中國網(wǎng)站品牌欄目（頻道）
（五）深入實(shí)施科教興國戰(zhàn)略和人才強(qiáng)國戰(zhàn)略
5. Thoroughly implementing the strategies of developing China through science and education and strengthening the country through human resource development
大力發(fā)展科技、教育事業(yè)，培養(yǎng)高素質(zhì)的人才隊(duì)伍，是國家強(qiáng)盛、民族復(fù)興的必由之路。
To make China prosperous and strong and achieve the revival of the Chinese nation, we need to vigorously develop science, technology, and education and create a high-quality talent pool.
堅(jiān)持優(yōu)先發(fā)展教育。中央財(cái)政已按全國財(cái)政性教育經(jīng)費(fèi)支出占國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值的4%編制預(yù)算，地方財(cái)政要相應(yīng)安排，確保實(shí)現(xiàn)這一目標(biāo)。教育經(jīng)費(fèi)要突出保障重點(diǎn)，加強(qiáng)薄弱環(huán)節(jié)，提高使用效益。深入推進(jìn)教育體制改革，加強(qiáng)教師隊(duì)伍建設(shè)，大力實(shí)施素質(zhì)教育，逐步解決考試招生、教育教學(xué)等方面的突出問題。推進(jìn)學(xué)校民主管理，逐步形成制度。促進(jìn)義務(wù)教育均衡發(fā)展，資源配置要向中西部、農(nóng)村、邊遠(yuǎn)、民族地區(qū)和城市薄弱學(xué)校傾斜。繼續(xù)花大氣力推動解決擇校、入園等人民群眾關(guān)心的熱點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)問題。農(nóng)村中小學(xué)布局要因地制宜，處理好提高教育質(zhì)量和方便孩子們就近上學(xué)的關(guān)系。辦好農(nóng)村寄宿學(xué)校，實(shí)施好農(nóng)村義務(wù)教育學(xué)生營養(yǎng)改善計(jì)劃。加強(qiáng)校車和校園安全管理，確保孩子們的人身安全。加強(qiáng)學(xué)前教育、繼續(xù)教育和特殊教育，建設(shè)現(xiàn)代職業(yè)教育體系。辦好民族教育。高等教育要與經(jīng)濟(jì)社會發(fā)展和國家戰(zhàn)略需要緊密結(jié)合，提高教育質(zhì)量和創(chuàng)新能力。完善國家助學(xué)制度，逐步將中等職業(yè)教育免學(xué)費(fèi)政策覆蓋到所有農(nóng)村學(xué)生，擴(kuò)大普通高中家庭經(jīng)濟(jì)困難學(xué)生資助范圍。大力發(fā)展民辦教育，鼓勵(lì)和引導(dǎo)社會資本進(jìn)入各級各類教育領(lǐng)域。教育寄托著人民的希望，關(guān)系國家的未來，我們一定要把這項(xiàng)事業(yè)辦得更好！
We will continue to give high priority to developing education. The central government has already prepared its budget to meet the requirement that government spending on education accounts for 4% of China's GDP, and local governments should act accordingly to ensure that this target is reached. Funds for education must be used to meet the funding requirements in key areas and strengthen weak links so that they yield better results. We will deepen reform of the educational system, strengthen the corps of teachers, energetically implement well-rounded education, and gradually resolve major problems in examination and enrollment, and in education and teaching. We will carry forward and gradually institutionalize democratic school management. We will promote the balanced development of compulsory education and give preference to schools in the central and western regions, rural areas, remote areas, and ethnic minority areas, and to weak urban schools when allocating resources. We will continue to make great efforts to ease contentious issues of great concern to the people, including paying to enroll one's children in better schools and the shortage of preschools. We will arrange the location of rural primary and secondary schools in light of local conditions, and ensure there is a proper balance between improving the quality of education and placing schools closer to children. We will run rural boarding schools well, and implement the plan for improving nutrition for rural students receiving compulsory education. We will enhance school bus and campus safety to ensure children's safety. We will strengthen preschool, continuing and special education, develop a modern vocational education system, and do a good job educating ethnic minority students. Higher education should better meet the needs of economic and social development and China's strategic requirements, and improve its quality and capacity for making innovations. We will improve the state financial aid system for students by gradually making all rural students exempt from paying tuition for secondary vocational education, and by granting financial aid to more students from poor families who attend regular senior secondary schools. We will vigorously develop privately run schools and encourage and guide nongovernmental investment in all types of schools at all levels. The people place their hopes on education, and education is crucial for China's future, so we must achieve even better results in this work.
