中國網(wǎng)站品牌欄目（頻道）
二、2014年工作總體部署
II. General Work Arrangements for 2014
2014年，我國面臨的形勢依然錯綜復(fù)雜，有利條件和不利因素并存。世界經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)蘇存在不穩(wěn)定、不確定因素，一些國家宏觀政策調(diào)整帶來變數(shù)，新興經(jīng)濟(jì)體又面臨新的困難和挑戰(zhàn)。全球經(jīng)濟(jì)格局深度調(diào)整，國際競爭更趨激烈。我國支撐發(fā)展的要素條件也在發(fā)生深刻變化，深層次矛盾凸顯，正處于結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整陣痛期、增長速度換擋期，到了爬坡過坎的緊要關(guān)口，經(jīng)濟(jì)下行壓力依然較大。同時要看到，我國發(fā)展仍處在可以大有作為的重要戰(zhàn)略機(jī)遇期，工業(yè)化、城鎮(zhèn)化持續(xù)推進(jìn)，區(qū)域發(fā)展回旋余地大，今后一個時期保持經(jīng)濟(jì)中高速增長有基礎(chǔ)也有條件。我們必須防微慮遠(yuǎn)，趨利避害，一定要牢牢把握發(fā)展的主動權(quán)。
In 2014, we are still in a complex environment with both favorable and unfavorable factors. The world economic recovery still faces instability and uncertainties. Macro-policy adjustments made by some countries introduce new variables into the equation, and emerging economies are facing new difficulties and challenges. The global economy is undergoing profound adjustment and international competition is getting fiercer.We are at a critical juncture where our path upward is particularly steep: The basic conditions underpinning development are undergoing profound changes; deep-seated problems are surfacing; painful structural adjustments need to be made; the pace of economic growth is changing; and downward pressure on the economy remains great.At the same time, it should be noted that China has the foundation and conditions for maintaining a medium-high rate of economic growth for some time to come: We are still in an important period of strategic opportunity during which great progress can be made in China's development; industrialization and urbanization are being advanced; and there is considerable potential for regional development. We must address problems as they emerge, guard against latent problems, and keep the development initiative firmly in our hands.
今年政府工作的總體要求是：高舉中國特色社會主義偉大旗幟，以鄧小平理論、“三個代表”重要思想、科學(xué)發(fā)展觀為指導(dǎo)，全面貫徹落實(shí)黨的十八大和十八屆二中、三中全會精神，貫徹落實(shí)習(xí)近平同志系列重要講話精神，堅(jiān)持穩(wěn)中求進(jìn)工作總基調(diào)，把改革創(chuàng)新貫穿于經(jīng)濟(jì)社會發(fā)展各個領(lǐng)域各個環(huán)節(jié)，保持宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)政策連續(xù)性穩(wěn)定性，增強(qiáng)調(diào)控的前瞻性針對性，全面深化改革，不斷擴(kuò)大開放，實(shí)施創(chuàng)新驅(qū)動，堅(jiān)持走中國特色新型工業(yè)化、信息化、城鎮(zhèn)化、農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化道路，加快轉(zhuǎn)方式調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)促升級，加強(qiáng)基本公共服務(wù)體系建設(shè)，著力保障和改善民生，切實(shí)提高發(fā)展質(zhì)量和效益，大力推進(jìn)社會主義經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)、政治建設(shè)、文化建設(shè)、社會建設(shè)、生態(tài)文明建設(shè)，實(shí)現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟(jì)持續(xù)健康發(fā)展和社會和諧穩(wěn)定。
The overall requirements for the government's work this year are as follows:
Hold high the great banner of socialism with Chinese characteristics; take Deng Xiaoping Theory, the important thought of Three Represents and the Scientific Outlook on Development as our guide; comprehensively implement the guidelines of the Eighteenth National Party Congress and the second and third plenary sessions of the Eighteenth CPC Central Committee; implement the guiding principles of Comrade Xi Jinping's important speeches; adhere to the general work guideline of making progress while maintaining stability; carry out reform and innovation in all areas of economic and social development; maintain continuity and stability of our macroeconomic policies; make macro-control more forward-oriented and targeted; comprehensively deepen reform; constantly expand opening up; drive development through innovation; keep to the new path of industrialization, IT application, urbanization and agricultural modernization with distinctive Chinese features; accelerate transformation of the growth model, structural adjustments, and industrial upgrading; strengthen the development of the basic public service system; ensure and improve people's wellbeing; raise the quality and returns of development; promote socialist economic, political, cultural, social, and ecological advancement; and achieve sound and sustained economic development and social harmony and stability.
