5月，迎來馬克思誕辰200周年，習(xí)近平主席出席紀(jì)念大會(huì)并發(fā)表重要講話；習(xí)近平主席與金正恩在大連舉行會(huì)晤；美國總統(tǒng)特朗普宣布美國退出伊朗核協(xié)議，宣布6月12日在新加坡與朝鮮領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人會(huì)晤，之后又宣布暫不會(huì)晤，之后又說要會(huì)晤；不管領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人是否會(huì)晤，白宮通訊局倒是先出了一款“特金會(huì)”紀(jì)念幣；我國首個(gè)地下云圖網(wǎng)在四川、云南開建；美國夏威夷大島火山爆發(fā)；我國首艘國產(chǎn)航母進(jìn)行海試；女乘客遇害，滴滴順風(fēng)車進(jìn)行整改；三場演唱會(huì)三個(gè)逃犯落網(wǎng)，張學(xué)友化身“逃犯克星”；煎餅馃子有了加工專業(yè)技術(shù)規(guī)范；我國宣布自7月1日起，降低汽車整車及零部件進(jìn)口關(guān)稅。

馬克思誕辰兩百周年 Karl Marx's 200th birth anniversary

President Xi Jinping, also general secretary of the Communist Party of China Central Committee and chairman of the Central Military Commission, delivered a speech during a conference to mark the 200th anniversary of the birth of Karl Marx in the Great Hall of the People in Beijing on Friday morning.

4日上午，紀(jì)念馬克思誕辰200周年大會(huì)在北京人民大會(huì)堂隆重舉行。中共中央總書記、國家主席、中央軍委主席習(xí)近平在大會(huì)上發(fā)表重要講話。

With noble ideals and no fear of difficulties and adversities, throughout his lifetime, Marx devoted himself to perseverantly striving for the liberation of humanity, scaling the peak of thoughts in his pursuit of truth, and the unremitting fight to overturn the old world and establish a new one, according to Xi.

習(xí)近平說，馬克思的一生，是胸懷崇高理想、為人類解放不懈奮斗的一生；馬克思的一生，是不畏艱難險(xiǎn)阻、為追求真理而勇攀思想高峰的一生；馬克思的一生，是為推翻舊世界、建立新世界而不息戰(zhàn)斗的一生。

習(xí)近平說，馬克思主義是科學(xué)的理論，創(chuàng)造性地揭示了人類社會(huì)發(fā)展規(guī)律；馬克思主義是人民的理論，第一次創(chuàng)立了人民實(shí)現(xiàn)自身解放的思想體系；馬克思主義是實(shí)踐的理論，指引著人民改造世界的行動(dòng)；馬克思主義是不斷發(fā)展的開放的理論，始終站在時(shí)代前沿(Marxism is a constantly developing theory and always stands at the forefront of the times)。

習(xí)近平說，

學(xué)習(xí)馬克思，就要學(xué)習(xí)和實(shí)踐馬克思主義關(guān)于人類社會(huì)發(fā)展規(guī)律的思想(we should study and practice Marxist thought on the law of the development of human society)；

學(xué)習(xí)馬克思，就要學(xué)習(xí)和實(shí)踐馬克思主義關(guān)于堅(jiān)守人民立場的思想(we should study and practice Marxist thought on upholding the people's position)；

學(xué)習(xí)馬克思，就要學(xué)習(xí)和實(shí)踐馬克思主義關(guān)于生產(chǎn)力和生產(chǎn)關(guān)系的思想(we should study and practice Marxist thought on productivity and the relations of production)；

學(xué)習(xí)馬克思，就要學(xué)習(xí)和實(shí)踐馬克思主義關(guān)于人民民主的思想(we should study and practice Marxist thought on people's democracy)；

學(xué)習(xí)馬克思，就要學(xué)習(xí)和實(shí)踐馬克思主義關(guān)于文化建設(shè)的思想(we should study and practice Marxist thought on cultural development)；

學(xué)習(xí)馬克思，就要學(xué)習(xí)和實(shí)踐馬克思主義關(guān)于社會(huì)建設(shè)的思想(we should study and practice Marxist thought on social construction)；

學(xué)習(xí)馬克思，就要學(xué)習(xí)和實(shí)踐馬克思主義關(guān)于人與自然關(guān)系的思想(we should study and practice Marxist ideas on relations between humans and nature)；

學(xué)習(xí)馬克思，就要學(xué)習(xí)和實(shí)踐馬克思主義關(guān)于世界歷史的思想(we have to study and practice Marxist ideas on world history)；

學(xué)習(xí)馬克思，就要學(xué)習(xí)和實(shí)踐馬克思主義關(guān)于馬克思主義政黨建設(shè)的思想(we have to study and practice Marxist ideas on party building)。

火山爆發(fā) volcano eruptions

Consulate General of China in Los Angeles issued an alert message Saturday morning, warning Chinese citizens not to stay in dangerous zones in Hawaii's Big Island, which has been suffering strong volcano eruptions and earthquakes since Thursday.

中國駐洛杉磯總領(lǐng)事館5日晨發(fā)布通告，提醒中國公民避免進(jìn)入自3日以來受火山噴發(fā)和地震影響的高危險(xiǎn)區(qū)域（大島）。

據(jù)美國地質(zhì)勘探局地震信息網(wǎng)消息，夏威夷群島的最大島嶼比格艾蘭島（Big Island“大島”）當(dāng)?shù)貢r(shí)間4日中午發(fā)生6.9級地震，震中鄰近正處于噴發(fā)狀態(tài)的基拉韋火山（the Kilauea Volcano）。當(dāng)?shù)卣畣?dòng)應(yīng)急響應(yīng)機(jī)制，疏散周圍居民，火山所在的夏威夷火山國家公園（the Hawaii Volcanoes National Park）已部分關(guān)閉。

中國駐洛杉磯總領(lǐng)事館在通告中提醒中國公民，關(guān)注火山活動(dòng)情況，遵從當(dāng)?shù)卣块T指引（follow the directions of the local government），避免進(jìn)入高危險(xiǎn)區(qū)域。

據(jù)夏威夷州當(dāng)?shù)貞?yīng)急部門通告，對人們健康最大的威脅來自火山噴發(fā)后飄落的灰燼和地質(zhì)活動(dòng)在地表形成裂縫后排出的有毒氣體（toxic gas）。

The Hawaiian Volcanoes Observatory said eight vents, each several hundred meters long, opened in the neighborhood since Thursday. By late Saturday, the fissures had quieted down and were only releasing steam and gas.

夏威夷火山觀測站表示，自3日以來，周邊共有8個(gè)長達(dá)數(shù)百米的裂縫，到5日下午，裂縫暫時(shí)處于平靜狀態(tài)，只釋放出一些蒸汽和氣體。

Authorities cautioned sulfuric gas pouring out of the vents posed dangers, particularly to elderly and people with respiratory problems.