大力推進(jìn)科技創(chuàng)新。加強(qiáng)國家創(chuàng)新體系建設(shè)。深化科技體制改革，推動企業(yè)成為技術(shù)創(chuàng)新主體，促進(jìn)科技與經(jīng)濟(jì)緊密結(jié)合。支持企業(yè)加強(qiáng)研發(fā)中心建設(shè)，承擔(dān)國家和地區(qū)重大科技項(xiàng)目。引導(dǎo)科研機(jī)構(gòu)、高等院校的科研力量為企業(yè)技術(shù)創(chuàng)新服務(wù)，更好地實(shí)現(xiàn)產(chǎn)學(xué)研有機(jī)結(jié)合，提高科技成果轉(zhuǎn)化和產(chǎn)業(yè)化水平。推動基礎(chǔ)研究和前沿技術(shù)研究，提高原始創(chuàng)新能力。完善科技評價(jià)和獎勵(lì)制度。倡導(dǎo)學(xué)術(shù)誠信，鼓勵(lì)獨(dú)立思考，保障學(xué)術(shù)自由，弘揚(yáng)科學(xué)精神。堅(jiān)定不移地實(shí)施國家知識產(chǎn)權(quán)戰(zhàn)略。
We will vigorously boost innovation in science and technology. We will strengthen the national innovation system. We will deepen reform of the management system for science and technology, spur enterprises to become the main source of technological innovation, and more closely integrate science and technology with the economy. We will support enterprises in developing R&D centers and undertaking major national and regional science and technology projects. We will guide research institutes and researchers in universities in providing services to enterprises' technological innovation centers so that enterprises, universities, and research institutes can work more closely together to increase the industrial application of scientific and technological advances. We will boost basic research and research in cutting-edge technologies, and improve our capacity to make original innovations. We will improve the evaluation and incentive system for scientific and technological advances. We will advocate academic integrity, encourage independent thinking, ensure academic freedom, and foster a scientific spirit. We will unwaveringly implement the national strategy on intellectual property rights.
全面加強(qiáng)人才工作。深化人才體制改革，大力培養(yǎng)造就高水平創(chuàng)新創(chuàng)業(yè)人才、青年人才和急需緊缺人才，引進(jìn)高層次人才。完善人才培養(yǎng)、任用、評價(jià)、激勵(lì)機(jī)制。努力營造人才輩出、人盡其才、才盡其用的良好社會環(huán)境。
We will comprehensively strengthen human resource work. We will deepen reform of the personnel management system; energetically train high-level innovative and entrepreneurial personnel, talented young people, and personnel who are urgently needed and in short supply; and attract talented personnel from overseas. We will improve the mechanism for training, employing, evaluating, and giving incentives to talented personnel, and create a favorable social environment for them to come to the fore in large numbers and tap their full potential.
（六）切實(shí)保障和改善民生
6. Ensuring and improving the people's wellbeing
實(shí)現(xiàn)好、維護(hù)好、發(fā)展好最廣大人民的根本利益是以人為本理念的具體體現(xiàn)。要把保障和改善民生作為政府工作的重要任務(wù)。
Putting people first is about realizing, upholding, and promoting their fundamental interests. We will make ensuring and improving their wellbeing an important task in the work of the government.