今年經(jīng)濟(jì)社會發(fā)展的主要預(yù)期目標(biāo)是：國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值增長7.5%左右，居民消費(fèi)價格漲幅控制在3.5%左右，城鎮(zhèn)新增就業(yè)1000萬人以上，城鎮(zhèn)登記失業(yè)率控制在4.6%以內(nèi)，國際收支基本平衡，努力實(shí)現(xiàn)居民收入和經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展同步。加強(qiáng)對增長、就業(yè)、物價、國際收支等主要目標(biāo)的統(tǒng)籌平衡。這里，著重對兩個目標(biāo)加以說明。
The following are the main targets we have set for China's economic and social development this year: Increase GDP by about 7.5%, keep the rise in the CPI at around 3.5%, create ten million more urban jobs, ensure that the registered urban unemployment rate does not rise above 4.6%, achieve basic balance in international payments, and increase personal incomes in step with economic development. We need to make overall planning for and balance major targets, namely, economic growth, employment, prices and international payments.
Here, I will speak more on two of the targets.
關(guān)于經(jīng)濟(jì)增長。我國仍是一個發(fā)展中國家，還處于社會主義初級階段，發(fā)展是解決我國所有問題的關(guān)鍵，必須牢牢扭住經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)這個中心，保持合理的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長速度。經(jīng)過認(rèn)真比較、反復(fù)權(quán)衡，把增長預(yù)期目標(biāo)定在7.5%左右，兼顧了需要和可能。這與全面建成小康社會的目標(biāo)相銜接，有利于增強(qiáng)市場信心，有利于調(diào)整優(yōu)化經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)。穩(wěn)增長更是為了保就業(yè)，既要滿足城鎮(zhèn)新增就業(yè)的需要，又要為農(nóng)村轉(zhuǎn)移勞動力進(jìn)城務(wù)工留出空間，根本上是為了增加城鄉(xiāng)居民收入、改善人民生活。實(shí)現(xiàn)今年經(jīng)濟(jì)增長目標(biāo)有不少積極因素，但必須付出艱辛努力。
On the target for economic growth: China is still a developing country in the primary stage of socialism, and development remains the key to solving all our country' s problems. We must keep economic development as the central task and maintain a proper economic growth rate. On the basis of careful comparison and repeatedly weighing various factors as well as considering what is needed and what is possible, we set a growth rate target of around 7.5%. This target is in keeping with our goal of finishing building a moderately prosperous society in all respects, and it will boost market confidence and promote economic structural adjustment. More importantly, stable growth ensures employment. We need both to meet the need to create new urban jobs and provide opportunities for rural migrant workers who come to cities for work. Ultimately, stable growth will ensure that urban and rural incomes increase and people's lives improve. There are many positive factors for fulfilling this year's target for economic growth, but to reach it, we must make arduous efforts.
關(guān)于價格水平。把居民消費(fèi)價格漲幅控制在3.5％左右，考慮了去年漲價翹尾影響和今年新漲價因素，也表明我們抑制通脹、保障民生的決心和信心。我國農(nóng)業(yè)連年增產(chǎn)，工業(yè)品總體上供大于求，糧食等物資儲備充裕，進(jìn)出口調(diào)節(jié)能力較強(qiáng)，保持物價總水平基本穩(wěn)定具備許多有利條件。但今年推動價格上漲的因素不少，不能掉以輕心，必須做好物價調(diào)控，切實(shí)防止對群眾生活造成大的影響。
On the target for controlling price increases: We hope to keep the rise in the CPI at around 3.5%. This is based on consideration of both the carry-over effect of last year's price rises and inflationary factors this year. It also demonstrates our resolve and confidence to keep inflation under control and ensure people's wellbeing. China's agricultural output has gone up for several years in a row; supply of manufactured goods on the whole exceeds demand; and we have substantial reserves of grain and other goods and materials. We are fully capable of adjusting supply and demand through import and export, and all these factors will help maintain basic stability in general prices. However, there are many factors driving up prices this year, so we must not lower our guard. We must keep prices under control to ensure that price increases do not exert a major negative impact on people's lives.
實(shí)現(xiàn)今年經(jīng)濟(jì)社會發(fā)展的目標(biāo)任務(wù)，要把握好以下原則和政策取向。
To fulfill this year's goals for economic and social development, we should adhere to the following principles and policies:
第一，向深化改革要動力。改革是最大的紅利。當(dāng)前改革已進(jìn)入攻堅(jiān)期和深水區(qū)，必須緊緊依靠人民群眾，以壯士斷腕的決心、背水一戰(zhàn)的氣概，沖破思想觀念的束縛，突破利益固化的藩籬，以經(jīng)濟(jì)體制改革為牽引，全面深化各領(lǐng)域改革。
First, we should create impetus by deepening reform. Reform has brought us the greatest benefits. China's reform has entered a critical stage and a deep water zone. We must rely fully on the people, break mental shackles and vested interests with great determination, and pursue economic structural reform as the key step to deepen comprehensive reform in all areas.
