全國(guó)人民代表大會(huì)常務(wù)委員會(huì)是全國(guó)人民代表大會(huì)的常設(shè)機(jī)關(guān)。它在全國(guó)人民代表大會(huì)閉會(huì)期間，行使最高國(guó)家權(quán)力，受全國(guó)人民代表大會(huì)監(jiān)督，對(duì)全國(guó)人民代表大會(huì)負(fù)責(zé)并報(bào)告工作。
??? Permanent body of the NPC, the Standing Committee, when the NPC is not in session, exercises the power of the highest state organ, is under the supervision of the full congress of the NPC, is responsible to and reports its work to the full congress of the NPC.

全國(guó)人大常委會(huì)由委員長(zhǎng)、副委員長(zhǎng)若干人、秘書(shū)長(zhǎng)和委員若干人組成。常務(wù)委員會(huì)的組成人員，由全國(guó)人民代表大會(huì)從代表中選出。在全國(guó)人大常委會(huì)的委員當(dāng)中，一般應(yīng)該包括：（1）中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨的代表；（2）各民主黨派和無(wú)黨派愛(ài)國(guó)民主人士的代表；（3）工、青、婦等社會(huì)團(tuán)體的代表；（4）人民解放軍的代表；（5）人口在100萬(wàn)人以上的各少數(shù)民族代表。
??? The Standing Committee is composed of the chairman, vice chairmen, the secretary-general and members. All of its component members are elected from among the deputies to the NPC. Normally, they represent: (1) the Communist Party; (2) other political parties and patriotic and democratic personages not affiliated to any political party; (3) social organizations of workers, youth and women; (4) the People's Liberation Army; and (5) ethnic minorities each with a population more than a million.

全國(guó)人大常委會(huì)的每屆任期與全國(guó)人大每屆任期相同，都是5年。但全國(guó)人大常委會(huì)任期的計(jì)算方法是：從本屆全國(guó)人大第一次會(huì)議選舉產(chǎn)生常委會(huì)開(kāi)始，到下屆全國(guó)人大第一次會(huì)議產(chǎn)生新的常委會(huì)時(shí)止。全國(guó)人大常委會(huì)的委員長(zhǎng)和副委員長(zhǎng)連續(xù)任職不得超過(guò)兩屆。同時(shí)，全國(guó)人大常委會(huì)的組成人員不得擔(dān)任國(guó)家行政機(jī)關(guān)、審判機(jī)關(guān)和檢察機(jī)關(guān)的職務(wù)；如果擔(dān)任上述職務(wù)，則必須向全國(guó)人大常委會(huì)辭去常委會(huì)中的職務(wù)。
??? The term of office of the Standing Committee, also five years, is the same as that of the NPC. It, however, begins with the election of the Standing Committee by the 1st session of the NPC and ends with the election of the new Standing Committee at the 1st session of the following NPC. The chairman and vice chairmen of the Standing Committee shall not serve more than two consecutive terms. Meanwhile, component members of the Standing Committee shall not serve in administrative, judicial or persecuting organs of the state. If they assume posts in such organs, they must first give up their position in the Standing Committee.

全國(guó)人民代表大會(huì)常務(wù)委員會(huì)委員長(zhǎng)主持常務(wù)委員會(huì)的工作，副委員長(zhǎng)、秘書(shū)長(zhǎng)協(xié)助委員長(zhǎng)工作。委員長(zhǎng)、副委員長(zhǎng)、秘書(shū)長(zhǎng)組成委員長(zhǎng)會(huì)議，處理常務(wù)委員會(huì)的重要日常工作。常務(wù)委員會(huì)的會(huì)議，一般每2個(gè)月舉行一次；有特殊需要的時(shí)候，可以臨時(shí)召集會(huì)議。
??? The chairman of the Standing Committee of the NPC presides over the work of the Standing Committee and the vice chairmen and the secretary-general assist the chairman in his work. The Meeting of the Chairmen, attended by the chairman, vice chairmen and the secretary-general, is in charge of important routine work of the Standing Committee. This Meeting is held once every two months and special sessions may be convened whenever necessary.

歷屆全國(guó)人民代表大會(huì)常務(wù)委員會(huì)委員長(zhǎng)為：劉少奇、朱德、葉劍英、彭真、萬(wàn)里、喬石、李鵬、吳邦國(guó)。
??? The chairmen of the Standing Committee of the 1st to the 10th NPC have been Liu Shaoqi, Zhu De, Ye Jianying, Peng Zhen, Wan Li, Qiao Shi, Li Peng and Wu Bangguo.

