七、在改善民生和創(chuàng)新管理中加強社會建設(shè)

VII. Strengthening Social Development by Improving the People's Wellbeing and Making Innovations in Management

加強社會建設(shè)，是社會和諧穩(wěn)定的重要保證。必須從維護最廣大人民根本利益的高度，加快健全基本公共服務(wù)體系，加強和創(chuàng)新社會管理，推動社會主義和諧社會建設(shè)。

Strengthening social development is an important guarantee for maintaining social harmony and stability. We must intensify our efforts to improve the basic public service system, strengthen and make innovations in social management, and boost the building of a harmonious socialist society in order to uphold the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people.

加強社會建設(shè)，必須以保障和改善民生為重點。提高人民物質(zhì)文化生活水平，是改革開放和社會主義現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)的根本目的。要多謀民生之利，多解民生之憂，解決好人民最關(guān)心最直接最現(xiàn)實的利益問題，在學(xué)有所教、勞有所得、病有所醫(yī)、老有所養(yǎng)、住有所居上持續(xù)取得新進展，努力讓人民過上更好生活。

In strengthening social development, we must give high priority to ensuring and improving the people's wellbeing. To improve people's material and cultural lives is the fundamental purpose of reform and opening up and socialist modernization. We should bring as much benefit as possible to the people, resolve as many difficulties as possible for them, and solve the most pressing and real problems of the greatest concern to them. We should keep making progress in ensuring that all the people enjoy their rights to education, employment, medical and old-age care, and housing so that they will lead a better life.

加強社會建設(shè)，必須加快推進社會體制改革。要圍繞構(gòu)建中國特色社會主義社會管理體系，加快形成黨委領(lǐng)導(dǎo)、政府負(fù)責(zé)、社會協(xié)同、公眾參與、法治保障的社會管理體制，加快形成政府主導(dǎo)、覆蓋城鄉(xiāng)、可持續(xù)的基本公共服務(wù)體系，加快形成政社分開、權(quán)責(zé)明確、依法自治的現(xiàn)代社會組織體制，加快形成源頭治理、動態(tài)管理、應(yīng)急處置相結(jié)合的社會管理機制。

To strengthen social development, we must accelerate social structural reform. With the aim of establishing a socialist system of social management with Chinese characteristics, we should quicken the pace of building the following mechanisms and systems: a law-based social management system featuring Party committee leadership, government execution, nongovernmental support and public participation; a basic public service system that is government-led and sustainable and covers both urban and rural areas; a system of modern social organizations in which functions of the government are separated from those of social organizations, rights and responsibilities are clearly established, and social organizations exercise autonomy in accordance with the law; and a social management mechanism that resolves public complaints at the source, exercises dynamic administration, and responds to emergencies.

（一）努力辦好人民滿意的教育。教育是民族振興和社會進步的基石。要堅持教育優(yōu)先發(fā)展，全面貫徹黨的教育方針，堅持教育為社會主義現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)服務(wù)、為人民服務(wù)，把立德樹人作為教育的根本任務(wù)，培養(yǎng)德智體美全面發(fā)展的社會主義建設(shè)者和接班人。全面實施素質(zhì)教育，深化教育領(lǐng)域綜合改革，著力提高教育質(zhì)量，培養(yǎng)學(xué)生社會責(zé)任感、創(chuàng)新精神、實踐能力。辦好學(xué)前教育，均衡發(fā)展九年義務(wù)教育，基本普及高中階段教育，加快發(fā)展現(xiàn)代職業(yè)教育，推動高等教育內(nèi)涵式發(fā)展，積極發(fā)展繼續(xù)教育，完善終身教育體系，建設(shè)學(xué)習(xí)型社會。大力促進教育公平，合理配置教育資源，重點向農(nóng)村、邊遠、貧困、民族地區(qū)傾斜，支持特殊教育，提高家庭經(jīng)濟困難學(xué)生資助水平，積極推動農(nóng)民工子女平等接受教育，讓每個孩子都能成為有用之才。鼓勵引導(dǎo)社會力量興辦教育。加強教師隊伍建設(shè)，提高師德水平和業(yè)務(wù)能力，增強教師教書育人的榮譽感和責(zé)任感。

1. Work hard to run education to the satisfaction of the people

Education is the cornerstone of national renewal and social progress. We must give high priority to developing education, implement the Party's education policy to the letter, ensure that education serves socialist modernization and the people, take fostering integrity and promoting rounded development of people as the fundamental task of education, and train participants of and successors to the socialist cause who develop morally, intellectually, physically and aesthetically. We should provide well-rounded education for all students, deepen overall education reform, focus on improving the quality of education, and cultivate in students a sense of social responsibility, a spirit of innovation and the ability to acquire practical skills. We should develop preschool education, promote balanced development of nine-year compulsory education, make senior secondary education basically universal, accelerate development of modern vocational education, and bring out the full potential for development of higher education. We should actively develop continuing education, improve the system of lifelong education, and build a learning society. We should vigorously promote fairness in education, and ensure balanced allocation of educational resources with a focus on rural, remote, poor and ethnic minority areas. We should support special education, increase subsidies to students from poor families, and ensure that children of rural migrant workers in cities have equal access to education. All this is designed to help all children gain required knowledge and skills. We should encourage and guide nongovernmental entities to run educational programs. We should strengthen the ranks of teachers, and enhance their work ethics and professional competence as well as their sense of honor and responsibility as teachers.

