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Facebook is 'dead and buried' to older teenagers, an extensive European study has found, as the key age group moves on to Twitter, Instagram, WhatsApp and Snapchat. Researching the Facebook use of 16-18 year olds in eight EU countries, the Global Social Media Impact Study found that as parents and older users saturate Facebook, its younger users are shifting to alternative platforms. "Facebook is not just on the slide - it is basically dead and buried," wrote Daniel Miller, lead anthropologist on the research team, who is professor of material culture of University College London. "Mostly they feel embarrassed to even be associated with it. Where once parents worried about their children joining Facebook, the children now say it is their family that insists they stay there to post about their lives." Teens do not care that alternative services are less functional and sophisticated, and they also unconcerned about how information about them is being used commercially or as part of surveillance practice by the security services, the research found. "What appears to be the most seminal moment in a young person’s decision to leave Facebook was surely that dreaded day your mum sends you a friend request," wrote Miller. "It is nothing new that young people care about style and status in relation to their peers, and Facebook is simply not cool anymore." In part of the study's research with Italian Facebook users, 40% of users had never changed their privacy settings and 80% said they "were not concerned or did not care" if their personal data was available and accessed, either by an organisation or an individual. Information that people choose to publish on Facebook has generally been through a psychological filtering process, researchers found - unlike conversations, photos and video shared through more private tools such as Skype, or on mobile apps. "Most individuals try to present themselves online the way they think society is expecting them to," wrote contributing anthropologist Razvan Nicolescu on Thursday. "It seems that social media works not towards change – of society, notions of individuality and connectedness, and so on – but rather as a conservative force that tends to strengthen the conventional social relations and to reify society as Italians enjoy and recognise it. "The normativity of the online presence seems to be just one expression of this process." |
一項(xiàng)廣泛的歐洲研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，一些稍大些的青少年不再使用Facebook，轉(zhuǎn)而使用Twitter、圖片分享應(yīng)用Instagram、即時(shí)通訊WhatsApp和閱后即焚照片應(yīng)用Snapchat。 全球社交媒體的影響研究（Global Social Media Impact Study）調(diào)查了歐盟的八個(gè)國家中16-18歲的Facebook用戶，發(fā)現(xiàn)隨著父母和年長的用戶滲透到Facebook，年少的用戶們紛紛轉(zhuǎn)向其他社交平臺(tái)。 英國倫敦大學(xué)的物質(zhì)文化教授丹尼爾·米勒帶領(lǐng)了一個(gè)人類文化學(xué)團(tuán)隊(duì)實(shí)施了這個(gè)調(diào)查。他寫道：“Facebook不僅僅是每況愈下這么簡單了——它基本上灰飛煙滅了?！?/p> “他們甚至以與Facebook有關(guān)聯(lián)為恥。家長曾經(jīng)不愿孩子上Facebook，而現(xiàn)在孩子們說，是家長堅(jiān)持讓他們上網(wǎng)分享自己的生活。” 這項(xiàng)調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)，雖然其他社交平臺(tái)功能不全、不完善，但是青少年們并不在意。他們也不擔(dān)心自己的信息被用于商業(yè)活動(dòng)或是被情報(bào)機(jī)構(gòu)監(jiān)視。 米勒寫道：“看起來，年輕人摒棄臉譜網(wǎng)的最大原因無疑是看到母親給自己的好友發(fā)送交友請(qǐng)求?！?/p> “這不是什么新鮮事：年輕人希望與同齡人在風(fēng)格地位上保持同步，而Facebook已不酷了?！?/p> 在這項(xiàng)調(diào)查的意大利Facebook用戶有關(guān)的部分中，40%的用戶從未更改隱私設(shè)置，80%的人稱自己“不擔(dān)心也不在乎”他們的個(gè)人信息是否會(huì)被組織或個(gè)人盜取。 調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)，人們?cè)贔acebook上公開的信息通常經(jīng)過心理過濾的過程。這不同于更為私人工具，如Skype或手機(jī)應(yīng)用上分享過的對(duì)話、圖片和視頻。 12月26日，參與調(diào)查的人類學(xué)家拉茲萬·尼克勒素寫道：“大部分人希望自己的網(wǎng)絡(luò)形象符合社會(huì)預(yù)期。” “看起來社交媒體的工作并未改變，如社交、個(gè)性化和聯(lián)系等等。但是就像意大利人想的那樣，它倒是一個(gè)加固傳統(tǒng)社會(huì)關(guān)系，是社會(huì)具象化的守恒力?！?/p> “網(wǎng)絡(luò)活動(dòng)的規(guī)范性是此過程的表現(xiàn)之一?！?/p> （譯者 陳慧潔buaa 編輯 丹妮） |
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