根據(jù)憲法和《全國(guó)人民代表大會(huì)組織法》的規(guī)定，全國(guó)人民代表大會(huì)常務(wù)委員會(huì)的職權(quán)包括：
??? In accordance with the Constitution and the Organization Law of the National People's Congress, the functions and powers of the Standing Committee include the following:

1．立法權(quán)。依據(jù)現(xiàn)行憲法的規(guī)定，全國(guó)人大常委會(huì)和全國(guó)人大共同行使立法權(quán)。主要包括：制定和修改除應(yīng)當(dāng)由全國(guó)人民代表大會(huì)制定的法律以外的其他法律；在全國(guó)人民代表大會(huì)閉會(huì)期間，對(duì)全國(guó)人民代表大會(huì)制定的法律進(jìn)行部分補(bǔ)充和修改，但是不得同該法律的基本原則相抵觸。這樣，除了憲法和基本法律外，大量的立法工作都由全國(guó)人大常委會(huì)承擔(dān)。
??? 1. Legislation. According to the present Constitution, the NPC and its Standing Committee jointly exercise the power of legislation. The legislative rights of the Standing Committee mainly include: drafting and revising laws except those to be enacted only by the full congress of the NPC; partially supplementing and amending, when the NPC is not in session, laws enacted by the NPC, provided that the basic principles of these laws are not contravened. As a result, a large amount of the legislative job is conducted by the Standing Committee, with the exception of that involving the Constitution and basic laws.

2．憲法和法律的解釋權(quán)。解釋?xiě)椃?，即?duì)法律條文本身需要進(jìn)一步明確界限或作補(bǔ)充規(guī)定而作的立法解釋。這樣便于從立法的角度及時(shí)回答和解決憲法和法律實(shí)施過(guò)程中提出的問(wèn)題，保障憲法和法律的準(zhǔn)確實(shí)施。
??? 2. Interpretation of the Constitution and laws. Interpretation of the Constitution means legislative explanations that are needed for further defining the legal stipulations or serving as supplements. This is in the interest of timely answering and solving questions arising over the process of implementing the Constitution or laws from a legal point of view, so as to ensure the accurate execution of the Constitution and laws.

3．憲法實(shí)施的監(jiān)督權(quán)?，F(xiàn)行憲法除規(guī)定全國(guó)人大監(jiān)督憲法的實(shí)施外，還賦予全國(guó)人大常委會(huì)以監(jiān)督憲法實(shí)施的職權(quán)。全國(guó)人大常委會(huì)是全國(guó)人大的常設(shè)機(jī)構(gòu)，由它行使這一職權(quán)，便于對(duì)憲法的實(shí)施進(jìn)行經(jīng)常性的監(jiān)督。這對(duì)于保障憲法的實(shí)施具有重大意義。
??? 3. Supervision of the enforcement of the Constitution. The present Constitution also gives the Standing Committee of the NPC the power of supervising its enforcement, apart from stipulating that the NPC has the power of supervision. To allow the Standing Committee, the permanent organ of the NPC, to exercise regular supervision over the enforcement of the Constitution is of great significance to the implementation of the Constitution.

4．對(duì)其他國(guó)家機(jī)關(guān)工作的監(jiān)督權(quán)。全國(guó)人民代表大會(huì)常務(wù)委員會(huì)監(jiān)督國(guó)務(wù)院、中央軍事委員會(huì)、最高人民法院和最高人民檢察院的工作；撤銷(xiāo)由國(guó)務(wù)院制定的同憲法、法律相抵觸的行政法規(guī)、決定和命令；撤銷(xiāo)省、自治區(qū)、直轄市國(guó)家權(quán)力機(jī)關(guān)制定的同憲法、法律和行政法規(guī)相抵觸的地方性法規(guī)和決議。
??? 4. Supervision of the work of other state organs. The Standing Committee supervises the work of the State Council, the Central Military Commission, the Supreme People's Court and the Supreme People's Procuratorate. It annuls those administrative rules and regulations, decisions or orders of the State Council that contravene the Constitution and laws, as well as those local regulations or decisions of the organs of state power of provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the Central Government that contravene the Constitution or the administrative rules and regulations.