（二）推動實現(xiàn)更高質(zhì)量的就業(yè)。就業(yè)是民生之本。要貫徹勞動者自主就業(yè)、市場調(diào)節(jié)就業(yè)、政府促進就業(yè)和鼓勵創(chuàng)業(yè)的方針，實施就業(yè)優(yōu)先戰(zhàn)略和更加積極的就業(yè)政策。引導(dǎo)勞動者轉(zhuǎn)變就業(yè)觀念，鼓勵多渠道多形式就業(yè)，促進創(chuàng)業(yè)帶動就業(yè)，做好以高校畢業(yè)生為重點的青年就業(yè)工作和農(nóng)村轉(zhuǎn)移勞動力、城鎮(zhèn)困難人員、退役軍人就業(yè)工作。加強職業(yè)技能培訓(xùn)，提升勞動者就業(yè)創(chuàng)業(yè)能力，增強就業(yè)穩(wěn)定性。健全人力資源市場，完善就業(yè)服務(wù)體系，增強失業(yè)保險對促進就業(yè)的作用。健全勞動標(biāo)準(zhǔn)體系和勞動關(guān)系協(xié)調(diào)機制，加強勞動保障監(jiān)察和爭議調(diào)解仲裁，構(gòu)建和諧勞動關(guān)系。

2. Deliver a better job in creating employment

Employment is crucial to the people's wellbeing. We must implement the principle of promoting self-reliant employment, market-regulated employment and government-backed employment and entrepreneurship, the strategy of giving top priority to employment and a proactive employment policy. We should ensure that people have realistic expectations about employment, encourage creating employment through multiple channels and forms, and expand job opportunities by creating new businesses. We should increase job opportunities for young people, especially university graduates, the rural migrant labor force, urban residents who have difficulty finding jobs, and ex-servicepersons. We should strengthen vocational skill training; improve people's ability to find jobs and start up their own businesses; and enhance employment stability. We should improve the human resources market and employment services, and make unemployment insurance play a bigger role in promoting employment. We should improve the system of labor standards and the mechanism for harmonizing labor relations, strengthen supervision of labor protection and labor dispute mediation and arbitration, and build harmonious labor relations.

（三）千方百計增加居民收入。實現(xiàn)發(fā)展成果由人民共享，必須深化收入分配制度改革，努力實現(xiàn)居民收入增長和經(jīng)濟發(fā)展同步、勞動報酬增長和勞動生產(chǎn)率提高同步，提高居民收入在國民收入分配中的比重，提高勞動報酬在初次分配中的比重。初次分配和再分配都要兼顧效率和公平，再分配更加注重公平。完善勞動、資本、技術(shù)、管理等要素按貢獻參與分配的初次分配機制，加快健全以稅收、社會保障、轉(zhuǎn)移支付為主要手段的再分配調(diào)節(jié)機制。深化企業(yè)和機關(guān)事業(yè)單位工資制度改革，推行企業(yè)工資集體協(xié)商制度，保護勞動所得。多渠道增加居民財產(chǎn)性收入。規(guī)范收入分配秩序，保護合法收入，增加低收入者收入，調(diào)節(jié)過高收入，取締非法收入。

3. Make every effort to increase individual income

To ensure that the people share in the fruits of development, we must deepen reform of the income distribution system, and increase individual income in step with economic development and work remuneration in step with improvement in labor productivity, and we should raise the share of individual income in the distribution of national income and increase the share of work remuneration in primary distribution. A proper balance should be struck between efficiency and fairness in both primary and secondary distribution, with particular emphasis on fairness in secondary distribution. We should improve the primary distribution system to allow factors of production such as labor, capital, technology and managerial expertise to have their due share of income according to their respective contribution; and we should take speedy steps to improve the mechanism of secondary distribution regulating income distribution mainly through taxation, social security, and transfer payments. We should deepen reform of the wage and salary system in enterprises, government bodies and public institutions, promote collective bargaining on wages in enterprises, and protect income earned through work. We should increase proprietary individual income through multiple channels. We should improve the way in which income is distributed, protect lawful income, increase the income of low-income groups, adjust excessively high income, and prohibit illicit income.

