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The surviving parts of the world's oldest Bible were reunited online Monday, generating excitement among scholars striving to unlock its mysteries.
The Codex Sinaiticus was hand-written by four scribes in Greek on animal hide, known as vellum, in the mid-fourth century around the time of the Roman emperor Constantine the Great who embraced Christianity.
Not all of it has withstood the ravages of time, but the pages that have include the whole of the New Testament and the earliest surviving copy of the Gospels written at different times after Christ's death by the four Evangelists: Matthew, Mark, Luke and John.
The Bible's remaining 800 pages and fragments -- it was originally some 1,400 pages long -- also contain half of a copy of the Old Testament. The other half has been lost.
"The Codex Sinaiticus is one of the world's greatest written treasures," said Scot McKendrick, head of Western manuscripts at the British Library.
"This 1,600-year-old manuscript offers a window into the development of early Christianity and first-hand evidence of how the text of the Bible was transmitted from generation to generation," he said.
The ancient parchments, which appear almost translucent, are a collection of sections held by the British Library in London, the Monastery of St. Catherine in Sinai, Egypt, the National Library of Russia and Leipzig University Library in Germany.
Each institution owns different amounts of the manuscript, but the British Library, which digitised the delicate pages of the entire book in London, holds by far the most.
The four-year joint project, which began in 2005 with the aim of "virtually reunifying" and preserving the Bible, as well as undertaking new research into its history, has shed new light on who made it and how it was produced.
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(Agencies)
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本周一，現(xiàn)存最古老的圣經(jīng)（西奈抄本）在網(wǎng)上“大團(tuán)圓”，這令那些一直試圖破解其奧秘的學(xué)者大為興奮。
四世紀(jì)中期，大約在羅馬君士坦丁大帝開始信奉基督教的時(shí)候，西奈抄本由四位抄寫員用希臘文寫在動(dòng)物皮（即羊皮紙）上。
西奈抄本沒能完全抵擋住時(shí)間的摧殘，但是保留下來的書頁中包括新約中的全部?jī)?nèi)容以及最早版本的福音書。這個(gè)版本由馬太、馬可、路加和約翰四位福音書作者在基督死后的不同時(shí)期撰寫。
圣經(jīng)中余下的800頁和殘片還包含了舊約的一半內(nèi)容，另外一半已經(jīng)丟失了。圣經(jīng)原書有1400多頁。
大英圖書館西方手稿部部長(zhǎng)斯科特·麥克肯德瑞克說：“西奈抄本是世界上最偉大的寫作珍寶之一”。
他說：“這份擁有長(zhǎng)達(dá)1600年歷史的手稿為人們了解早期基督教的發(fā)展打開了一扇窗戶，讓人們能夠得到圣經(jīng)如何代代相傳的第一手資料，”
這些幾近透明的古老的羊皮紙，分別由倫敦的大英圖書館、埃及西奈的圣凱瑟琳修道院、俄羅斯國(guó)立圖書館和德國(guó)萊比錫大學(xué)圖書館收藏。
每一個(gè)機(jī)構(gòu)都擁有不同數(shù)量的手稿，但是大英圖書館所保存的手稿數(shù)量是迄今以來最多的，它將整本書的每一張脆弱的書頁都做了數(shù)字化備份。
該合作項(xiàng)目始于2005年，歷時(shí)四年的，目的是“虛擬復(fù)合”和保存圣經(jīng)，并對(duì)圣經(jīng)的歷史進(jìn)行新的研究。這一項(xiàng)目為研究誰造出了圣經(jīng)以及圣經(jīng)是如何產(chǎn)生的問題提供了新的線索。
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（英語點(diǎn)津 陳丹妮編輯） |
