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Chinese officials can’t get any respect these days. And they probably don’t deserve a pay bump, either. That was the sharp reaction of at least 20,000 internet users who body-slammed a suggestion made last week by a representative to China’s annual “Two Sessions” that the salaries of government officials need to increase. He Xiangjiu, a delegate from the China Writers Association to the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference, was the one who made the proposal. “Most junior-level civil servants work diligently with an intense workload,” He argued, “but they have a particularly low monthly salary, not unlike the income of migrant workers.” Proponents of a pay raise have argued that making officials’ salaries competitive with the private sector would help China attract better-qualified civil servants while also reducing incentives for corruption–especially if those salaries are publicized. Indeed, low salaries are one of the chief complaints officials have when asked to comment on Chinese President Xi Jinping’s anti-corruption push. But it’s still a tough sell to a skeptical citizenry in China. Many Chinese believe that the official salaries earned by bureaucrats are meaningless, because, in their view, even the well-paid ones loot public money and use government funds for personal use. Many critics of He’s proposal wondered why more money should be given to immoral cadres intent on supplementing their incomes anyway. Others were equally dismissive, with one blogger noting that everyone knows that civil servants enjoy “a variety of benefits from being in high positions,” and for many bureaucrats, “work is nothing more than being idle, reading the newspaper, clean their offices, and wait for work”. Another annoyed post claimed that if civil servants wages were as low as those of migrant workers as He says, that the government should be more concerned about the latter, not the former. Censors let frustrated netizens slap He Xiangjiu around—a sign that Party heavyweights weren’t thrilled about underwriting even this minor attempt to help out their lower-level comrades. In fact, the Party line at first was that government officials were not paying enough attention to why many citizens were furious with them. As one Party commentator wrote, “while [the responses do] express some irrationality, that may show the true sense of the mood.” Cadres, the commentary stated, “need to get caught up to the state of public opinion…for the sake of less misunderstanding and to make progress towards more productive discussions with the public.” But not everyone in the Party feels that way. For example, a sharply-worded commentary from Beijing Evening News that appeared on the website of People’s Daily blamed the response the absence of requirements for civil servants to reveal how much they make. The way forward, the essay insisted, “is to require the [civil servant] system to ensure transparency…for the more transparent, the more able [authorities will be able] to dispel the doubts of the public.” In other words, the onus is on the government for not making information available and officials held accountable. He Xiangjiu agreed with that latter view, as he said in the wake of the public reaction that “officials are public figures; they should accept social supervision.” He noted that he has disclosed his own financial situation (a monthly salary of 4000 yuan, or roughly $650, after taxes) but meekly conceded, “under the current system my declaration