第三章 保護(hù)和改善環(huán)境

Chapter III Protection and Improvement of the Environment

第二十八條 地方各級(jí)人民政府應(yīng)當(dāng)根據(jù)環(huán)境保護(hù)目標(biāo)和治理任務(wù)，采取有效措施，改善環(huán)境質(zhì)量。

Article 28. Local people's governments at various levels shall take effective measures to improve environmental quality according to environmental protection goals and governance tasks.

未達(dá)到國(guó)家環(huán)境質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的重點(diǎn)區(qū)域、流域的有關(guān)地方人民政府，應(yīng)當(dāng)制定限期達(dá)標(biāo)規(guī)劃，并采取措施按期達(dá)標(biāo)。

Local people's governments of key regions and river basins that fail to meet national environmental quality standards shall formulate plans to reach relevant standards within a prescribed time period, and take measures to achieve the compliance target on time.

第二十九條 國(guó)家在重點(diǎn)生態(tài)功能區(qū)、生態(tài)環(huán)境敏感區(qū)和脆弱區(qū)等區(qū)域劃定生態(tài)保護(hù)紅線，實(shí)行嚴(yán)格保護(hù)。

Article 29. The State defines ecological redline for strict protection on key ecological functional zones, areas of sensitive and fragile ecological environment.

各級(jí)人民政府對(duì)具有代表性的各種類型的自然生態(tài)系統(tǒng)區(qū)域，珍稀、瀕危的野生動(dòng)植物自然分布區(qū)域，重要的水源涵養(yǎng)區(qū)域，具有重大科學(xué)文化價(jià)值的地質(zhì)構(gòu)造、著名溶洞和化石分布區(qū)、冰川、火山、溫泉等自然遺跡，以及人文遺跡、古樹名木，應(yīng)當(dāng)采取措施予以保護(hù)，嚴(yán)禁破壞。

The people's governments at various levels shall take measures to protect regions representing various types of natural ecological systems, regions with a natural distribution of rare and endangered wild animals and plants, regions where major sources of water are conserved, geological structures of major scientific and cultural value, famous regions where karst caves and fossil deposits are distributed, traces of glaciers, volcanoes and hot springs, traces of human history, and ancient and precious trees. Damage to the above shall be strictly forbidden.

第三十條 開發(fā)利用自然資源，應(yīng)當(dāng)合理開發(fā)，保護(hù)生物多樣性，保障生態(tài)安全，依法制定有關(guān)生態(tài)保護(hù)和恢復(fù)治理方案并予以實(shí)施。

Article 30. Exploitation and utilization of natural resources shall be developed in a rational way that conserves biological diversity and safeguards ecological security. Ecological protection and restoration programs shall be developed in accordance with laws and be implemented.

引進(jìn)外來物種以及研究、開發(fā)和利用生物技術(shù)，應(yīng)當(dāng)采取措施，防止對(duì)生物多樣性的破壞。

For introduction of exotic species as well as the research, development and utilization of biotechnology, effective measures shall be taken to prevent destruction of biodiversity.

第三十一條 國(guó)家建立、健全生態(tài)保護(hù)補(bǔ)償制度。

Article 31. The State shall establish and improve ecological protection compensation mechanism.

國(guó)家加大對(duì)生態(tài)保護(hù)地區(qū)的財(cái)政轉(zhuǎn)移支付力度。有關(guān)地方人民政府應(yīng)當(dāng)落實(shí)生態(tài)保護(hù)補(bǔ)償資金，確保其用于生態(tài)保護(hù)補(bǔ)償。

The State will increase fiscal transfer to areas of ecological protection. Relevant local people’s governments shall secure compensation funds for ecological protection, and ensure its use on ecological compensation.

國(guó)家指導(dǎo)受益地區(qū)和生態(tài)保護(hù)地區(qū)人民政府通過協(xié)商或者按照市場(chǎng)規(guī)則進(jìn)行生態(tài)保護(hù)補(bǔ)償。

The State provides guidance to the local people’s governments of beneficiary areas and ecological protected areas on ecological compensation through consultation or market rules.

第三十二條 國(guó)家加強(qiáng)對(duì)大氣、水、土壤等的保護(hù)，建立和完善相應(yīng)的調(diào)查、監(jiān)測(cè)、評(píng)估和修復(fù)制度。

Article 32. The State shall strengthen the protection of atmosphere, water and soil, establish and improve the corresponding investigation monitoring, assessment and remediation systems.

