For the last seven decades, Japan has been a rather inward looking nation, not much engaged either with its neighbors or the world beyond in other than purely economic concerns: trade and outward foreign direct investment.
過(guò)去70年間，日本基本算是個(gè)內(nèi)向型國(guó)家（inward looking nation），除純粹的經(jīng)濟(jì)問(wèn)題，即貿(mào)易及對(duì)外直接投資以外，很少參與鄰國(guó)及全球的事務(wù)。

Beyond the purely economic dimensions, Japan cannot claim to have been an active Asian, let alone global citizen. Indeed, in many ways Japan has remained closed to its neighbors. The so-called Asian NIEs (newly industrialized economies) were able to achieve export-driven growth by penetrating, and profiting from, American and European markets, not that of their rich neighbor Japan.
在純經(jīng)濟(jì)領(lǐng)域之外，日本不能說(shuō)是一個(gè)活躍的“亞洲公民”，更稱不上是活躍的“世界公民”了。的確，日本在很多方面都對(duì)鄰國(guó)采取封閉態(tài)度。所謂的亞洲新興工業(yè)化經(jīng)濟(jì)體（newly industrialized economies，NIEs）當(dāng)年是依靠打入歐美市場(chǎng)，而非其富裕的鄰國(guó)日本，出口產(chǎn)品賺取利潤(rùn)來(lái)發(fā)展經(jīng)濟(jì)。

This is one of the many differences between Germany and Japan. Germany has been the major market for its European neighbors, including the emerging East European economies. In contrast, Japan has not played the role of a regional economic locomotive.
這也是德國(guó)與日本的諸多區(qū)別之一。德國(guó)已成為其歐洲鄰國(guó)（包括新興的東歐經(jīng)濟(jì)體）的主要貿(mào)易市場(chǎng)，而日本在拉動(dòng)地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)方面并未發(fā)揮有力作用。

The other major difference between Germany and Japan is that, while the former has atoned for its atrocities and has reconciled peacefully with its neighbors, Japan has not.
德日的另一個(gè)重要區(qū)別在于，德國(guó)已經(jīng)為它曾經(jīng)犯下的暴行贖罪，并且與鄰國(guó)冰釋前嫌，日本則不然。

The fact that Japan should be redefining its military role raises many questions, especially because of the way two security bills were railroaded through parliament. Polls indicate that two-thirds of the Japanese people are opposed to the bills. There have been demonstrations and petitions against them in Japan.
日本試圖改變其軍事定位的做法引發(fā)了很多質(zhì)疑，尤其考慮到兩次安保法案都是由國(guó)會(huì)強(qiáng)行通過(guò)。調(diào)查顯示2/3的日本民眾反對(duì)新安保法案。為此，日本民眾曾多次舉行抗議和請(qǐng)?jiān)富顒?dòng)。

Fundamentally, however, the fact that Japan has not been an active Asian citizen would not have per se caused grave concern. What is worrying is that this is happening in conjunction with the increasingly strident nationalism and revisionism of the Japanese political leadership.
然而，從本質(zhì)上說(shuō)，日本并非積極的“亞洲公民”這一事實(shí)本身并不必令人十分擔(dān)憂，此時(shí)正值日本政治領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人越發(fā)強(qiáng)硬地推行其民族主義和修正主義思想，這才是真正令人擔(dān)憂的。

Although Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe has refrained from visiting Yasukuni Shrine which, among others honors 14 Class-A war criminals, after 2013 visit because of intense international pressure, many other prominent Japanese politicians, including members of Abe's government, continue to regularly visit it.
出于強(qiáng)大的國(guó)際壓力，2013年之后，日本首相安倍沒(méi)有再參拜供奉有14名甲級(jí)戰(zhàn)犯的靖國(guó)神社，然而包括安倍內(nèi)閣官員在內(nèi)的許多日本高層領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人仍堅(jiān)持定期參拜神社。

Among the 14 Class-A war criminals honored in the Yasukuni Shrine is Iwane Matsui, the officer responsible for the Nanjing Massacre in which more than 300,000 Chinese were killed. This is as if, in Germany, members of Chancellor Angela Merkel's Christian Democratic Union visited and paid homage to the tombs of the Waffen SS. This act is a cruel provocation vis-à-vis Japan's neighbors and war victims, and thereby a major reason why there is no peace in the Asia-Pacific region.
靖國(guó)神社中供奉的14名甲級(jí)戰(zhàn)犯包括制造南京大屠殺的主犯松井石根。南京大屠殺的中國(guó)遇難者超30萬(wàn)。日本政界的做法就如同德國(guó)總理默克爾參拜納粹黨衛(wèi)隊(duì)的墓地并致敬。這是對(duì)日本鄰國(guó)及戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)受害者的殘忍挑釁，同時(shí)也是造成亞太地區(qū)不和諧局面的一個(gè)重要原因。