當(dāng)?shù)卣娣Q，裂縫中釋放出的含硫氣體會(huì)有潛在危害，對老年人以及有呼吸道疾病的人群尤其有害。

地下云圖網(wǎng) underground seismic network for earthquake monitoring

According to the plan, 2,000 monitoring stations will be built in two years in Sichuan and Yunnan, two quake-prone provinces in southwest China, said scientists with the Institute of Care-life, a disaster-reduction lab based in Chengdu, capital of Sichuan.

四川省成都高新減災(zāi)研究所的科學(xué)家表示，按照規(guī)劃，我國將用兩年時(shí)間在四川和云南兩個(gè)地震多發(fā)省份建立2000個(gè)監(jiān)測站。

地下云圖網(wǎng)（underground seismic network for earthquake monitoring）是通過在四川、云南建設(shè)2000個(gè)地下云圖監(jiān)測站（monitoring stations），實(shí)時(shí)關(guān)注與地震發(fā)生直接相關(guān)的物理量——地下應(yīng)力和能量（underground stress and energy），從而形成它們的動(dòng)態(tài)演化圖。

新建設(shè)的川滇地下云圖網(wǎng)的主要科學(xué)目標(biāo)是，解決淺源（深度小于20千米）破壞性地震的臨震預(yù)報(bào)（to predict shallow earthquakes whose epicenters are less than 20 kilometers deep）難題。臨震預(yù)報(bào)（imminent earthquake prediction）是指對某地幾天以內(nèi)，在較小范圍內(nèi)可能發(fā)生的破壞性地震做出的預(yù)報(bào)。

按照科研計(jì)劃，地震預(yù)警四川省重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室、成都高新減災(zāi)研究所將用1至2年建成川滇地下云圖網(wǎng)；再用3年時(shí)間，運(yùn)用新建設(shè)的地下云圖網(wǎng)采集10個(gè)左右破壞性地震的案例（monitor the region for three years and expect to collect data on about 10 earthquakes in this period），進(jìn)行地震預(yù)報(bào)的內(nèi)部技術(shù)試驗(yàn)等。目前，首個(gè)地下云圖網(wǎng)監(jiān)測站和傳感設(shè)備，已在汶川縣映秀地震臺(tái)部署完成。

伊朗核協(xié)議 Iran nuclear deal

US President Donald Trump announced Tuesday he is quitting the Iran nuclear deal, pitting him against the United States' Western allies and leaving the future of Tehran's nuclear ambitions in question.

美國總統(tǒng)特朗普8日宣布將退出伊朗核協(xié)議，此舉使美國公然與其西方盟友針鋒相對，也令伊朗未來的核計(jì)劃充滿不確定性。

【何為伊核協(xié)議？】

當(dāng)?shù)貢r(shí)間2015年7月14日，伊核問題六國、歐盟和伊朗在奧地利維也納達(dá)成伊核問題全面協(xié)議。

全稱： 聯(lián)合全面行動(dòng)計(jì)劃(Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action)

參與國家：伊朗與國際調(diào)?！傲健?俄、美、英、中、法、德)

簽署時(shí)間：2015年7月14日

簽署地點(diǎn)：維也納

生效時(shí)間：2016年1月16日

要點(diǎn)：

1. Iran has agreed to dismantle most of its nuclear program, guaranteeing they would not be able to make a bomb for at least one year, over the course of 10 years.

伊朗同意廢除大部分核計(jì)劃，確保在未來10年當(dāng)中，伊朗沒有能力在一年內(nèi)制造出核彈。

2. Iran’s 19,000 installed centrifuges will have to be cut to no more than 6,104 for the next 10 years. The 13,000 decommissioned centrifuges will be sent to monitored storage by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA).

伊朗目前已安裝的1.9萬臺(tái)離心機(jī)將被縮減至6104臺(tái)以下。1.3萬臺(tái)拆解的離心機(jī)將被移送至由國際原子能機(jī)構(gòu)監(jiān)控的存放地點(diǎn)。

3. Iran has also agreed to reduce its stockpile of enriched uranium (the material needed to make a bomb) by 98 percent and agreed to halt further enrichment. That material would either be diluted or sold.

伊朗還同意將濃縮鈾（制造核彈的材料）的儲(chǔ)備減少98%，并中止鈾濃縮項(xiàng)目。削減的濃縮鈾將被稀釋或者出售。

4.The heavy water nuclear reactor in Arak will be redesigned, preventing Iran from producing weapons grade plutonium there. Iran will ship the spent fuel from Arak and over the next 15 years Iran will not build any new heavy water reactors.

位于阿拉克的重水核子反應(yīng)爐將被重新設(shè)計(jì)，以防止伊朗生產(chǎn)武器級別的钚。伊朗將運(yùn)走阿拉克基地內(nèi)的燃料，在未來15年內(nèi)都不會(huì)再建造任何新的重水反應(yīng)堆。

5. If Iran breaks its commitments, all sanctions could be quickly snapped back into place, according to the terms of the agreement.

談判協(xié)議規(guī)定，如果伊朗不履行承諾，所有的制裁將迅速恢復(fù)。

在白宮發(fā)表的電視講話中，特朗普稱伊核協(xié)議是“已經(jīng)腐爛了”的協(xié)議：

"It is clear to me that we cannot prevent an Iranian nuclear bomb under the decaying and rotten structure of the current agreement."

很顯然，在如今這個(gè)架子已經(jīng)腐爛了的協(xié)議下，我們根本無法阻止伊朗擁有核武器。

"This was a horrible one-sided deal that should have never, ever been made. It didn't bring calm, it didn't bring peace, and it never will."

這是一個(gè)糟糕的單方面獲益的協(xié)議，從一開始就不該被簽訂。它過去沒有帶來平靜與和平，將來也永遠(yuǎn)不可能。

特朗普還表示，美國將重啟對伊朗的制裁：

“We will be instituting the highest level of economic sanction. Any nation that helps Iran in its quest for nuclear weapons could also be strongly sanctioned by the United States.”

我們將制定最嚴(yán)厲的經(jīng)濟(jì)制裁，任何幫助伊朗尋求核武器的國家也會(huì)遭到美國的嚴(yán)厲制裁。

他在簽署重新制裁伊朗政權(quán)的總統(tǒng)備忘錄前說，這一舉措是要傳達(dá)一個(gè)重要信息：

“The United States no longer makes empty threats.”

美國不會(huì)再只做空洞的威脅。

作為回應(yīng)，伊朗表示暫時(shí)會(huì)留在協(xié)議框架之內(nèi)，但是已做好準(zhǔn)備，如有必要，重新啟動(dòng)核武器的研究。

伊朗總統(tǒng)魯哈尼（Hassan Rouhani）說：

"I have ordered the Atomic Energy Organisation of Iran to be ready for action if needed, so that if necessary we can resume our enrichment on an industrial level without any limitations."

我已經(jīng)命令伊朗原子能組織做好準(zhǔn)備，如有必要，不設(shè)限制地重新開始我們工業(yè)級別的鈾濃縮。

聯(lián)合國秘書長古特雷斯（UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres）對此表示擔(dān)憂，他說：

"I am deeply concerned by today's announcement that the United States will be withdrawing from the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) and will begin reinstating US sanctions (against Iran)."