（四）統(tǒng)籌推進城鄉(xiāng)社會保障體系建設(shè)。社會保障是保障人民生活、調(diào)節(jié)社會分配的一項基本制度。要堅持全覆蓋、?；?、多層次、可持續(xù)方針，以增強公平性、適應(yīng)流動性、保證可持續(xù)性為重點，全面建成覆蓋城鄉(xiāng)居民的社會保障體系。改革和完善企業(yè)和機關(guān)事業(yè)單位社會保險制度，整合城鄉(xiāng)居民基本養(yǎng)老保險和基本醫(yī)療保險制度，逐步做實養(yǎng)老保險個人賬戶，實現(xiàn)基礎(chǔ)養(yǎng)老金全國統(tǒng)籌，建立兼顧各類人員的社會保障待遇確定機制和正常調(diào)整機制。擴大社會保障基金籌資渠道，建立社會保險基金投資運營制度，確?；鸢踩捅Ｖ翟鲋?。完善社會救助體系，健全社會福利制度，支持發(fā)展慈善事業(yè)，做好優(yōu)撫安置工作。建立市場配置和政府保障相結(jié)合的住房制度，加強保障性住房建設(shè)和管理，滿足困難家庭基本需求。堅持男女平等基本國策，保障婦女兒童合法權(quán)益。積極應(yīng)對人口老齡化，大力發(fā)展老齡服務(wù)事業(yè)和產(chǎn)業(yè)。健全殘疾人社會保障和服務(wù)體系，切實保障殘疾人權(quán)益。健全社會保障經(jīng)辦管理體制，建立更加便民快捷的服務(wù)體系。

4. Promote coordinated development of the social security system in urban and rural areas

Social security is a basic system for ensuring people's livelihood and adjusting social distribution. We should institute a complete, multi-tiered and sustainable system for providing basic social security for both the urban and rural population, with emphasis on making the system more equitable and sustainable and ensuring the smooth transfer of social security accounts between localities. We should reform and improve the social insurance system for enterprises as well as government bodies and public institutions, integrate the basic old-age insurance and basic medical insurance systems for non-working urban residents and the rural population, provide sufficient funding for personal accounts for old-age insurance in a phased way, place basic pensions under unified national planning, and establish mechanisms for setting standards on social security benefits and regularly adjusting them that give due consideration to the interests of people from all walks of life. We should widen channels for raising money for social security funds, introduce a system to manage investment operations of social insurance funds, and ensure that these funds are safe and appreciate over time. We should improve the social assistance system and the social welfare system, support the development of charities, and ensure preferential treatment to entitled groups. We should put in place a housing system that combines market supply and government support, strengthen construction and management of low-income housing, and better meet poor families' basic housing needs. We should adhere to the basic state policy of gender equality and protect the legitimate rights and interests of women and children. We should actively address population aging and vigorously develop old-age services. We should improve the social security and service systems for the disabled and effectively protect their rights and interests. We should improve the mechanism for supervising the work of social security agencies and make social security services more convenient and efficient.

（五）提高人民健康水平。健康是促進人的全面發(fā)展的必然要求。要堅持為人民健康服務(wù)的方向，堅持預(yù)防為主、以農(nóng)村為重點、中西醫(yī)并重，按照?；?、強基層、建機制要求，重點推進醫(yī)療保障、醫(yī)療服務(wù)、公共衛(wèi)生、藥品供應(yīng)、監(jiān)管體制綜合改革，完善國民健康政策，為群眾提供安全有效方便價廉的公共衛(wèi)生和基本醫(yī)療服務(wù)。健全全民醫(yī)保體系，建立重特大疾病保障和救助機制，完善突發(fā)公共衛(wèi)生事件應(yīng)急和重大疾病防控機制。鞏固基本藥物制度。健全農(nóng)村三級醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生服務(wù)網(wǎng)絡(luò)和城市社區(qū)衛(wèi)生服務(wù)體系，深化公立醫(yī)院改革，鼓勵社會辦醫(yī)。扶持中醫(yī)藥和民族醫(yī)藥事業(yè)發(fā)展。提高醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生隊伍服務(wù)能力，加強醫(yī)德醫(yī)風(fēng)建設(shè)。改革和完善食品藥品安全監(jiān)管體制機制。開展愛國衛(wèi)生運動，促進人民身心健康。堅持計劃生育的基本國策，提高出生人口素質(zhì)，逐步完善政策，促進人口長期均衡發(fā)展。