千方百計(jì)擴(kuò)大就業(yè)。就業(yè)是關(guān)系國家發(fā)展和人民福祉的大事。今年就業(yè)壓力仍然很大，各級政府務(wù)必堅(jiān)持就業(yè)優(yōu)先戰(zhàn)略，繼續(xù)實(shí)施更加積極的就業(yè)政策。重點(diǎn)扶持就業(yè)容量大的服務(wù)業(yè)、創(chuàng)新型科技企業(yè)和小型微型企業(yè)，創(chuàng)造更多就業(yè)崗位。鼓勵(lì)以創(chuàng)業(yè)帶動就業(yè)。抓好高校畢業(yè)生、農(nóng)民工和城鎮(zhèn)就業(yè)困難人員就業(yè)，加強(qiáng)退役軍人技能培訓(xùn)與就業(yè)安置工作。鼓勵(lì)高校畢業(yè)生投身農(nóng)村、基層、中西部地區(qū)建設(shè)。加強(qiáng)職業(yè)培訓(xùn)和公共就業(yè)服務(wù)工作。加快建立健全統(tǒng)一規(guī)范靈活的人力資源市場。積極構(gòu)建和諧勞動關(guān)系，加強(qiáng)對勞務(wù)派遣的規(guī)范管理，開展勞動關(guān)系爭議排查，加強(qiáng)勞動監(jiān)察和調(diào)解仲裁，維護(hù)勞動者合法權(quán)益。
We will make every effort to increase employment. Employment is of great importance to China's development and the people's wellbeing. We will continue to face great employment pressure this year, and governments at all levels must continue to follow the strategy of giving top priority to employment and more actively implement employment policies. We will give high priority to supporting service industries, innovative high-tech enterprises, and small and micro businesses that employ large numbers of people so as to create more jobs. We will encourage the creation of new businesses to stimulate employment. We will help college graduates, rural migrant workers and urban residents having difficulty finding jobs find employment, and strengthen technical training for ex-soldiers and help them find jobs and settle down. We will encourage college graduates to pursue careers in rural areas, local communities and the central and western regions. We will strengthen vocational training and public employment services. We will accelerate development of a sound, unified, standardized, and flexible human resources market. We will promote harmonious labor relations, increase supervision of labor dispatch, settle labor relations disputes, and intensify supervision, mediation, and arbitration of labor disputes to protect the legitimate rights and interests of employees.
加快完善社會保障體系。今年年底前實(shí)現(xiàn)新型農(nóng)村社會養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)和城鎮(zhèn)居民社會養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)制度全覆蓋。擴(kuò)大各項(xiàng)社會保險(xiǎn)覆蓋面。增加企業(yè)退休人員基本養(yǎng)老金。加強(qiáng)城鄉(xiāng)低保和社會救助工作，加快發(fā)展社會福利事業(yè)和慈善事業(yè)。加強(qiáng)各項(xiàng)社會保障制度銜接。多渠道增加社會保障基金，加強(qiáng)社會保險(xiǎn)基金、社會保障基金投資監(jiān)管，實(shí)現(xiàn)保值增值。加強(qiáng)社保服務(wù)能力建設(shè)，有條件的地方可對各類社保經(jīng)辦機(jī)構(gòu)進(jìn)行整合歸并，有些服務(wù)可委托銀行、商業(yè)保險(xiǎn)機(jī)構(gòu)代辦。加快全國統(tǒng)一的社會保障卡發(fā)放。
We will accelerate improvements to the social security system. By the end of the year, we will have achieved full coverage of the new old-age pension system for rural residents and the old-age pension system for non-working urban residents. We will expand coverage of all types of social insurance. We will raise the basic pension for enterprise retirees. We will increase urban and rural subsistence allowances and social aid, and accelerate development of social welfare programs and charities. We will better coordinate all aspects of the social safety net. We will increase the social security fund through a variety of channels, and strengthen oversight and supervision of investment from the social insurance fund and social security fund to increase their value. We will strengthen capacity building for social security services, allow localities where conditions permit to integrate and merge social security agencies, and entrust some services to banks or commercial insurance institutions. We will accelerate the work of introducing all-in-one national social security cards.