對于美國今天宣布退出《聯(lián)合全面行動(dòng)計(jì)劃》并重啟對伊朗制裁的決定，我深表擔(dān)憂。

"I call on other JCPOA participants to abide fully by their respective commitments under the JCPOA and on all other (UN) member states to support this agreement."

我呼吁其他伊核協(xié)議參與方嚴(yán)格遵守各自的承諾，也希望聯(lián)合國其他成員國支持該協(xié)議。

另一方面，特朗普的決定讓美國的歐洲盟友們感到手足無措。

英、法、德三國領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人共同發(fā)布聲明，對特朗普的決定表示“遺憾和擔(dān)憂”（regret and concern），并宣布他們將繼續(xù)遵守伊核協(xié)議。

不過，伊朗在中東的勁敵以色列就強(qiáng)烈贊同美國的決定。

Trump won strong backing from Saudi Arabia and Israel, whose leader, Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, hailed him for a “historic move” and “courageous leadership.”

特朗普獲得了沙特阿拉伯和以色列的全力支持。以色列總理內(nèi)塔尼亞胡盛贊特朗普做了一個(gè)“歷史性的舉措”，彰顯了“有膽識(shí)的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力”。

【中方表態(tài)】

5月9日，外交部例行記者會(huì)上有記者就此問題提問：北京時(shí)間5月9日凌晨，美總統(tǒng)特朗普宣布美終止參與伊朗核問題全面協(xié)議，但伊朗稱只要其他各方繼續(xù)履行協(xié)議，伊朗仍將遵守協(xié)議。中方對此的立場是什么？

外交部發(fā)言人耿爽回答：

中方對美方所做決定表示遺憾。伊朗核問題全面協(xié)議是由六國、歐盟和伊朗共同談判達(dá)成的多邊協(xié)議，并經(jīng)過安理會(huì)第2231號決議核可，所有各方都應(yīng)當(dāng)認(rèn)真執(zhí)行，維護(hù)全面協(xié)議的完整性和嚴(yán)肅性。這有利于維護(hù)國際核不擴(kuò)散體系，促進(jìn)中東地區(qū)和平與穩(wěn)定，對通過政治手段解決熱點(diǎn)問題也具有示范意義。

China regrets the decision made by the US side. The JCPOA is a multilateral agreement reached by the P5+1, the European Union and Iran through negotiations and endorsed by the UN Security Council Resolution 2231. All relevant parties should implement the JCPOA in good faith and ensure its integrity and sanctity. This will contribute to upholding the international non-proliferation regime and peace and stability in the Middle East and will play an exemplary role for the political settlement of hot-spot issues.

當(dāng)前形勢下，中方呼吁所有各方本著負(fù)責(zé)任態(tài)度，從長遠(yuǎn)和大局出發(fā)，堅(jiān)持政治外交解決方向，妥善管控分歧，盡快回到繼續(xù)執(zhí)行全面協(xié)議的正確軌道上來。中方將本著客觀、公正和負(fù)責(zé)任態(tài)度，同各方保持對話協(xié)商，繼續(xù)致力于維護(hù)和執(zhí)行全面協(xié)議。

Under the current circumstances, China calls on all relevant parties to assume a responsible attitude, bear in mind the long-term and overall picture, stay committed to the political and diplomatic solution, properly handle differences and come back as soon as possible to the right track of continuing with the implementation of the JCPOA. China will maintain dialogue and consultation with all relevant parties and stay committed to upholding and implementing the JCPOA in an objective, unbiased and responsible attitude.

中日韓+X”模式 "China-Japan-South Korea+X" framework

China, Japan and South Korea are three big economies in the world, and are each other's key partner in trade and economic cooperation, said the Chinese premier, adding that they shoulder great responsibilities for boosting regional development, guiding regional economic integration and safeguarding regional peace and stability.

李克強(qiáng)表示，中日韓作為世界三大經(jīng)濟(jì)體，互為重要經(jīng)貿(mào)合作伙伴，對促進(jìn)地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展、引領(lǐng)區(qū)域一體化進(jìn)程、維護(hù)地區(qū)和平穩(wěn)定負(fù)有重要責(zé)任。

面對當(dāng)前復(fù)雜多變的國際政治經(jīng)濟(jì)形勢，中日韓加強(qiáng)合作不僅是三國自身發(fā)展的需要，也是地區(qū)國家和國際社會(huì)的共同期待（accord with the expectations of the region and the international community at large）。三方應(yīng)抓住機(jī)遇，擴(kuò)大利益融合，努力推動(dòng)地區(qū)持久和平與共同繁榮。

第一，積累政治互信，營造良好氛圍。

Build up political mutual trust and create a favorable environment.

第二，共同維護(hù)自由貿(mào)易，推動(dòng)區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)一體化。

Safeguard free trade and promote regional economic integration.

第三，打造“中日韓+X”模式，促進(jìn)地區(qū)可持續(xù)發(fā)展。

Work to explore cooperation within a "China-Japan-South Korea+X" framework to quicken regional development.

應(yīng)集聚三方優(yōu)勢，通過“中日韓+X”模式，在產(chǎn)能合作（production capacity cooperation）、防災(zāi)減災(zāi)（disaster prevention and mitigation）、節(jié)能環(huán)保（energy saving and environmental protection）等領(lǐng)域?qū)嵤┞?lián)合項(xiàng)目，帶動(dòng)和促進(jìn)本地區(qū)國家實(shí)現(xiàn)更好更快發(fā)展。

第四，深化人文交流，夯實(shí)民意基礎(chǔ)。

Enhance people-to-people exchanges and lay a solid popular foundation.

第五，鼓勵(lì)技術(shù)創(chuàng)新，推進(jìn)減貧、環(huán)保、抗災(zāi)等工作，促進(jìn)全球包容增長。

Encourage technological innovation, carry forward projects in poverty reduction, environmental protection and disaster prevention, and enhance inclusive global growth.

習(xí)金會(huì) Xi, Kim meet over peninsula issue

5月7日至8日，中共中央總書記、國家主席習(xí)近平同朝鮮勞動(dòng)黨委員長、國務(wù)委員會(huì)委員長金正恩在大連舉行會(huì)晤。

習(xí)近平同金正恩舉行會(huì)談，并為金正恩舉行歡迎晚宴，一同散步、出席午宴，在親切友好的氣氛中，兩黨兩國最高領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人就中朝關(guān)系及共同關(guān)心的重大問題全面深入交換意見。

"After the first meeting between me and Comrade Chairman, both China-DPRK relations and the Korean Peninsula situation have made positive progress. I feel happy about it," he said. Xi said he was willing to meet Kim again to make joint efforts to push the healthy and stable development of China-DPRK relations, realize long-lasting peace and stability on the Korean Peninsula, and promote regional peace, stability and prosperity.