5．對(duì)其他國(guó)家機(jī)關(guān)工作人員的人事任免權(quán)。在全國(guó)人民代表大會(huì)閉會(huì)期間，根據(jù)國(guó)務(wù)院總理的提名，決定國(guó)務(wù)院的部長(zhǎng)、委員會(huì)主任、審計(jì)長(zhǎng)、秘書(shū)長(zhǎng)的人選；在全國(guó)人民代表大會(huì)閉會(huì)期間，根據(jù)中央軍事委員會(huì)主席的提名，決定中央軍事委員會(huì)其他組成人員的人選；根據(jù)最高人民法院院長(zhǎng)的提請(qǐng)，任免最高人民法院副院長(zhǎng)、審判員、審判委員會(huì)委員和軍事法院院長(zhǎng)；根據(jù)最高人民檢察院檢察長(zhǎng)的提請(qǐng)，任免最高人民檢察院副檢察長(zhǎng)、檢察員、檢察委員會(huì)委員和軍事檢察院檢察長(zhǎng)，并且批準(zhǔn)省、自治區(qū)、直轄市的人民檢察院檢察長(zhǎng)的任免；決定國(guó)家駐外全權(quán)代表的任免。
??? 5. Appointment and removal. When the NPC is not session, the Standing Committee decides on the choice of ministers in charge of ministries and state commissions, the auditor-general or the secretary-general of the State Council, upon nomination by the premier of the State Council, decide on the choice of members of the Central Military Commission, upon nomination by the Chairman of the Central Military Commission, appoint or remove vice presidents and judges of the Supreme People's Court, members of its judicial committee and the president of the Military Court, at the recommendation of the president of the Supreme People's Court, appoint or remove deputy procurators-general and procurators of the Supreme People's Procuratorate, members of its procuratorial committee and the chief procurator of the Military Procuratorate, and approve the appointment or removal of the chief procurators of the people's procuratorates of provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the Central Government, at the recommendation of the procurator-general of the Supreme People's Procuratorate. It also decides on the appointment or recall of plenipotentiary representatives abroad.

6．對(duì)國(guó)家生活中重要問(wèn)題的決定權(quán)。這一職權(quán)包括：決定同外國(guó)締結(jié)的條約和重要協(xié)定的批準(zhǔn)和廢除；規(guī)定軍人和外交人員的銜級(jí)制度和其他專(zhuān)門(mén)銜級(jí)制度；規(guī)定和決定授予國(guó)家的勛章和榮譽(yù)稱(chēng)號(hào)；決定特赦；在全國(guó)人民代表大會(huì)閉會(huì)期間，如果遇到國(guó)家遭受武裝侵犯或者必須履行國(guó)際間共同防止侵略的條約的情況，決定戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)狀態(tài)的宣布；決定全國(guó)總動(dòng)員或者局部動(dòng)員；決定全國(guó)或者個(gè)別省、自治區(qū)、直轄市的戒嚴(yán)；在全國(guó)人民代表大會(huì)閉會(huì)期間，審查和批準(zhǔn)國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)發(fā)展計(jì)劃、國(guó)家預(yù)算在執(zhí)行過(guò)程中所必須做的部分調(diào)整方案。
??? 6. Decision-making over important issues in the life of the state. This includes decision on the ratification or abrogation of treaties and important agreements concluded with foreign states, institution of systems of titles and ranks for military and diplomatic personnel and of other special ranks, instituting state medals and titles or honors and decision on their conferment, decision on the granting of special pardons, decision on, when the NPC is not in session, the proclamation of a state of war in the event of armed attack on the country or in fulfillment of international treaty obligations concerning joint resistance against aggression, decision on general or partial mobilization, decision on the imposition of martial law throughout the country or in particular provinces, autonomous regions or municipalities directly under the Central Government, examination and approval of, when the NPC is not in session, partial adjustment to the national economic and social development plans and state budget which are necessary during the course of their implementation.

7．全國(guó)人民代表大會(huì)授予的其他職權(quán)。除上述職權(quán)外，全國(guó)人大常委會(huì)還有權(quán)執(zhí)行全國(guó)人大授予的其他職權(quán)。如：主持全國(guó)人民代表大會(huì)代表的選舉，召集全國(guó)人民代表大會(huì)的會(huì)議，聯(lián)系全國(guó)人大代表，并組織他們視察，在全國(guó)人大閉會(huì)期間，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)各專(zhuān)門(mén)委員會(huì)的工作，等等。
??? 7. Other functions and powers delegated by the NPC. These may include presiding over the election of the deputies to the NPC, convening sessions of the NPC, contacting NPC deputies and organizing them to make inspection and providing leadership over special committees when the NPC is not in session.

(來(lái)源：中國(guó)網(wǎng)，編輯 Helen)