大力推進(jìn)醫(yī)藥衛(wèi)生事業(yè)改革發(fā)展。加快健全全民醫(yī)保體系，鞏固擴(kuò)大基本醫(yī)保覆蓋面，提高基本醫(yī)療保障水平和管理服務(wù)水平。城鎮(zhèn)居民醫(yī)保和新農(nóng)合補(bǔ)助標(biāo)準(zhǔn)提高到每人每年240元。全面推開尿毒癥等8類大病保障，將肺癌等12類大病納入保障和救助試點(diǎn)范圍。鞏固完善基本藥物制度，加強(qiáng)基層醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生服務(wù)體系建設(shè)。推進(jìn)公立醫(yī)院改革，實(shí)行醫(yī)藥分開、管辦分開，破除以藥補(bǔ)醫(yī)機(jī)制。鼓勵(lì)引導(dǎo)社會資本辦醫(yī)，加快形成對外開放的多元辦醫(yī)格局。充分調(diào)動醫(yī)務(wù)工作者積極性，建立和諧的醫(yī)患關(guān)系。加強(qiáng)公共衛(wèi)生服務(wù)，預(yù)防控制嚴(yán)重威脅群眾健康的重大傳染病、慢性病、職業(yè)病。加強(qiáng)藥品安全工作。扶持和促進(jìn)中醫(yī)藥和民族醫(yī)藥事業(yè)發(fā)展。
We will vigorously promote the development and reform of medical and healthcare services. We will move faster to improve the medical insurance system covering the whole population, consolidate and expand the coverage of basic medical insurance, and enhance our capability to provide and manage basic medical services. We will raise subsidies for medical insurance for non-working urban residents and the new type of rural cooperative medical care system to 240 yuan per person per year. We will fully introduce social insurance against uraemia and seven other major diseases and include lung cancer and 11 other major diseases in the pilot program to provide insurance and aid for their treatment. We will consolidate and improve the system for basic drugs and improve the community-level medical and health care system. We will push forward reform of public hospitals, so that medical care is separated from pharmacy operations, government management is separated from hospital operations, and the practice of using pharmacy profits to subsidize medical services is ended. We will encourage and guide nongovernmental investment in hospitals, and speed up the creation of a system of hospitals with diversified ownership that is open to foreign participation. We will boost the morale of medical workers and build harmonious relations between doctors and patients. We will improve public health services and prevent and control major communicable, chronic and occupational diseases that pose a major health hazard. We will tighten control over drug safety. We will support and promote the development of traditional Chinese medicine and the medical practices of ethnic minorities.
全面做好人口和計(jì)劃生育工作。繼續(xù)穩(wěn)定低生育水平，綜合治理出生人口性別比偏高問題，提高出生人口質(zhì)量。加快實(shí)現(xiàn)計(jì)劃生育優(yōu)質(zhì)服務(wù)全覆蓋，將免費(fèi)孕前優(yōu)生健康檢查試點(diǎn)范圍擴(kuò)大到60%的縣（市、區(qū)）。提高農(nóng)村部分計(jì)劃生育家庭獎勵(lì)扶助、特殊扶助標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。加強(qiáng)流動人口計(jì)劃生育服務(wù)管理。做好婦女兒童工作，擴(kuò)大農(nóng)村婦女宮頸癌、乳腺癌免費(fèi)檢查覆蓋面，提高婦女兒童發(fā)展和權(quán)益保障水平。進(jìn)一步完善殘疾人社會保障體系和服務(wù)體系。積極發(fā)展老齡事業(yè)，加快建設(shè)社會養(yǎng)老服務(wù)體系，努力讓城鄉(xiāng)老年人都老有所養(yǎng)，幸福安度晚年。
We will comprehensively carry out work relating to population and family planning. We will continue to keep the birthrate low, redress gender imbalance through various means, and improve the health of infants. We will achieve full coverage of quality family planning services more quickly than planned and extend the trial program of free pre-pregnancy checkups to 60% of China's counties and county-level cities and districts. We will increase the rewards and special assistance to the rural families that observe the state's family planning policy. We will increase family planning services to the floating population and improve management of such services. We will do our work related to women and children well. We will extend free cervical cancer and breast cancer screening to more rural women, improve the wellbeing of women and children and better guarantee their rights and interests. We will further improve the social security system and the system of services for people with disabilities. We will actively develop programs for the elderly and accelerate development of a system of social services for urban and rural seniors so they can live their later years in contentment.
