【中國(guó)新聞社和中國(guó)新聞網(wǎng)記者】

謝謝主持人?？偫砟愫?。據(jù)了解，現(xiàn)在有些地方的養(yǎng)老金發(fā)放已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)困難，一些市縣在靠貸款發(fā)放養(yǎng)老金。請(qǐng)問(wèn)總理，中央政府是坐視不管還是準(zhǔn)備為他們買單？謝謝。
Governments in some localities are having difficulty in paying pension benefits. Governments of some cities and counties have even borrowed money to make the payments. My question is, will the central government sit by and be hands off, or will the central government foot their bills?

【李克強(qiáng)】

你提的這個(gè)問(wèn)題的確很尖銳，如實(shí)告訴你，確實(shí)有個(gè)別地方發(fā)生了養(yǎng)老金發(fā)放困難的問(wèn)題，但這是一地之難、一時(shí)之急。中國(guó)現(xiàn)在實(shí)施的是養(yǎng)老金省級(jí)統(tǒng)籌，省級(jí)政府有責(zé)任、也有能力通過(guò)多方籌集資金，來(lái)保證養(yǎng)老金的發(fā)放，確有突出困難的，只要地方政府盡力了，中央政府是會(huì)給予補(bǔ)助的。這三年中央財(cái)政就拿了上萬(wàn)億元，但有一條，地方必須盡職盡責(zé)，而且中央政府要督促養(yǎng)老金按時(shí)足額發(fā)放。
You raised quite a sharp question. Honestly speaking, it is true that some localities have found it hard to make pension benefits payments, but these are only isolated cases. Now the pension schemes in China are managed at the provincial level. Our provincial governments have the responsibility and capability to raise funds through various channels to ensure the payments for pension benefits. If local governments have done their best, but still have special difficulty, the central government is prepared to extend help. In the past three years, the central government has earmarked one trillion yuan in this respect, make no mistake, local governments must exert their utmost, and the central government will supervise local governments to make sure that pension benefits are paid on time and in full.

大家都有退休、都有需要養(yǎng)老的一天，這里我想做個(gè)安民告示，從全面長(zhǎng)期來(lái)看，中國(guó)政府對(duì)中國(guó)公民保證養(yǎng)老金發(fā)放是沒(méi)有問(wèn)題的。我們?nèi)ツ牮B(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)收支結(jié)余3400多億元，累計(jì)結(jié)余34000多億元，我們還有全國(guó)的社會(huì)保障基金儲(chǔ)備16000億元沒(méi)有動(dòng)，同時(shí)還能夠劃撥國(guó)有資產(chǎn)來(lái)充實(shí)養(yǎng)老基金。所以可以肯定地說(shuō)，老有所養(yǎng)不會(huì)、也絕不能是一句空話。謝謝。
One day, we will all be retired and live on pension benefits. So here's the message of reassurance. That is, nationally speaking and in the long run, there will absolutely be no problem in meeting pension payments by the Chinese government. Last year, the surplus of our pension insurance schemes was still at 340 billion yuan, and accumulative balance was 3.4 trillion yuan. Moreover, we still have the central social security fund, which is worth 1.6 trillion yuan, as a strategic reserve that has not been touched, and we can also use State-owned assets to replenish the social security fund. So, ensuring that the elderly will be provided for cannot and will not be an empty promise.

【彭博新聞社記者】

去年在同樣的場(chǎng)合您曾經(jīng)說(shuō)過(guò)，中國(guó)政府會(huì)繼續(xù)下定決心推動(dòng)壯士斷腕的改革，在今年的政府工作報(bào)告當(dāng)中，您說(shuō)中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)需要至少保持6.5%的增速。同時(shí)不同的政府部門官員也表示，在化解過(guò)剩產(chǎn)能過(guò)程中不會(huì)出現(xiàn)下崗潮。所以我想問(wèn)您，如何解決好保持中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的一定增速以及避免可能會(huì)產(chǎn)生不穩(wěn)定影響的下崗問(wèn)題，如何確保不會(huì)影響您本人所說(shuō)的對(duì)中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展至關(guān)重要的改革議程的推進(jìn)。
Bloomberg News: Mr Premier, in this news room last year you said China is determined to press ahead with reform that would be as painful as taking a knife to one's own flesh, and in this year's government report you talked about the need for a minimum 6.5 percent growth target, and we have also heard local officials saying there will not be layoffs as China presses ahead with overcapacity. So I am wondering how would you address concerns that the growth target and the desire to avoid potentially layoffs would bind China's hands and make it impossible to press ahead with reform that you said is crucial for Chinese economy?