習(xí)近平指出，我同委員長同志首次會(huì)晤以來，中朝關(guān)系和朝鮮半島形勢均取得積極進(jìn)展，我對此感到高興，愿同委員長同志再次舉行會(huì)晤，共同為推動(dòng)中朝關(guān)系健康穩(wěn)定發(fā)展、實(shí)現(xiàn)朝鮮半島長治久安、促進(jìn)地區(qū)和平穩(wěn)定繁榮作出努力。

習(xí)近平強(qiáng)調(diào)，今年3月，我同委員長同志在北京實(shí)現(xiàn)了歷史性首次會(huì)晤，進(jìn)行了長時(shí)間深入交流，就發(fā)展新時(shí)代中朝關(guān)系(developing China-DPRK relations in the new era)達(dá)成了四方面原則共識(shí)。

First, the China-DPRK traditional friendship has been a treasure of both countries. It is an unswerving principle and the only correct choice for both countries to develop the friendly and cooperative China-DPRK relations.

第一，中朝傳統(tǒng)友誼是雙方共同的寶貴財(cái)富，發(fā)展好中朝友好合作關(guān)系是雙方堅(jiān)定不移的方針，也是唯一正確選擇。

Second, both China and the DPRK are socialist countries, and their bilateral relations are of major strategic significance. Both sides need to enhance unity, cooperation, exchanges and mutual learning.

第二，中朝同為社會(huì)主義國家，雙邊關(guān)系具有重大戰(zhàn)略意義，要加強(qiáng)團(tuán)結(jié)合作、交流互鑒。

Third, high-level exchanges between the two parties play an irreplaceably significant role in guiding bilateral relations, Xi said. The two sides should maintain frequent exchanges, strengthen strategic communication, deepen understanding and mutual trust, and safeguard common interests.

第三，兩黨高層交往對于引領(lǐng)雙邊關(guān)系具有不可替代的重大作用，雙方應(yīng)保持經(jīng)常往來，加強(qiáng)戰(zhàn)略溝通，增加理解互信，維護(hù)共同利益。

Fourth, cementing the people-to-people friendship foundation is an important channel to advance the development of China-DPRK relations, Xi said. The two sides should, by multiple means, enhance people-to-people communication and exchanges to create a sound foundation of popular will for the advancement of China-DPRK relations.

第四，夯實(shí)民間友好基礎(chǔ)是推進(jìn)中朝關(guān)系發(fā)展的重要途徑，應(yīng)通過多種形式，加強(qiáng)兩國人民交流往來，為中朝關(guān)系發(fā)展?fàn)I造良好民意基礎(chǔ)。

在雙方共同努力下，各項(xiàng)共識(shí)正在得到良好的貫徹落實(shí)(all of these consensuses are being well implemented)。一個(gè)多月時(shí)間內(nèi)，我同委員長同志兩度會(huì)晤，保持著密切溝通。我愿同委員長同志一道，繼續(xù)指導(dǎo)雙方有關(guān)部門落實(shí)好我們達(dá)成的共識(shí)，推動(dòng)中朝關(guān)系不斷向前發(fā)展，造福兩國和兩國人民，為本地區(qū)和平穩(wěn)定作出積極貢獻(xiàn)。

談到朝鮮半島形勢時(shí)，習(xí)近平指出，我同委員長同志首次會(huì)晤時(shí)就此深入交換了意見，達(dá)成重要共識(shí)。近段時(shí)間，委員長同志在推動(dòng)半島對話緩和方面作出了積極努力(make active efforts to promote dialogue and easing of tension on the peninsula)，取得積極成果。中方支持朝方堅(jiān)持半島無核化，支持朝美對話協(xié)商解決半島問題，愿繼續(xù)同有關(guān)各方一道，為全面推進(jìn)半島問題和平對話解決進(jìn)程、實(shí)現(xiàn)地區(qū)長治久安發(fā)揮積極作用。

Kim said comrade-like trust and friendship between the elder generations of leaders of the two parties and countries form the close bond and solid foundation for the traditional friendship between the DPRK and China.

金正恩表示，朝中兩黨兩國老一輩領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人同志式的相互信任和情義，是朝中傳統(tǒng)友誼的親密紐帶和堅(jiān)實(shí)根基。

我同總書記同志繼承這一良好傳統(tǒng)，舉行卓有成效的歷史性會(huì)晤，推動(dòng)朝中關(guān)系迎來了前所未有的活躍發(fā)展(promote the unprecedentedly vigorous development of the DPRK-China relations)。

It has been the DPRK's consistent and clear stand to achieve denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula, Kim said. As long as relevant parties abolish their hostile policies and remove security threats against the DPRK, there is no need for the DPRK to be a nuclear state and denuclearization can be realized, he said.

他表示，實(shí)現(xiàn)朝鮮半島無核化是朝方始終如一的明確立場。只要有關(guān)方面消除對朝敵視政策和安全威脅，朝方?jīng)]有必要擁核，無核化是可以實(shí)現(xiàn)的。

希望通過朝美對話建立互信，有關(guān)各方負(fù)責(zé)任地采取分階段、同步性的措施(take phased and synchronous measures in a responsible manner)，全面推進(jìn)半島問題政治解決進(jìn)程(comprehensively advance the political settlement of the Korean Peninsula issue)，最終實(shí)現(xiàn)半島無核化和持久和平。

海試 sea trial

The People's Liberation Army Navy said in a statement the sea trial aims to demonstrate the reliability and capability of the ship's propulsion systems, adding its construction has been proceeding well.

海軍在聲明中表示，此次海試主要檢測驗(yàn)證動(dòng)力系統(tǒng)等設(shè)備的可靠性和穩(wěn)定性，并稱航母建造工作正在穩(wěn)步推進(jìn)。

自2017年4月26日下水（undocking）以來，第二艘航母建造工作按照計(jì)劃穩(wěn)步推進(jìn)，完成了系統(tǒng)設(shè)備調(diào)試（system and equipment debugging）、舾裝施工（outfitting）和相關(guān)系泊試驗(yàn)（comprehensive mooring trials），具備了出海試驗(yàn)的技術(shù)條件。

按照國際通行標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，新航母從下水到交付海軍，一般需要幾次試驗(yàn)和試航（sea trials），主要有合同試驗(yàn)（contract test）、性能試驗(yàn)（performance test）與特殊性試驗(yàn)（specificity test）。

2012年9月25日，我國首艘航空母艦“遼寧艦”正式交接入列（delivered and commissioned to the People's Liberation Army）。這艘航母（外殼）是1998年從烏克蘭購買，經(jīng)過平臺(tái)改造（refitting）后，主要用于科研、試驗(yàn)和訓(xùn)練（scientific research, test and training）。

航空母艦001A全部建成之后，中國將成為繼美國、俄羅斯、英國、法國、意大利和西班牙之后全球第七個(gè)有能力自行建造航母（capable of building domestic aircraft carrier）的國家。

順風(fēng)車 "hitch" ride service

Didi Chuxing, a car-hailing service company, said on Wednesday that it will suspend its "hitch" ride service from 10 pm to 6 am as part of its response to the killing of a female passenger. Passengers and drivers will receive safety warnings for orders near 10 pm.