Over half of Abe's Cabinet, including Abe himself, along with some 150 members of parliament from the ruling Liberal Democratic Party, are members of a powerful ultra-nationalist lobby known as Nippon Kaigi (Japan Conference). Far from promoting democracy, it insists that the American occupation and the pacifist Constitution emasculated Japan.
安倍內(nèi)閣中超過(guò)半數(shù)的成員，包括安倍本人，以及約150名執(zhí)政黨自民黨的議員都是“日本會(huì)議”（Nippon Kaigi）的成員?！叭毡緯?huì)議”是一個(gè)很有影響力的極端民族主義游說(shuō)團(tuán)體。它不推行民主，反而主張美國(guó)的占領(lǐng)和和平主義的憲法是對(duì)日本的閹割。

This is the domestic political context in Japan which makes advocating re-arming Japan so troublesome. This same group praises the invasions, massacres and rapes of its East Asian neighbors as wars of liberation.
日本國(guó)內(nèi)的這種政治環(huán)境使得日本解除集體自衛(wèi)權(quán)一事尤為令人苦惱?！叭毡緯?huì)議”還將日本戰(zhàn)時(shí)對(duì)東亞鄰國(guó)人民的侵略、屠殺和強(qiáng)奸等罪行粉飾為解放戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。

The most heinous aspect of contemporary Japanese revisionism is the denial of the plight of the Korean and Chinese sex slaves (known euphemistically in Japanese as "comfort women") - forced into prostitution by the Imperial Japanese Army before and during World War II. Japanese revisionists deny their existence or, worse, claim they were just common prostitutes. As a group of Japanese historical associations has asserted in a recent declaration, "the existence of forcibly recruited 'comfort women' has been verified by many historical records and research" and "those who were made 'comfort women' fell victim to unspeakable violence as sex slaves".
日本當(dāng)代修正主義最令人發(fā)指的一面是否認(rèn)在二戰(zhàn)前及戰(zhàn)中日本帝國(guó)陸軍曾逼迫中韓女性成為性奴（日本使用委婉語(yǔ)“慰安婦”）。日本修正主義者否認(rèn)慰安婦的存在，甚至宣稱她們本身就是妓女。近日，許多日本的歷史研究團(tuán)體已經(jīng)在一份宣言中證實(shí)，“大量歷史資料和研究已經(jīng)證明被‘逼良為娼’的慰安婦的存在”且 “這些慰安婦作為性奴遭受了不可言說(shuō)的暴力傷害?！?/p>

If Japanese parliamentarians stopped visiting to the Yasukuni, if Nippon Kaigi were dissolved, if Abe bowed before the memorial erected in honor of the "comfort women", there would be far less concern about Japan's increased military role.
如果日本議員停止參拜靖國(guó)神社，如果“日本會(huì)議”被解散，如果安倍在慰安婦受害者的紀(jì)念碑前鞠躬道歉，人們也就不會(huì)對(duì)日本軍事力量的增長(zhǎng)這般擔(dān)憂了。

But given the unrelenting chauvinism that pervades Japan's political establishment, it is no wonder that in East Asia there is serious concern about the resurgence of Japanese militarism - and hence the prospect of war in Asia.
但盲目的愛(ài)國(guó)主義仍舊主導(dǎo)著日本內(nèi)閣，所以難怪東亞各國(guó)對(duì)日本軍國(guó)主義的死灰復(fù)燃以及亞洲未來(lái)可能因此爆發(fā)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)都頗為擔(dān)憂。

The author: Jean-Pierre Lehmann?is an emeritus professor of international political economy at the Institute for Management Development in Lausanne, Switzerland, and co-author of Japan's Open Future: An Agenda for Global Citizenship.
關(guān)于作者：讓-皮埃爾·萊曼（Jean-Pierre Lehmann），瑞典洛桑國(guó)際管理發(fā)展學(xué)院國(guó)際政治與經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)榮譽(yù)教授，《日本未來(lái)的一種選擇：成為全球公民的議程》的作者之一。

Vocabulary

atone：彌補(bǔ)，贖罪

atrocity：暴行

reconcile：與…和好

emasculate：閹割，削弱

heinous：令人發(fā)指的

parliamentarian：議會(huì)議員

pervade：遍布

英文來(lái)源：中國(guó)日?qǐng)?bào)

譯者：趙瑜-BUPT

編輯：齊磊

審校：劉明