is not yet fully open to the public for viewing.” How likely is a pay raise? The same day that He’s proposal broke into the open, a high-ranking CPPCC Committee chair stated that, “taking into account China’s national conditions,” neither he nor the masses would approve of increasing officials’ salaries. Yet the following day, a high official in the administrative apparatus overseeing the civil service in China indicated that pilot studies of the feasibility of a pay adjustment for civil servants were continuing. By the end of the weekend, a separate government webpage appeared, with leading delegates debating the merit of pay raises. It’s encouraging that such a robust discussion on the practical issue of pay could occur at this highly scripted legislative gathering. But the fact that there’s resistance to a simple pay raise points to a major dilemma that the Xi leadership faces: How do you tackle corruption when there’s so little transparency of official salaries and assets and when Party credibility itself isn’t on the increase? The “Two Meetings” probably don’t have the answer, but at least they’ve asked the question. (By Russell Leigh Moses) |
查看譯文 當(dāng)上周中國(guó)兩會(huì)代表提出公務(wù)員工資需要上漲時(shí),20000多名網(wǎng)友做出激烈回應(yīng),他們狠狠地批評(píng)了這一言論。 何香久(音)是政協(xié)委員,他來(lái)自中國(guó)作協(xié),是提出上述議案的人士之一。他指出,許多底層公務(wù)員工作勤懇,工作量也很大,然而他們的月薪卻很低,和農(nóng)民工的收入不相上下。 支持公務(wù)員工資上漲的人士表示,如果公務(wù)員的工資和一些私營(yíng)企業(yè)看齊的話,就能吸引更多更有能力的人加入,并且降低腐敗的可能,尤其是在工資被公布的情況下。的確,當(dāng)被問(wèn)起習(xí)近平主席的大力打擊腐敗時(shí),官員們常常抱怨他們過(guò)低的收入。 但是對(duì)于充滿懷疑的中國(guó)普通老百姓而言,這遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不能使他們信服。許多中國(guó)人認(rèn)為公務(wù)員所掙取的官方收入是毫無(wú)意義的數(shù)字,因?yàn)樵谒麄兛磥?lái),即便是那些收入很高的人也會(huì)掠奪公共的財(cái)富并且把政府資金作為私用。批評(píng)何香久的人士認(rèn)為,既然這些不道德的官員們熱衷于通過(guò)不良渠道增加自己的收入,我們?yōu)槭裁催€要給他們加工資呢? 還有一些人對(duì)此表示鄙視。有一位博友指出,大家都知道公務(wù)員們“在高高的位置享受著一系列的福利”,而且對(duì)于許多官員而言,“工作就是發(fā)呆、看報(bào)、打掃辦公室,同時(shí)等待著工作”。 還有一些憤怒的帖子指出,如果公務(wù)員的工資真的像何香久所說(shuō)和農(nóng)民工那樣低,那么政府擔(dān)心的應(yīng)該是農(nóng)民工,而不是公務(wù)員。 網(wǎng)絡(luò)審查也使得失望的網(wǎng)民們能夠批評(píng)何香久的言論。這是黨領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者發(fā)出的一個(gè)信號(hào),對(duì)于這些幫助底層官員的小舉動(dòng),他們并不是很開(kāi)心。事實(shí)上,黨一開(kāi)始就很關(guān)注政府官員們沒(méi)有對(duì)為什么老百姓的憤怒引起足夠的重視。 這就像一位黨評(píng)論員寫的那樣,當(dāng)官員說(shuō)出一些不合理的話時(shí),老百姓們就會(huì)表達(dá)出他們真實(shí)的情緒。他指出,官員們需要緊跟民聲,那樣會(huì)減少和老百姓間的相互不理解,并且可以通過(guò)與公眾更有成效的對(duì)話來(lái)推動(dòng)進(jìn)步。 黨內(nèi)也并不是所有人都同意公務(wù)員加薪。 比如說(shuō),人民網(wǎng)上轉(zhuǎn)載了北京晚報(bào)上一篇措辭嚴(yán)厲的評(píng)論文章,文章中指責(zé)了對(duì)于公務(wù)員收入公開(kāi)要求的回應(yīng)緩慢。與此同時(shí),文章進(jìn)一步指出,我們需要要求公務(wù)員系統(tǒng)更加透明,因?yàn)橄到y(tǒng)越透明,公眾的懷疑也就會(huì)越少。 換句話來(lái)說(shuō),責(zé)任就是政府沒(méi)有把相關(guān)信息公開(kāi),而官員也要對(duì)此負(fù)責(zé)。 何香久對(duì)于后者的觀點(diǎn)表示認(rèn)同。在公眾的激烈回應(yīng)之后,他表示官員們代表了公眾的形象,他們也應(yīng)該接受公眾的監(jiān)督。他指出他已經(jīng)公布了自己的財(cái)產(chǎn)狀況(月收入稅后為4000元人民幣,相當(dāng)于大約650美元)。不過(guò)他也謙和地指出,在目前現(xiàn)有的系統(tǒng)下我公布的數(shù)據(jù)也沒(méi)能充分地公之于眾。 漲工資有多大可能呢?在何香久提議公之于眾的同一天,一位政協(xié)高級(jí)委員指出,考慮中國(guó)國(guó)情不論是他還是中國(guó)老百姓都不會(huì)同意增加公務(wù)員的收入。但是第二天,一位監(jiān)管中國(guó)公務(wù)員的政府機(jī)構(gòu)高級(jí)官員指出,關(guān)于公務(wù)員收入調(diào)整可行性的初步研究還在進(jìn)行中。 在周末,在另一個(gè)政府網(wǎng)站上,兩會(huì)代表們正熱烈討論著工資上漲的好處。 在高度照本宣科的兩會(huì)期間,對(duì)于工資這樣實(shí)際問(wèn)題的激烈討論是很鼓舞人心的。 但是現(xiàn)實(shí)是,簡(jiǎn)單加薪的阻力指向了習(xí)近平領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的新政府所面臨的一個(gè)主要窘境:當(dāng)政府官員的工資和財(cái)產(chǎn)這么不透明,當(dāng)黨的公眾信服力沒(méi)有增加的情況下,該如何反腐倡廉呢? 正在召開(kāi)的兩會(huì)可能沒(méi)有答案,不過(guò)至少他們已經(jīng)提出了問(wèn)題。 (譯者 timduncan21 編輯 丹妮) |
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