作為對此前女乘客遇害事件的回應(yīng)，滴滴出行周三表示，將暫停接受22點(diǎn)-6點(diǎn)期間出發(fā)的順風(fēng)車訂單。在臨近22點(diǎn)時(shí)接受的訂單，在出發(fā)前會(huì)對合乘雙方進(jìn)行安全提示。

在此次整改措施中，滴滴出行表示，順風(fēng)車服務(wù)下線所有個(gè)性化標(biāo)簽和評論功能（remove the features of personalized tags and comments），順風(fēng)車平臺(tái)合乘雙方的個(gè)人信息和頭像改為僅自己可見，外顯頭像全部為系統(tǒng)默認(rèn)的虛擬頭像（default profile photo）。同時(shí)，每次出車前司機(jī)都要進(jìn)行人臉識(shí)別（facial recognition）。

順風(fēng)車（ride sharing/hitch ride）只是網(wǎng)約車平臺(tái)提供的眾多服務(wù)之一，其他還包括專車（tailored taxi service）、快車（fast ride）、出租車（taxi hailing）、單車（bike sharing）、代駕（chauffeuring）、自駕租車（car rental）等。

在保障乘客安全方面，滴滴將把緊急求助（emergency call）功能提升至頁面的顯著位置，除了原有功能外，乘客還可一鍵撥打110、120、122及平臺(tái)安全客服等求助電話。

最后附上一些搭乘網(wǎng)約車、出租車的安全小貼士。大家出行時(shí)一定要注意安全！

不乘坐“黑的”

Stay away from illegal taxi

告訴朋友你的搭車信息

Share your trip details with a friend

盡量不要拼車

Avoid car-pooling

盡量不要坐副駕駛

Sit in the backseat

不要透露個(gè)人信息

Do not share your personal information

自己在手機(jī)上導(dǎo)航

Navigate from your phone

民營自研商用亞軌道火箭 commercial sub-orbital rocket designed and built by a private enterprise

The OS-X suborbital rocket, developed and made by OneSpace Technology. It flew 306 seconds and traveled 273 kilometers through the atmosphere before falling back to the ground, the company said.

OS—X亞軌道火箭由零壹空間航天科技公司研發(fā)，飛行時(shí)間306秒，飛行距離273公里，在落入地面之前一直在大氣層內(nèi)飛行。

“重慶兩江之星”為零壹空間OS-X系列的首型火箭，也是中國首枚民營自研商用亞軌道火箭（China's first commercial sub-orbital rocket designed and built by a private enterprise）。該火箭長度9米，總重7200公斤。

該火箭可靈活配置燃?xì)舛妫╣as rudder）、空氣舵（air rudder）、姿控動(dòng)力（attitude control）等多種控制機(jī)構(gòu)，并具有很強(qiáng)的控制能力，可以根據(jù)用戶的需求進(jìn)行定制化設(shè)計(jì)，能夠滿足飛行試驗(yàn)所需的各類復(fù)雜飛行彈道。

首飛實(shí)現(xiàn)了長時(shí)間臨近空間有控飛行（a long, controllable flight），獲取了大量真實(shí)飛行環(huán)境數(shù)據(jù)。值得一提的是，本次飛行試驗(yàn)中，零壹空間開展了國內(nèi)首次“減阻桿（drag-mitigating pole）”“低成本能源（low-cost energy）”“箭上無線通訊（built-in wireless communications devices）”等創(chuàng)新技術(shù)的研究，為簡化火箭系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)、降低研制成本打下了堅(jiān)實(shí)基礎(chǔ)。

法律服務(wù)網(wǎng) legal service website

由司法部建設(shè)的中國法律服務(wù)網(wǎng)20日正式上線，為群眾提供高效便捷的公共法律服務(wù)。

Citizens can contact lawyers entrusted by the ministry for legal advice and search information about legal aid, mediation and other judicial services at the website "www.12348.gov.cn," according to a ministry press release.

司法部在新聞發(fā)布會(huì)上表示，群眾可以在中國法律服務(wù)網(wǎng)（www.12348.gov.cn）上聯(lián)系司法部委派的律師尋求法律咨詢，搜索法律援助、調(diào)解及其他司法服務(wù)方面的信息。

據(jù)介紹，中國法律服務(wù)網(wǎng)匯聚全國公共法律服務(wù)資源，整合38萬多家法律服務(wù)機(jī)構(gòu)（legal service agencies）和139萬多名法律服務(wù)人員數(shù)據(jù)，提供法律事務(wù)咨詢（legal advice）、法律服務(wù)指引（legal service consultation）、法律法規(guī)與案例查詢（search information about laws and regulations and cases）、信用信息公開（disclosure of credit information）等服務(wù)功能。

中國法律服務(wù)網(wǎng)的總體架構(gòu)為“一張網(wǎng)絡(luò)，兩級平臺(tái)（two platforms in one network）”，由一張網(wǎng)絡(luò)覆蓋全地域、全業(yè)務(wù)，縱向由部、省兩級平臺(tái)組成，平臺(tái)之間通過數(shù)據(jù)共享交換系統(tǒng)實(shí)現(xiàn)聯(lián)通，橫向包括門戶網(wǎng)站、“掌上12348”微信公眾號、移動(dòng)客戶端。

網(wǎng)站的智能法律咨詢系統(tǒng)提供24小時(shí)在線自助服務(wù)，根據(jù)公眾輸入問題，系統(tǒng)自動(dòng)生成免費(fèi)的“法律咨詢意見書”，目前已實(shí)現(xiàn)婚姻問題（marriage issues）、勞動(dòng)糾紛（labor disputes）、工傷賠償（work-related injury compensation)等6類案件類型。

下一步司法部將通過法網(wǎng)建設(shè)，進(jìn)一步融合公共法律服務(wù)實(shí)體、熱線和網(wǎng)絡(luò)三大平臺(tái)（further integrate the platforms of public legal service units, hotline and websites），科學(xué)配置法律服務(wù)資源，全面提升公共法律服務(wù)能力和水平（improve capability and quality of public legal service）。

中繼衛(wèi)星 relay satellite

China launched a relay satellite early Monday to set up a communication link between Earth and the planned Chang'e-4 lunar probe that will explore the mysterious far side of Moon, which can not be seen from Earth.

中國于21日凌晨發(fā)射中繼衛(wèi)星，將為將來實(shí)施的嫦娥四號月球背面軟著陸探測任務(wù)提供地月間的中繼通信。

The satellite, named Queqiao (Magpie Bridge), was carried by a Long March-4C rocket that blasted off at 5:28 a.m. from southwest China's Xichang Satellite Launch Center, according to the China National Space Administration (CNSA).

據(jù)中國國家航天局消息，這顆衛(wèi)星名為鵲橋，由長征四號丙運(yùn)載火箭于5時(shí)28分在西昌衛(wèi)星發(fā)射中心發(fā)射升空。

這是世界首顆運(yùn)行于地月拉格朗日L2點(diǎn)（簡稱地月L2點(diǎn)）的通信衛(wèi)星，將為2018年底擇機(jī)實(shí)施的嫦娥四號月球背面軟著陸探測任務(wù)提供地月間的中繼通信。

"The launch is a key step for China to realize its goal of being the first country to send a probe to soft-land on and rove the far side of the Moon," said Zhang Lihua, manager of the relay satellite project.