要從群眾最期盼的領(lǐng)域改起，從制約經(jīng)濟(jì)社會發(fā)展最突出的問題改起，從社會各界能夠達(dá)成共識的環(huán)節(jié)改起，使市場在資源配置中起決定性作用和更好發(fā)揮政府作用，積極推進(jìn)有利于結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整的改革，破除制約市場主體活力和要素優(yōu)化配置的障礙，讓全社會創(chuàng)造潛力充分釋放，讓公平正義得以彰顯，讓全體人民共享改革發(fā)展成果。
In carrying out reform, we need to focus on areas where the public call for reform is strongest, the most pressing problems hindering economic and social development, and links on which there is extensive public consensus. We need to ensure that the market plays the decisive role in allocating resources and make the government better play its role, vigorously advance reforms conducive to economic structural adjustment, remove constraints on market actors and efficiently allocating factors of production, fully tap the creative potential in society, promote fairness and justice, and enable everyone to share in the fruits of reform and development.
第二，保持經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)行處在合理區(qū)間。完善宏觀調(diào)控政策框架，守住穩(wěn)增長、保就業(yè)的下限和防通脹的上限，繼續(xù)實(shí)施積極的財(cái)政政策和穩(wěn)健的貨幣政策。今年擬安排財(cái)政赤字13500億元，比上年增加1500億元，其中中央財(cái)政赤字9500億元，由中央代地方發(fā)債4000億元。財(cái)政赤字和國債規(guī)模隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)總量擴(kuò)大而有所增加，但赤字率穩(wěn)定在2.1％，體現(xiàn)了財(cái)政政策的連續(xù)性。
Second, we should keep economic performance within a proper range. We will improve the macro-control policy framework, maintain a lower limit to ensure stable growth and employment and an upper limit to keep a cap on inflation, and continue to implement a proactive fiscal policy and a prudent monetary policy. The government budget deficit for this year is projected to be 1.35 trillion yuan, an increase of 150 billion yuan over last year. The projected government budget deficit consists of 950 billion yuan of central government deficit and 400 billion yuan of provincial-level government debt in the form of treasury bonds issued by the central government on provincial-level governments' behalf. The government deficit and national debt are increasing along with the growth in the whole economy. However, the deficit rate will be kept at 2.1%, which demonstrates continuity of our fiscal policy.
貨幣政策要保持松緊適度，促進(jìn)社會總供求基本平衡，營造穩(wěn)定的貨幣金融環(huán)境。加強(qiáng)宏觀審慎管理，引導(dǎo)貨幣信貸和社會融資規(guī)模適度增長。今年廣義貨幣M2預(yù)期增長13％左右。要加強(qiáng)財(cái)政、貨幣和產(chǎn)業(yè)、投資等政策協(xié)同配合，做好政策儲備，適時適度預(yù)調(diào)微調(diào)，確保中國經(jīng)濟(jì)這艘巨輪行穩(wěn)致遠(yuǎn)。
We will pursue a balanced monetary policy, move toward a basic balance between overall supply and demand in society, and foster a stable monetary and financial environment. We will strengthen macro-prudential management to encourage an appropriate increase of monetary credit and nongovernmental financing. This year, M2 is forecast to grow by around 13%. We will strengthen the coordination of fiscal and monetary policies with industrial and investment policies, maintain policy options, make adjustments at an appropriate time and to an appropriate degree, and ensure smooth sailing of the giant ship of China's economy.
第三，著力提質(zhì)增效升級、持續(xù)改善民生。我們追求的發(fā)展，是提高質(zhì)量效益、推進(jìn)轉(zhuǎn)型升級、改善人民生活的發(fā)展。要在穩(wěn)增長的同時，推動發(fā)展從主要依靠要素投入向更多依靠創(chuàng)新驅(qū)動轉(zhuǎn)變，從主要依靠傳統(tǒng)比較優(yōu)勢向更多發(fā)揮綜合競爭優(yōu)勢轉(zhuǎn)換，從國際產(chǎn)業(yè)分工中低端向中高端提升，從城鄉(xiāng)區(qū)域不平衡向均衡協(xié)調(diào)邁進(jìn)。
Third, we should work hard to raise the quality and returns of development, promote industrial upgrading and keep improving people's wellbeing. The development we seek is development that raises the quality and returns of development, promotes industrial transformation and upgrading, and improves people's lives. While maintaining steady growth, we need to shift from relying mainly on increasing input of factors of production to making development driven more by innovation, and from relying mainly on traditional comparative strengths to utilizing overall competitive advantages. We need to move up from the low to middle range of international division of labor to the middle to high range, and shift from unbalanced urban-rural development to coordinated and balanced development.
完善政績考核評價體系，切實(shí)把各方面積極性引導(dǎo)到加快轉(zhuǎn)方式調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)、實(shí)現(xiàn)科學(xué)發(fā)展上來，不斷增加就業(yè)和居民收入，不斷改善生態(tài)環(huán)境，使經(jīng)濟(jì)社會發(fā)展更有效率、更加公平、更可持續(xù)。
We will improve the system for evaluating officials' performance and get everyone involved in a common endeavor to accelerate transformation of the growth model, make structural adjustment and achieve sound development. This will steadily increase employment and personal incomes, improve the environment, and make China's economic and social development more efficient, equitable and sustainable.
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