【李克強(qiáng)】

你問(wèn)問(wèn)題的時(shí)候很嚴(yán)肅，讓我略有沉重。我可以肯定地說(shuō)，中國(guó)會(huì)堅(jiān)定不移地推進(jìn)改革，改革和發(fā)展是不矛盾的，我們恰恰可以通過(guò)結(jié)構(gòu)性改革來(lái)釋放市場(chǎng)活力，支撐經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展。但在這個(gè)過(guò)程中，我們也看到，的確產(chǎn)生了一些比較嚴(yán)重的過(guò)剩產(chǎn)能，主要是在重化工領(lǐng)域，現(xiàn)在我們已經(jīng)選擇了鋼鐵、煤炭這兩個(gè)領(lǐng)域在去產(chǎn)能上先行突破，與此同時(shí)要避免出現(xiàn)大規(guī)模的下崗潮。
One thing is certain: that we are determined to push ahead with our reform agenda. Reform and development are not in conflict with pursuing structural reform. We can further release market vitality and drive economic development. It is true that in some sectors there are serious problems of overcapacity, especially in heavy industries and petrochemical industries. We have selected the steel and coal sectors to start with the effort of cutting overcapacity and at the same time we will also avoid massive layoffs.

過(guò)去兩年，我們?cè)阡撹F領(lǐng)域淘汰了上億噸的產(chǎn)能，涉及到上百萬(wàn)職工。由于我們高度重視保護(hù)職工的合法權(quán)益，保證了大量的職工轉(zhuǎn)崗或得到妥善安置，可以說(shuō)積累了經(jīng)驗(yàn)。下一步要推進(jìn)去產(chǎn)能，我們必須做到產(chǎn)能要去，但大量職工的飯碗不能丟，而且爭(zhēng)取讓他們拿上新飯碗。對(duì)于一時(shí)尚不能夠做到的，中央財(cái)政和地方財(cái)政有能力進(jìn)行妥善安置。中央已經(jīng)建立了1000億元主要用于轉(zhuǎn)崗安置的專項(xiàng)資金，如有需要還可以增加。當(dāng)然，地方政府相應(yīng)配套要跟上，我們需要做到的是雙贏，在去產(chǎn)能、促發(fā)展、穩(wěn)就業(yè)之間達(dá)到一個(gè)平衡，最終在去產(chǎn)能的過(guò)程中，實(shí)現(xiàn)重化工領(lǐng)域的持續(xù)健康發(fā)展。謝謝！
In the past two years, we have been faced with up to one hundred million tons of steel making capacity involving some one million employees, with a high priority given to protecting the interests of employees. We have taken strong steps to resettle these people and give them re-employment opportunities, and good experience have been enjoyed from the process. In a word, we will press ahead to deal with overcapacity and at the same time make sure that there will not be mass job losses. We will assign possible laid off people to new jobs and for those who still have difficulties in getting employment opportunities, the central and local government have financial resources to cover layoffs. The central government has established a 100 billion yuan fund in this respect, and if there is a need we could increase that amount. In the meantime, local governments have to do their own jobs. We hope to make it a win-win process and will strive to strike a proper balance in between. In the process we hope that by cutting overcapacity in those heavy industries, we will bring about a sustained and sound growth in these sectors.

【人民日?qǐng)?bào)、人民網(wǎng)和人民日?qǐng)?bào)客戶端記者】

謝謝主持人?？偫砟?。您剛才提到了通過(guò)簡(jiǎn)政放權(quán)激發(fā)市場(chǎng)活力，我就想提問(wèn)一個(gè)關(guān)于簡(jiǎn)政放權(quán)的問(wèn)題。我們注意到，簡(jiǎn)政放權(quán)的改革已經(jīng)進(jìn)行了幾年，但也有一些企業(yè)和群眾反映，現(xiàn)在很多事辦起來(lái)還很難，特別是一些事情在辦理的過(guò)程當(dāng)中有找不到門的感覺(jué)。請(qǐng)問(wèn)總理，針對(duì)這種現(xiàn)象和問(wèn)題，您下一步準(zhǔn)備怎么辦？謝謝。
People's Daily: Just now you said that the government will continue to streamline administration and delegate power to stimulate market vitality, so my question is about this government reform. This reform has been going on for several years, but some companies and people still feel that it's difficult for them to get some things done. In some cases, they even feel quite at a loss as to what to do. My question is, what will the government do to proceed with this reform?

【李克強(qiáng)】

很高興能夠一石三鳥，不過(guò)不是打，而是答。簡(jiǎn)政放權(quán)可以說(shuō)是轉(zhuǎn)變政府職能的關(guān)鍵，三年前就在這里，我曾經(jīng)明確表示過(guò)，本屆政府減少審批事項(xiàng)要達(dá)到1/3，現(xiàn)在這個(gè)目標(biāo)已經(jīng)提前實(shí)現(xiàn)了。根據(jù)第三方評(píng)估，多數(shù)企業(yè)和群眾對(duì)這樣做還是比較滿意的，但與此同時(shí)，確實(shí)還存在許多問(wèn)題，有更高的期待。
Streamlining administration and delegating powers holds the key to transforming governments' functions. Three years ago, on the same occasion, I promised that this government would cut the number of items that require State Council review and approval by one-third during its term. We have already fulfilled this target. Based on third-party evaluations, most of the companies and our people are satisfied with the progress of the reform. Yet, some problems still exist, and our people expect more from the government.