中國航天科技集團(tuán)有限公司五院“鵲橋”號中繼星項(xiàng)目經(jīng)理張立華說，“鵲橋的發(fā)射是中國成為首個(gè)實(shí)現(xiàn)探測器月球背面軟著陸和巡視勘察的國家的關(guān)鍵一步?！?/p>

長征四號丙運(yùn)載火箭飛行25分鐘后，星箭分離，將“鵲橋”直接送入近地點(diǎn)高度200公里，遠(yuǎn)地點(diǎn)高度40萬公里的預(yù)定地月轉(zhuǎn)移軌道，衛(wèi)星太陽翼和中繼通信天線相繼展開正常。

About 25 minutes after liftoff, the satellite separated from the rocket and entered an Earth-Moon transfer orbit with the perigee at 200 km and the apogee at about 400,000 km. The solar panels and the communication antennas were unfolded.

后續(xù)，“鵲橋”將經(jīng)中途修正、近月制動(dòng)和月球借力，進(jìn)入月球至地月L2點(diǎn)的轉(zhuǎn)移軌道，通過3次捕獲控制和修正后，最終進(jìn)入環(huán)繞地月L2點(diǎn)的使命軌道，地月L2點(diǎn)是衛(wèi)星相對于地球和月球基本保持靜止的一個(gè)空間點(diǎn)。

Queqiao is expected to enter a halo orbit around the second Lagrangian (L2) point of the Earth-Moon system, about 455,000 km from the Earth.

It will be the world's first communication satellite operating in that orbit.

區(qū)塊鏈產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈條 industrial chain for the blockchain sector

According to the white paper recently released by the ministry's Information Center, a complete industrial chain for the blockchain sector has emerged in China, ranging from hardware manufacturing, platform and security services, to application services, investment, media and human resources services. As of March, the number of blockchain tech companies in China reached 456.

白皮書稱，截至2018年3月底，我國的區(qū)塊鏈公司數(shù)量達(dá)到456家，涉及硬件制造、平臺(tái)服務(wù)、安全服務(wù)，到產(chǎn)業(yè)技術(shù)應(yīng)用服務(wù)，以及行業(yè)投融資、媒體、人才服務(wù)，區(qū)塊鏈產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈條已經(jīng)形成。

《白皮書》顯示，2017年是近幾年的區(qū)塊鏈創(chuàng)業(yè)高峰期（the peak year for blockchain development），由于區(qū)塊鏈概念的快速普及，以及技術(shù)的逐步成熟，很多創(chuàng)業(yè)者涌入這個(gè)領(lǐng)域，新成立公司數(shù)量達(dá)到178家。

從公司的地域分布狀況來看，地域分布相對集中，產(chǎn)業(yè)集聚效應(yīng)（industrial agglomeration effect）明顯。北京、上海、廣東、浙江依然是區(qū)塊鏈創(chuàng)業(yè)的集中地，區(qū)塊鏈企業(yè)占比超80%。

什么是區(qū)塊鏈？

工信部指導(dǎo)發(fā)布的《中國區(qū)塊鏈技術(shù)和應(yīng)用發(fā)展白皮書2016》這樣解釋：廣義來講，區(qū)塊鏈技術(shù)（blockchain technology）是利用塊鏈?zhǔn)綌?shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)（blockchain data structure）來驗(yàn)證與存儲(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù)、利用分布式節(jié)點(diǎn)共識(shí)算法（distributed consensus algorithm）來生成和更新數(shù)據(jù)、利用密碼學(xué)（cryptography）的方式保證數(shù)據(jù)傳輸和訪問的安全、利用由自動(dòng)化腳本代碼組成的智能合約來編程和操作數(shù)據(jù)的一種全新的分布式基礎(chǔ)架構(gòu)與計(jì)算范式。

簡單地說，區(qū)塊鏈就是一種去中心化的分布式賬本數(shù)據(jù)庫（decentralized and distributed ledger database）。去中心化，即與傳統(tǒng)中心化的方式不同，這里是沒有中心，或者說人人都是中心；分布式賬本數(shù)據(jù)庫，意味著記載方式不只是將賬本數(shù)據(jù)存儲(chǔ)在每個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn)，而且每個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn)會(huì)同步共享復(fù)制整個(gè)賬本的數(shù)據(jù)（simultaneously share a copy of the ledger）。

區(qū)塊鏈技術(shù)支撐的交易模式下，買家和賣家可直接交易，無需通過任何中介平臺(tái)（intermediary platform）。買賣雙方交易后，系統(tǒng)通過廣播的形式發(fā)布交易信息，所有收到信息的主機(jī)在確認(rèn)信息無誤后記錄下這筆交易，相當(dāng)于所有的主機(jī)都為這次交易做了數(shù)據(jù)備份。這種數(shù)據(jù)存儲(chǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)具有透明（transparent）、可追蹤（traceble）、不可篡改（unalterable）、數(shù)據(jù)安全（data security）等特點(diǎn)。

“特金會(huì)”紀(jì)念幣 commemorative coin

Members of the White House Communications Agency, which provides a range of communications support to US presidents, created and issued a commemorative coin featuring Trump and Kim's likeness with the words "PEACE TALKS" above them.

白宮通信局成員制作并發(fā)布了一款紀(jì)念幣，印有特朗普和金正恩的頭像，上方有“和談”二字。白宮通信局為美國總統(tǒng)提供通信支持。

紀(jì)念幣（commemorative coin）的一面是特朗普與金正恩的側(cè)臉，分別以兩國國旗為背景；“和談（peace talk）”兩側(cè)是兩國國名，the United States of America以及Democratic People's Republic of Korea；兩人側(cè)臉頭像的外圍印有雙方領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人的稱謂，特朗普為President Donald J. Trump，金正恩為Supreme Leader Kim Jong-Un；另一面是特朗普專機(jī)空軍一號以及白宮的畫面。

不過，這枚紀(jì)念幣并不是白宮參與定制的。

The coin -- which members of the White House Communications Agency create for every presidential trip abroad -- was not created or approved by the White House nor was it paid for using government funds.

這枚硬幣并非白宮定制或批準(zhǔn)，制作過程也沒有使用政府資金。白宮通信辦公室成員會(huì)為美國總統(tǒng)的每一次海外之行定制紀(jì)念幣。

白宮副發(fā)言人拉吉·沙赫（White House deputy press secretary Raj Shah）表示：

"Since 2003, White House Communications Agency members have ordered a limited number of commercially designed and manufactured souvenir travel coins for purchase," Shah said. "These coins are designed, manufactured and made by an American coin manufacturer. These souvenir coins are only ordered after a trip has been publicly announced. The White House did not have any input into the design and manufacture of the coin."

