改革，擴大跨境電子商務(wù)試點。實施鼓勵進口政策，增加國內(nèi)短缺產(chǎn)品進口。引導(dǎo)加工貿(mào)易轉(zhuǎn)型升級，支持企業(yè)打造自主品牌和國際營銷網(wǎng)絡(luò)，發(fā)展服務(wù)貿(mào)易和服務(wù)外包，提升中國制造在國際分工中的地位。鼓勵通信、鐵路、電站等大型成套設(shè)備出口，讓中國裝備享譽全球。
We will make it a strategic priority to upgrade exports and promote balanced growth of foreign trade. Total imports and exports are projected to grow at around 7.5% this year. We will keep export policies stable and improve them, accelerate reform to facilitate customs clearance, and extend trials of cross-border e-commerce. We will implement policies to encourage imports, and import more products in short supply in China. We will guide the transformation and upgrading of processing trade, support businesses in creating Chinese brands and developing international marketing networks, develop service trade and undertake services outsourced by other countries, and raise the position of Chinese manufacturing in the global division of labor. We will encourage the export of complete sets of large equipment including telecommunications equipment, railways equipment, and power stations, and enhance the international reputation of Chinese equipment.
在走出去中提升競爭力。推進對外投資管理方式改革，實行以備案制為主，大幅下放審批權(quán)限。健全金融、法律、領(lǐng)事等服務(wù)保障，規(guī)范走出去秩序，促進產(chǎn)品出口、工程承包與勞務(wù)合作。抓緊規(guī)劃建設(shè)絲綢之路經(jīng)濟帶、21世紀海上絲綢之路，推進孟中印緬、中巴經(jīng)濟走廊建設(shè)，推出一批重大支撐項目，加快基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施互聯(lián)互通，拓展國際經(jīng)濟技術(shù)合作新空間。
We will increase China's competitiveness through expanding its overseas business presence. We will carry out reform of the management of outbound investment so that such investment is mainly reported for the record, and delegate much of the review and approval power over such investment to lower-level governments. We will provide better financial, legal and consular services, ensure orderly overseas business operations, and boost the export of products, project contracting and labor services. We will intensify the planning and building of a Silk Road economic belt and a 21st century maritime Silk Road, and promote the building of the Bangladesh-China-India-Myanmar Economic Corridor and the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor. By launching a number of major projects, we will speed up infrastructure connectivity with our neighbors, and open up new space for enhancing international economic and technologic cooperation.
統(tǒng)籌多雙邊和區(qū)域開放合作。推動服務(wù)貿(mào)易協(xié)定、政府采購協(xié)定、信息技術(shù)協(xié)定等談判，加快環(huán)保、電子商務(wù)等新議題談判。積極參與高標準自貿(mào)區(qū)建設(shè)，推進中美、中歐投資協(xié)定談判，加快與韓國、澳大利亞、海灣合作委員會等自貿(mào)區(qū)談判進程。堅持推動貿(mào)易和投資自由化便利化，實現(xiàn)與各國互利共贏，形成對外開放與改革發(fā)展良性互動新格局。
We will engage in bilateral, multilateral and regional opening up and cooperation in a coordinated way. We will strive to make progress in negotiations on agreements concerning trade in services, government procurement and information technology, and speed up negotiations on new areas such as environmental protection and e-commerce. We will actively participate in developing high-standard free trade areas; continue negotiations on investment agreements with the United States and the European Union, and accelerate free trade area negotiations with the Republic of Korea, Australia, and the Gulf Cooperation Council. We will continue to promote trade and investment liberalization and facilitation, strive for mutual benefit with other countries, and ensure that opening up reinforces and is reinforced by reform and development.
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