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The People in Your (Extended) Family
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我們都知道在漢語(yǔ)中,對(duì)不同的親屬稱謂不同,不但有父系和母系的區(qū)別,還有南北地域差異。相比之下,很多人覺(jué)得英語(yǔ)中的親戚關(guān)系就簡(jiǎn)單多了,不管叔叔舅舅姑父姨夫,都是uncle,不管祖父祖母外公外婆,都是grandparent。
但你知道third cousin,second cousin once removed是什么嗎?下面我們就來(lái)認(rèn)識(shí)一下這些英語(yǔ)中的“遠(yuǎn)房親戚”。
Let's start with the first generally well-known circle beyond the nuclear family of parents and siblings: parents of your parents are your grandparents; children of your siblings are nieces and nephews; siblings of your parents are aunts and uncles; children of your aunts and uncles are first cousins.
讓我們先從眾所周知的核心家庭圈,也就是父母和兄弟姐妹開(kāi)始:你父母的父母是你的grandparents(祖父母);你兄弟姐妹的子女是你的nieces和nephews(侄女侄子、外甥/外甥女);你父母的兄弟姐妹是你的aunts和uncles(阿姨/姑姑、叔伯/舅舅);你的阿姨/姑姑或叔伯/舅舅的子女是你的first cousins(堂/表兄弟姐妹)。
All that's pretty familiar territory.
這些都是大家非常熟悉的親戚。
Taking a peek next at the most direct line of the generations that precede us, we have greats and grands: your grandparents' parents are your great-grandparents; their parents are your great-great-grandparents, and so on. And just as your parents' siblings are aunts and uncles, so are your grandparents' siblings great-aunts (or grandaunts) and great-uncles (or granduncles), and your great-grandparents' siblings great-great-aunts and great-great-uncles, and so on.
接下來(lái),再來(lái)看看我們祖輩和曾祖輩的直系親屬:你祖父母的父母是你的great-grandparents(曾祖父母);他們的父母是你的great-great-grandparents(高祖父母)等等。你父母的兄弟姐妹是你的aunts和uncles,所以你祖父母的兄弟姐妹就是great-aunts或grandaunts和great-uncles或granduncles,而你高祖父母的兄弟姐妹是great-great-aunts和great-great-uncles等等。
以上親屬的英文稱呼我們都比較熟悉,但是從cousin開(kāi)始,你可能就要被繞糊涂了。
First cousins
Second Cousins
以此類推,還有third, fourth, and fifth cousins……。
還有一種cousins,叫first cousins once removed,“隔了一代的第一代表親”又是什么意思呢?
First cousins once removed
The degree of a cousin (first, second, third, etc.) doesn't change between generations, but the word removed is used to signal a different generation. Your first cousin —let's say it's Sue— is also a first cousin to your own child, but is removed by a generation, making Sue your child's first cousin once removed.
表親關(guān)系不管是一代、二代還是三代的,都不因?yàn)檩叿肿兓兓?,而removed這個(gè)單詞是用來(lái)表示兩人不屬于同一輩的情況。假設(shè)蘇是你的第一代表親,那么她也是你孩子的第一代表親,但是這中間差了一輩,因此蘇就是你孩子的first cousin once removed。
Removed表示兩個(gè)人不是一代人。你和你的first cousin是一代人,所以你們之間不能說(shuō)removed。而你的first cousin和你的子女不是一代人,兩個(gè)人之間差一個(gè)輩分就是once removed,如果差兩個(gè)輩分就是first cousin twice removed。
如果你明白了以上的規(guī)律,那么就不難理解second cousin once removed的意思。
英文來(lái)源:merriam-webster.com
翻譯&編輯:董靜
審校:yaning
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