自2003年以來，白宮通信局成員就開始訂購一定數(shù)量的商業(yè)定制并生產(chǎn)的紀(jì)念旅行硬幣，用來出售。這些硬幣由一家美國硬幣制造商設(shè)計(jì)并制作。紀(jì)念幣只會(huì)在總統(tǒng)的行程公開以后才開始定制，白宮不會(huì)參與硬幣設(shè)計(jì)和生產(chǎn)的任何環(huán)節(jié)。

逃犯克星 fugitive trapper

On Sunday (May 20), police captured a fugitive at a concert by Jacky Cheung, held in Jiaxing, a city in eastern Zhejiang province. It was the third time in two months that facial recognition technology led to the arrest of a wanted person at one of Cheung’s concerts.

5月20日，警方在張學(xué)友嘉興演唱會(huì)上抓到一名逃犯。這已經(jīng)是警方在兩個(gè)月內(nèi)第三次在張學(xué)友演唱會(huì)上利用面部識(shí)別技術(shù)抓到逃犯。

4月7日晚，張學(xué)友南昌演唱會(huì)，警方通過安保人像識(shí)別功能，在看臺(tái)抓住了一名因涉嫌經(jīng)濟(jì)案件被警方列為網(wǎng)上追逃對象的逃犯敖某。

The 31-year-old man detained, who is wanted for unspecified economic crimes, was said to be in shock when police took him away.

這名逃犯31歲，涉嫌經(jīng)濟(jì)犯罪，據(jù)說在被警方帶走時(shí)很驚訝。

The man, who was only identified by his family name Ao, was quoted as saying he felt safe among such a huge crowd and would never have gone to the concert if he knew the police were capable of identifying him.

敖某說，在這么多人當(dāng)中覺得很安全，并表示如果知道警方能認(rèn)出自己絕對不會(huì)去演唱會(huì)。

5月5日晚，張學(xué)友贛州演唱會(huì)，警方在安檢過程中，利用高科技手段現(xiàn)場抓獲網(wǎng)逃1名。

Local police say the man was captured while passing through a security check to enter the venue. After facial-recognition cameras identified the man’s face from a database of suspects, officers at the concert made the arrest.

當(dāng)?shù)鼐奖硎?，該男子是在入口安檢時(shí)被抓獲的。面部識(shí)別監(jiān)控設(shè)備比對網(wǎng)上追逃人員數(shù)據(jù)庫后確定了該男子的身份，警方現(xiàn)場將其逮捕。

那么問題來了，張學(xué)友的這個(gè)外號“逃犯克星”用英語該怎么表達(dá)呢？

英國《每日郵報(bào)》用的是fugitive trapper

'King of Pop' is hailed as 'fugitive trapper' in China after police nab three wanted men in two months at his concerts

兩個(gè)月內(nèi)，演唱會(huì)送警方三逃犯，“歌神”被稱“逃犯克星”

Fugitive我們都知道是“逃犯”的意思，而trapper的本意是“設(shè)陷阱誘捕動(dòng)物的人（a person who traps animals, especially for their fur）”。從字面意思來理解的話，這里用trapper似乎表示張學(xué)友的演唱會(huì)本身就是為誘捕逃犯而設(shè)的一個(gè)局，似乎略有不妥。不過轉(zhuǎn)念一想，演唱會(huì)本身雖然不是局，但警方利用演唱會(huì)這個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)，通過面部識(shí)別系統(tǒng)比對現(xiàn)場人員，本身就是為了識(shí)別有記錄在案的違法犯罪分子，這樣看來，用trapper倒也合適。

Quartz網(wǎng)站則用了The Nemesis of Fugitives

Cheung is known as the “God of Songs,” and one of Hong Kong’s “Four Heavenly Kings,” the singer-actors who rocked the pop culture world in Asia in the 1990s. Now his unwitting involvement with a string of captures has won him a new nickname on China’s internet: “The Nemesis of Fugitives.”

張學(xué)友被稱為“歌神”，在上世紀(jì)90年代紅遍亞洲流行文化圈，是香港“四大天王”之一。如今，他的無心之舉導(dǎo)致逃犯落網(wǎng)，中國的網(wǎng)友們又送了他一個(gè)外號“逃犯克星”。

Nemesis簡單來說就是“報(bào)應(yīng)、懲罰”，發(fā)音是 [?n?m?s?s]，如果A is the nemesis of B，意思就是“A是對B的報(bào)應(yīng)/懲罰”，即 a situation, event, or person which causes them to be seriously harmed, especially as a punishment（A是能讓B受到嚴(yán)厲懲罰的情形、事件或人）。這個(gè)解釋有點(diǎn)命中注定的意思，不是事先安排的，但是，逃犯來張學(xué)友的演唱會(huì)，就會(huì)被警察抓到，的確有點(diǎn)“克星”的意味。

新聞網(wǎng)站asiaone直接用大白話natural enemy of fugitives

With the arrests, Cheung was dubbed by Chinese netizens as "natural enemy of fugitives", with the arrest scenarios at concerts setting off memes circulating on the internet.

因?yàn)檫@幾起逃犯落網(wǎng)事件，張學(xué)友被中國網(wǎng)友戲稱為“逃犯克星”，網(wǎng)絡(luò)上流傳著關(guān)于逃犯落網(wǎng)場景的各種惡搞。

Natural enemy，顧名思義就是“天敵”，天生就是跟你對著干的。人家雖然是知名歌手，但天生就有吸引逃犯到現(xiàn)場看演唱會(huì)的魅力，加上警方的高科技手段，逃犯落網(wǎng)也就不可避免了。

如果喜歡用中文詞來搜索英文解釋的話，有人可能會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)buster這個(gè)詞。

沒錯(cuò)，buster也有“克星”的意思，即 a person (or thing) that breaks up or overpowers something（能夠力克某事的人或事），比如，This detective is a crime-buster.（這位警探是犯罪克星。）不過，這里的“克星”強(qiáng)調(diào)的是專門的目的性，也就是說，這個(gè)人專職做這件事，而且很擅長。張學(xué)友并不是專門抓逃犯的歌手，稱他為fugitive-buster自然有點(diǎn)不合適。不過，如果我們說the facial recognition technology is a fugitive-buster，應(yīng)該沒人會(huì)反對吧？

汽車進(jìn)口關(guān)稅 automobile import tariffs

China will slash import tariffs for automobiles and vehicle components starting July 1 as part of its efforts to further open up the world's largest car market, the Ministry of Finance said on Tuesday.