繼續(xù)搞好房地產(chǎn)市場調(diào)控和保障性安居工程建設(shè)。嚴(yán)格執(zhí)行并逐步完善抑制投機(jī)、投資性需求的政策措施，進(jìn)一步鞏固調(diào)控成果，促進(jìn)房價(jià)合理回歸。繼續(xù)推進(jìn)保障性安居工程建設(shè)，在確保質(zhì)量的前提下，基本建成500萬套，新開工700萬套以上。抓緊完善保障性住房建設(shè)、分配、管理、退出等制度。采取有效措施，增加普通商品住房供給。加快建設(shè)城鎮(zhèn)住房信息系統(tǒng)，改革房地產(chǎn)稅收制度，促進(jìn)房地產(chǎn)市場長期平穩(wěn)健康發(fā)展。
We will continue to regulate the real estate market and develop low-income housing. We will strictly implement and gradually improve policies and measures for discouraging speculative or investment-driven housing demand, build on progress made in regulating the real estate market, and bring property prices down to a reasonable level. We will continue to develop low-income housing, and basically complete five million units and start construction on over seven million units, ensuring they are built to a high standard. We will work speedily to improve the system for constructing, allocating, managing, and recalling low-income housing units. We will take effective measures to increase supply of regular commodity housing. We will accelerate development of an urban housing information system and reform the real estate tax system to promote long-term, steady, and sound growth of the real estate market.
加強(qiáng)和創(chuàng)新社會管理。加強(qiáng)社會矛盾化解、社會管理創(chuàng)新、公正廉潔執(zhí)法。強(qiáng)化政府社會管理和公共服務(wù)職能。提高城鄉(xiāng)基層群眾性自治組織的自治能力。發(fā)揮社會組織在社會管理中的積極作用。積極穩(wěn)妥推進(jìn)戶籍管理制度改革，推動實(shí)行居住證制度，為流動人口提供更好服務(wù)。以信息共享、互聯(lián)互通為重點(diǎn)，加快建設(shè)國家電子政務(wù)網(wǎng)。大力推進(jìn)政務(wù)誠信、商務(wù)誠信、社會誠信建設(shè)，構(gòu)建覆蓋全社會的征信系統(tǒng)。加強(qiáng)和改進(jìn)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)管理，營造健康的網(wǎng)絡(luò)環(huán)境。健全重大決策社會穩(wěn)定風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評估機(jī)制和突發(fā)事件應(yīng)急管理機(jī)制。實(shí)施安全發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略，加強(qiáng)安全生產(chǎn)監(jiān)管，防止重特大事故發(fā)生。深入開展打擊侵犯知識產(chǎn)權(quán)和制售假冒偽劣商品行動。增強(qiáng)食品安全監(jiān)管能力，提高食品安全水平。加強(qiáng)和改進(jìn)信訪工作，健全群眾利益訴求表達(dá)機(jī)制。加強(qiáng)法律服務(wù)和法律援助。嚴(yán)密防范和依法打擊違法犯罪活動，保障人民群眾生命財(cái)產(chǎn)安全。
We will strengthen and make innovations in social administration. We will work hard to resolve social conflicts, make innovations in social administration, and enforce the law impartially and with integrity. We will strengthen government functions for conducting social administration and providing public services. We will strengthen the self-governing capabilities of rural and urban community self-governing organizations. We will get social organizations to play an active role in social administration. We will actively yet prudently carry forward the reform of the household registration system, implement the residence permit system, and provide better services to the floating population. We will accelerate the development of a national e-government network, with the focus on sharing information and achieving national interconnectivity. We will vigorously give impetus to government, business, and public integrity, and create a credit information system for the whole society. We will strengthen and improve management of the Internet and foster a healthy cyberspace environment. We will improve the mechanism for assessing risks major policy decisions may pose for social stability and the mechanism for managing responses to emergencies. We will implement the strategy of ensuring safety in development, tighten oversight over workplace safety, and prevent the occurrence of serious and major accidents. We will carry out an intense crackdown on violations of intellectual property rights and the manufacture and sale of counterfeit or substandard goods. We will enhance our food safety oversight capability and raise the level of food safety. We will strengthen and improve the handling of public complaints made through letters and visits and improve the mechanism whereby the masses express appeals concerning matters affecting their interests. We will strengthen legal services and assistance. We will be on high alert for and crack down on crime in accordance with the law to protect people's lives and property.
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