我們經(jīng)??梢栽诿襟w上看到"底線"一詞。如某記者推測(cè)某市"接收和醫(yī)治SARS病人的底線是6000人。""堅(jiān)持一個(gè)中國(guó)原則是我們的底線。"等等。如今,漢語(yǔ)中出現(xiàn)了許多新詞,其中不少是外來語(yǔ),那么"底線"一詞是漢語(yǔ)先有的呢,還是從英語(yǔ)的"bottom line"翻譯來的呢??jī)烧哂泻侮P(guān)系?是否可以互譯呢?
"bottom line"原義指財(cái)務(wù)帳目表上最下面的一行或那一行上寫的表示盈虧的數(shù)目。英文定義是"the final line on a company's accounting statement that shows profit or loss that the company makes at the end of a given period of time after everything has been calculated."
例如:1.The bottom line for 2001 was pre-tax profit of £ 5 million (2001年公司財(cái)務(wù)狀況是稅前利潤(rùn)500萬英鎊。)
2.Sales last month failed to add to the company's bottom line.(上月經(jīng)銷額沒能使公司盈利增加。)
3.How will the rise in interest rates affect our bottom line?(利率的提高對(duì)我們的利潤(rùn)有何影響?)
對(duì)公司來說,盈虧是大事,所以"bottom line"的第二個(gè)定義是"the deciding or crucial factor; the essential point in a discussion or an argument; the most important thing that one must consider or accept; the most important factor that must be accepted, however reluctantly or even you may not like it"這里強(qiáng)調(diào)兩點(diǎn):一是重要,關(guān)鍵,二是無法回避,必須考慮或接受。
例如:4. The bottom line is that we have to increase our sales or take a cut in pay. (關(guān)鍵問題是我們必須增加銷售額,否則就得減工資。)
5."If you don't make a profit, you go out of business: that is the bottom line."(如果不盈利,你就會(huì)破產(chǎn),這是必須面對(duì)的現(xiàn)實(shí)。)
此外,"bottom line"還常表示"最起碼的條件""可接受的最低價(jià)格"等,其第三個(gè)定義是"the lowest price or the lowest acceptable amount of money regarded as acceptable in a business deal."例如:6. A: What's your bottom line for selling the car? B: I can go down to £450.(甲:這輛車底價(jià)是多少?乙:最低450英鎊。)
漢語(yǔ)中的"底線"有那些意思呢?漢語(yǔ)里"底線"原先只有兩個(gè)意思。一是標(biāo)示某些球類運(yùn)動(dòng)場(chǎng)地兩端相對(duì)與"邊線"(side line)的"底線"。但在英語(yǔ)里,此處不能用"bottom line"?;@球和足球場(chǎng)地的底線是"back line"或"end line";足球球門柱之間部分是"goal line";羽毛球和網(wǎng)球場(chǎng)地的底線是"base line"。所以,描述運(yùn)動(dòng)場(chǎng)地時(shí),不可以用"bottom line"。二是指"暗藏在對(duì)方內(nèi)部刺探情況或進(jìn)行其他活動(dòng)的人",也就是常說的"內(nèi)線"或"臥底"。顯然這個(gè)意思與"bottom line"毫無關(guān)系,因此,千萬不能用"bottom line"表示。
這里有三個(gè)例句:1.We will do all we can to relieve the symptoms of the patients and reduce fatality: that is our bottom line. 2."The city's bottom line in treating SARS patients is 6000."3.That there is but only one China in the world is our bottom line.
我們發(fā)現(xiàn)"底線"的意思在三個(gè)例句中分別為"基本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)或準(zhǔn)則","極限能力或條件","基本立場(chǎng)和原則"。這些意思與bottom line十分接近,但在《現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)詞典》中卻查不到這些意思,因此很可能是從bottom line里轉(zhuǎn)化來的。
那么,"bottom line"是否都能翻譯成"底線"呢?
由于漢語(yǔ)的"底線"沒有"財(cái)務(wù)","利潤(rùn)","盈利"等意思,所以第二段中前三句的"bottom line"不可翻譯為"底線"。漢語(yǔ)中的"底線"已經(jīng)能表示"bottom line"的"關(guān)鍵,重要"等意思,所以第二段中后兩句可翻譯為"底線",但譯成"關(guān)鍵問題"和"必須面對(duì)的現(xiàn)實(shí)"似乎更清楚自然。至于談到價(jià)格,漢語(yǔ)里有"底價(jià)"一詞,用在這里很合適,因此不必翻譯為"底線"了。
(選自《英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)》通訊員朱宇清 英語(yǔ)點(diǎn)津姍姍編輯)
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