財(cái)政部22日表示，自7月1日起，我國將降低汽車整車及零部件進(jìn)口關(guān)稅，這是我國作為世界最大汽車市場進(jìn)一步開放的部分舉措。

汽車進(jìn)口關(guān)稅(automobile import tariffs)主要由關(guān)稅(tariff)、消費(fèi)稅(consumption tax)、增值稅(value-added tax)三部分構(gòu)成。其中消費(fèi)稅是根據(jù)進(jìn)口汽車排氣量(imported automobiles' exhaust)而定的，排氣量越大的汽車消費(fèi)稅越高。相對于原本高昂的價(jià)格，降低關(guān)稅可以有效減少進(jìn)口車一部分的價(jià)格。據(jù)財(cái)政部網(wǎng)站消息稱，目前稅率為20-25%的汽車整車稅率(automobile tariffs)將降至15%；目前稅率為8%-25%的汽車零部件稅率將降至6%。

中國汽車流通協(xié)會(huì)有形市場分會(huì)常務(wù)副理事長蘇暉表示，此次下調(diào)關(guān)稅對豪華車市場(luxury car market)的影響最大，而對中端車和經(jīng)濟(jì)型轎車(intermediate and economy cars)影響相對較小。由于高檔車(premium car)本身價(jià)格就很高昂，如果下調(diào)10%對價(jià)格成本的影響就會(huì)很大。行業(yè)分析人士稱，下調(diào)汽車及零部件進(jìn)口關(guān)稅將降低進(jìn)口汽車售價(jià)(make imported vehicles less expensive)，利好國內(nèi)廣大消費(fèi)者(benefit the vast number of consumers in China)并鼓勵(lì)行業(yè)競爭(encourage competition in the industry)。

煎餅馃子 Chinese savoury crepe

近日，天津市餐飲行業(yè)協(xié)會(huì)批準(zhǔn)了《天津市地方傳統(tǒng)名吃 制作加工技術(shù)規(guī)范 天津煎餅馃子》。這一規(guī)范從5月26日起實(shí)施。

煎餅馃子有了技術(shù)規(guī)范 薄餅直徑不小于38cm

這份標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)定了天津煎餅馃子的術(shù)語與定義、原、輔料要求、制作場所及設(shè)備要求、加工過程衛(wèi)生及人員要求、制作工藝要求、標(biāo)識(shí)、包裝、運(yùn)輸與貯存等內(nèi)容。

我們來看看這份標(biāo)準(zhǔn)都做了哪些規(guī)定：

煎餅馃子有了技術(shù)規(guī)范 薄餅直徑不小于38cm

? 天津煎餅馃子的原料（ingredients）是綠豆面（green bean flour）、小米面（millet flour）、雞蛋、面粉等；

? 輔料（dressings）包括面醬、蔥末（chopped scallions）、辣醬（chili sauce）、腐乳（醬豆腐）、芝麻；

? 馃子又稱油條（deep-fried dough sticks）；馃箅（bì）兒是油炸面制食品，薄、脆，形狀方形；

? 刷子攤成的薄餅直徑應(yīng)在38~45cm；

? 成品建議兩小時(shí)內(nèi)食用（to be consumed within 2 hours）。

煎餅馃子分會(huì)秘書長宋冠鳴在接受中國日報(bào)采訪時(shí)表示：

"Our move has triggered debates over whether it is meaningful to unify the cooking standards of the food," Song said.

宋冠鳴說，“我們的這一舉措引發(fā)了大量討論，網(wǎng)友質(zhì)疑是否有必要為煎餅制定統(tǒng)一的制作標(biāo)準(zhǔn)?！?/p>

The renowned Chinese snack jianbing guozi, deep-fried dough sticks rolled in a thin pancake(also known as Chinese savoury crepe), has a history of 600 years in Tianjin and has become a favorite gourmet flavor worldwide, Song said.

宋冠鳴介紹稱，煎餅馃子作為中國知名小吃在天津有600年的歷史，而且已經(jīng)成為世界各地都喜愛的一種美食。

煎餅馃子有了技術(shù)規(guī)范 薄餅直徑不小于38cm

"However, it's not our aim to make it standard like KFC fast food. We just aim to better regulate the cooking process, techniques and health safety for the time-honored Tianjin style in its hometown."

“但我們的目的并不是把煎餅做成肯德基這樣的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化快餐。我們只是希望更好地規(guī)范這一歷史悠久的天津名吃的加工過程、制作工藝和食品衛(wèi)生?！?/p>

宋冠鳴稱，制定團(tuán)體標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的初衷，是為了讓天津煎餅馃子在傳統(tǒng)化、統(tǒng)一化、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化的道路上走得更遠(yuǎn)。

The association indicated that it doesn't mean to regulate the proportions of the ingredients, the taste of the sauce or make every stand selling it provide the same flavor.

煎餅馃子分會(huì)表示，他們不會(huì)限定作料的用量和面醬的味道，也不會(huì)要求每個(gè)煎餅攤做出同一個(gè)口味的煎餅。

However, it is dedicated to protecting the techniques of the most traditional jianbing guozi.

但協(xié)會(huì)將致力于保護(hù)傳統(tǒng)煎餅制作工藝。

中華文明探源工程 the project aimed at tracing the origins of Chinese civilization

The project aimed at tracing the origins of Chinese civilization released its archaeological research results on Monday. According to its findings, Chinese civilization can be traced back more than 5,000 years based on the large-scale archaeological research in many domestic ruins.

中華文明探源工程28日發(fā)布考古研究成果，在國內(nèi)多個(gè)遺址進(jìn)行的大規(guī)?？脊叛芯孔C實(shí)，中華文明可以追溯到5000多年以前。

中國國家文物局副局長關(guān)強(qiáng)介紹，探源工程是以考古調(diào)查發(fā)掘（archaeological research）為獲取相關(guān)資料的主要手段，以現(xiàn)代科學(xué)技術(shù)為支撐，采取多學(xué)科交叉研究（multidisciplinary scientific research）的方式，揭示中華民族5000年文明起源與早期發(fā)展的重大科研項(xiàng)目。該工程由中國社科院考古研究所（the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences' Institute of Archaeology）、北京大學(xué)考古文博學(xué)院（Peking University's School of Archaeology and Museology）牽頭，聯(lián)合近70家科研院所、高等院校和地方考古研究機(jī)構(gòu)共同參與。

多年來，探源工程專家聚焦良渚、陶寺、石峁、二里頭等都邑性遺址（capital city-level sites），以田野考古（field archaeology）工作為中心，為實(shí)證5000年中華文明提供重要證據(jù)。

經(jīng)過多年研究，專家們對中華文明起源和早期發(fā)展的過程進(jìn)行了梗概式描述。

Signs of civilization emerged around 5,800 years ago in areas of the Yellow River, the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, and the West Liao River in Northeast China

距今5800年前后，黃河、長江中下游以及西遼河等區(qū)域出現(xiàn)了文明起源跡象；

Around 5,300 years ago, some regions along the Yangtze River, the Yellow River and the western bank of Liaohe River (in Northeast China) stepped into the age of civilization.

距今5300年以來，長江、黃河以及遼河西岸部分地區(qū)陸續(xù)進(jìn)入了文明階段；

A more mature civilization took shape in central China around 3,800 years ago and spread cultural influence around, becoming the focus and leader in formation of the Chinese civilization.

距今3800年前后，中原地區(qū)形成了更為成熟的文明形態(tài)，并向四方輻射文化影響力，成為中華文明總進(jìn)程的核心與引領(lǐng)者。

（中國日報(bào)網(wǎng)英語點(diǎn)津 馬文英）