第三十三條 各級(jí)人民政府應(yīng)當(dāng)加強(qiáng)對(duì)農(nóng)業(yè)環(huán)境的保護(hù)，促進(jìn)農(nóng)業(yè)環(huán)境保護(hù)新技術(shù)的使用，加強(qiáng)對(duì)農(nóng)業(yè)污染源的監(jiān)測(cè)預(yù)警，統(tǒng)籌有關(guān)部門采取措施，防治土壤污染和土地沙化、鹽漬化、貧瘠化、石漠化、地面沉降以及防治植被破壞、水土流失、水體富營(yíng)養(yǎng)化、水源枯竭、種源滅絕等生態(tài)失調(diào)現(xiàn)象，推廣植物病蟲害的綜合防治。

Article 33. The people's governments at various levels shall enhance the protection of the agricultural environment, promote the application of new technologies for agricultural environmental protection, strengthen the monitoring and early warning system for agricultural pollution sources, and coordinate relevant departments to take measures to prevent the occurrence and deterioration of soil pollution, desertification, salinization, impoverishment, rocky desertification, and ground subsidence, prevent and control vegetation damage, soil erosion, water eutrophication, water depletion, provenance extinction and other ecological imbalances, and promote integrated plant pest management.

縣級(jí)、鄉(xiāng)級(jí)人民政府應(yīng)當(dāng)提高農(nóng)村環(huán)境保護(hù)公共服務(wù)水平，推動(dòng)農(nóng)村環(huán)境綜合整治。

The people's governments at the county and township level shall raise the level of public services for rural environmental protection, and implement comprehensive rural environment management.

第三十四條 國(guó)務(wù)院和沿海地方各級(jí)人民政府應(yīng)當(dāng)加強(qiáng)對(duì)海洋環(huán)境的保護(hù)。向海洋排放污染物、傾倒廢棄物，進(jìn)行海岸工程和海洋工程建設(shè)，應(yīng)當(dāng)符合法律法規(guī)規(guī)定和有關(guān)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，防止和減少對(duì)海洋環(huán)境的污染損害。

Article 34. The State Council and the people's governments at various levels in coastal areas shall provide better protection for the marine environment. The discharge of pollutants and the dumping of wastes into the seas, and the construction of coastal projects and marine projects shall be conducted in compliance with provisions of laws and regulations and relevant standards, so as to guard against and reduce the pollution and damage of the marine environment.

第三十五條 城鄉(xiāng)建設(shè)應(yīng)當(dāng)結(jié)合當(dāng)?shù)刈匀画h(huán)境的特點(diǎn)，保護(hù)植被、水域和自然景觀，加強(qiáng)城市園林、綠地和風(fēng)景名勝區(qū)的建設(shè)與管理。

Article 35. In urban and rural construction, vegetation, waters and the natural landscape shall be protected and attention paid to the construction of gardens, green land and historic sites and scenic spots in the cities in the light of the special features of the local natural environment.

第三十六條 國(guó)家鼓勵(lì)和引導(dǎo)公民、法人和其他組織使用有利于保護(hù)環(huán)境的產(chǎn)品和再生產(chǎn)品，減少?gòu)U棄物的產(chǎn)生。

Article 36. The State shall encourage and guide citizens, legal persons and other organizations to use environmental-friendly products and recycled products to reduce waste generation.

國(guó)家機(jī)關(guān)和使用財(cái)政資金的其他組織應(yīng)當(dāng)優(yōu)先采購(gòu)和使用節(jié)能、節(jié)水、節(jié)材等有利于保護(hù)環(huán)境的產(chǎn)品、設(shè)備和設(shè)施。

State authorities and other institutions financed by fiscal funds shall give priority to the purchase and use of energy-efficient, water-saving, materials-saving products, equipment and facilities that support environmental protection.

第三十七條 地方各級(jí)人民政府應(yīng)當(dāng)采取措施，組織對(duì)生活廢棄物的分類處置、回收利用。

Article 37. Local people's governments at various levels shall take measures to organize the sorting and separation, as well as the recycling of municipal solid waste.

第三十八條 公民應(yīng)當(dāng)遵守環(huán)境保護(hù)法律法規(guī)，配合實(shí)施環(huán)境保護(hù)措施，按照規(guī)定對(duì)生活廢棄物進(jìn)行分類放置，減少日常生活對(duì)環(huán)境造成的損害。

Article 38. Citizens shall abide by environmental protection laws and regulations, support the implementation of environmental protection measures, conduct sorting and separation of municipal solid waste in accordance with relevant regulations, and reduce damage to environment of daily life.

第三十九條 國(guó)家建立、健全環(huán)境與健康監(jiān)測(cè)、調(diào)查和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估制度；鼓勵(lì)和組織開展環(huán)境質(zhì)量對(duì)公眾健康影響的研究，采取措施預(yù)防和控制與環(huán)境污染有關(guān)的疾病。

Article 39. The State shall establish and improve environment and health monitoring, investigation and risk assessment systems; encourage and organize researches on environmental quality impacts to public health, and adopt measures to prevent and control diseases related to environmental pollution.