我們現(xiàn)在審批事項(xiàng)還是比較多，而且保留的事項(xiàng)當(dāng)中有很多標(biāo)準(zhǔn)不統(tǒng)一。前幾天我到一個(gè)代表團(tuán)去參加審議，就有代表說(shuō)他們要辦一個(gè)醫(yī)養(yǎng)結(jié)合的養(yǎng)老機(jī)構(gòu)，群眾很歡迎，但是這涉及到養(yǎng)老機(jī)構(gòu)準(zhǔn)入、醫(yī)保定點(diǎn)、收費(fèi)審批等，要跑多個(gè)部門，關(guān)鍵是這些部門的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)還不統(tǒng)一，所以讓他一頭霧水，像你講的都找不到門了。這本身就束縛了產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展，也抑制了群眾消費(fèi)的需求。
At present, there are still too many items that require government approval. For those items that do need to exist, there is a lack of unified standards. A few days ago, in my discussion with some representatives of NPC deputies, one of them said that they wanted to establish a local nursing home that combines medical care with elderly care. It's a very popular idea with the local people. But many of them feel quite at a loss as to what to do, because there are different standards and they need to go through a host of government review procedures, involving market access, departments in charge of designated places for medical insurance, and how fees are going to be collected or set, etc. So all these redundant procedures have held back the development of productivity and also effective consumer demand among people.

所以簡(jiǎn)政放權(quán)必須一以貫之，哪里遇到問(wèn)題、碰到阻力就要設(shè)法去解決，這是削減部門利益的事情。我們就是要用減政府權(quán)力的“痛”來(lái)?yè)Q得企業(yè)、群眾辦事的“爽”。今年要下決心再砍掉一批審批事項(xiàng)，而且直接放給市場(chǎng)，即使是需要審批的也要簡(jiǎn)化手續(xù)。
We must make persistent efforts to forge head on this government reform and wherever there is an obstacle to this reform, the government must get right on it. The reform will cut government power but we are determined to keep doing it until our job is done, as that will deliver clear benefits to our people even if the government has to make painful adjustments. This year we are determined to further cut the number of such government approval items and leave more such items to the market.

尤其是要推進(jìn)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的統(tǒng)一。我們這兩年推進(jìn)商事制度改革，從證照合一到一證一碼，就是一個(gè)統(tǒng)一標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的過(guò)程。結(jié)果激發(fā)了很大的群眾創(chuàng)業(yè)熱情，就是到現(xiàn)在，每天還有近3萬(wàn)個(gè)市場(chǎng)主體誕生。這個(gè)領(lǐng)域能做到，為什么其他領(lǐng)域就做不到？所以要給他們下達(dá)硬任務(wù)、排時(shí)間表。不僅如此，還有不少證照是沒(méi)有必要的，今年也要砍掉一半。
For those items that still exist, procedures need to be simplified. We also need to further unify existing standards. In the past few years, we deepened business system reforms. We combined the requirements for business licenses and administrative permits. We have also introduced the practice of unified business licenses with the unified social credit code. All these have tremendously unleashed the creativity and entrepreneurial enthusiasm of our people. Now, on a daily basis, as many as 30,000 new market entities get registered. We will press ahead with this reform in various respects, for example, there are still too many requirements for certificates and various permits, and this year our goal is to further cut the number of such certificate requirements by half.

對(duì)那些于法無(wú)據(jù)影響群眾的創(chuàng)業(yè)熱情，甚至損害群眾利益的不合理文件要堅(jiān)決進(jìn)行清理，該廢除的廢除。當(dāng)然，我們說(shuō)放權(quán)并不是說(shuō)放任。營(yíng)造公平競(jìng)爭(zhēng)環(huán)境的監(jiān)管措施必須到位，還要防止任性、任意地檢查，這樣簡(jiǎn)政放權(quán)才能更有效，才能讓生產(chǎn)力發(fā)展起來(lái)、群眾得到好處。我們還要推動(dòng)優(yōu)化服務(wù)，比如像政務(wù)公開加上互聯(lián)網(wǎng)，讓群眾少跑腿，還能夠辦成事。謝謝。
For government documents without solid legal grounds, and that have held back the entrepreneurship of the people, or even hurt their rights and interests, they will all be cleaned up, or abrogated. But to delegate powers does not mean the government will be hands off. Instead, it needs to do a better job in ensuring a level playing field, and it also need to redress such malpractice as arbitrary regulation. We hope that throughout this process, we will further boost this productivity, and bring more benefits to the people. So the government will provide better services to the people to ensure that they can get things done with greater ease.