5. Improve people's health

Good health is a prerequisite for promoting well-rounded development of the person. Keeping to the goal of improving people's health, we should put disease prevention first, make rural areas the focus of our work, support both traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine, establish a sound mechanism for basic medical and health care and strengthen such endeavor at the community level. We should give high priority to carrying out overall reform in medical insurance, medical treatment, public health, drug supply, and the mechanism of monitoring and supervision, and we should improve the policy for enhancing people's health and provide them with safe, effective, convenient and affordable public health services and basic medical care. We should improve the medical insurance system that covers the whole population, establish a mechanism to provide insurance and aid in treating major and very serious diseases, and improve mechanisms for handling public health emergencies and for preventing and controlling major diseases. We should consolidate the system for using basic drugs. We should improve the rural medical and health service network at county, township and village levels and the system of urban community health services, deepen reform of public hospitals, and encourage the development of private hospitals. We should support the development of traditional Chinese medicine and the traditional medicine of ethnic minorities. We should ensure that medical personnel provide better services and improve their work ethics. We should reform and improve institutions and mechanisms for managing and supervising food and drug safety. We should launch patriotic sanitation campaigns and ensure that people have good health and a sense of contentment. We must adhere to the basic state policy of family planning, improve the health of newborns, steadily improve the population policy and promote long-term and balanced population growth.

（六）加強和創(chuàng)新社會管理。提高社會管理科學(xué)化水平，必須加強社會管理法律、體制機制、能力、人才隊伍和信息化建設(shè)。改進政府提供公共服務(wù)方式，加強基層社會管理和服務(wù)體系建設(shè)，增強城鄉(xiāng)社區(qū)服務(wù)功能，強化企事業(yè)單位、人民團體在社會管理和服務(wù)中的職責(zé)，引導(dǎo)社會組織健康有序發(fā)展，充分發(fā)揮群眾參與社會管理的基礎(chǔ)作用。完善和創(chuàng)新流動人口和特殊人群管理服務(wù)。正確處理人民內(nèi)部矛盾，建立健全黨和政府主導(dǎo)的維護群眾權(quán)益機制，完善信訪制度，完善人民調(diào)解、行政調(diào)解、司法調(diào)解聯(lián)動的工作體系，暢通和規(guī)范群眾訴求表達、利益協(xié)調(diào)、權(quán)益保障渠道。建立健全重大決策社會穩(wěn)定風(fēng)險評估機制。強化公共安全體系和企業(yè)安全生產(chǎn)基礎(chǔ)建設(shè)，遏制重特大安全事故。加強和改進黨對政法工作的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，加強政法隊伍建設(shè)，切實肩負(fù)起中國特色社會主義事業(yè)建設(shè)者、捍衛(wèi)者的職責(zé)使命。深化平安建設(shè)，完善立體化社會治安防控體系，強化司法基本保障，依法防范和懲治違法犯罪活動，保障人民生命財產(chǎn)安全。完善國家安全戰(zhàn)略和工作機制，高度警惕和堅決防范敵對勢力的分裂、滲透、顛覆活動，確保國家安全。

6. Strengthen and make innovations in social management

To conduct social management in a more scientific way, we must improve the laws, institutions and mechanisms concerning and capacity for social management, and train more personnel and promote IT application in this field. We should improve the way in which the government provides public services, strengthen the system of social management and services at the community level, and ensure that urban and rural communities provide better services. Enterprises, public institutions and people's organizations should play a better role in conducting social management and providing related services. We should guide social organizations to develop in a healthy and orderly way and fully leverage the fundamental role of the people in social management. We should improve and make innovations in the management relating to and services for the floating population and special groups. We should correctly handle problems among the people, and put in place a sound mechanism in which the Party and the government play the leading role in upholding the rights and interests of the people. We should improve the system for handling people's complaints expressed in letters or visits, and improve the integrated system of mediation by the people, administrative mediation and judicial mediation. We should maintain regular and open channels for the people to voice their demands, for coordinating their interests and for protecting their rights and interests. We should establish a sound mechanism for assessing potential risks major policy decisions may pose to social stability. We should improve the public safety system and the workplace safety environment in enterprises to curb major and very serious accidents. We should strengthen and improve the Party's leadership over the work of judicial, procuratorial, and public security organs, and strengthen their ranks, so that they can fulfill their duties in carrying forward and protecting the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics. We should intensify efforts to ensure law and order, improve the multi-dimensional system for crime prevention and control, strengthen the infrastructure of judicial bodies, and prevent and punish criminal and illegal activities in accordance with the law to protect the people's lives and property. We should improve the national security strategy and its work mechanism, and keep high vigilance against and resolutely forestall separatist activities and activities of infiltration and subversion carried out by hostile forces, so as to ensure national security.

全黨全國人民行動起來，就一定能開創(chuàng)社會和諧人人有責(zé)、和諧社會人人共享的生動局面。

As long as the whole Party and all the people make concerted efforts, we can foster a dynamic environment in which everyone contributes to social harmony and benefits from a harmonious society.