連詞while除具有“當(dāng)時”、“同時”等意義外,根據(jù)上下文還有以下不同含義及其不同譯法。
一、引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句
譯作“當(dāng)……時”。例如:
1. Make hay while the sun shines.
趁著有太陽曬曬草。(乘機(jī)行事,抓緊時機(jī)。)
2. We must work hard to gain more knowledge while we are young.
趁著現(xiàn)在還年輕,我們必須刻苦學(xué)習(xí),獲得更多的知識。
二、引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句
常放在句首,譯作“盡管”、“雖然”,比although或 though語氣要輕。例如:
1. While I believe it is true, I cannot prove it.
雖然我相信那是真的,但我無法證明。
2. While any kind of athletic shoe can provide a certain amount of rebound,
energy-return sneakers are designed to maximize this effect.
雖然任何一種運(yùn)動鞋都能提供一定的反彈力,但回力運(yùn)動鞋能夠使這種效果最大化。
三、引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句
相當(dāng)于as long as,譯作“只要”。例如:
1. While there is life, there is hope.
有生命,就有希望。
2. While a spark of life remains, it is a doctor's duty to save the patient.
只要病人還有一息生機(jī),醫(yī)生就有責(zé)任挽救。
四、引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句
相當(dāng)于since, 有“既然”的意思。例如:
1. You'll never save any money while you're so extravagant.
你這么奢侈,永遠(yuǎn)存不下錢來。
2. I'd like to get it settled today while we're at it.
既然我們著手干了,我想今天就把它干完。
五、連接并列句
表示對比,相當(dāng)于whereas,譯作“而”、“可是”。例如:
1. An outdoors man will soon become pale if he changes to an indoor job, while a desk clerk will take on a tan after a short vacation in the sun.
從事室外工作的人如果調(diào)到室內(nèi)工作,不久膚色就會變白;而一個伏案工作的文員出去度個短假,就會被太陽變黑。
2. Motion is absolute while stagnation is relative.
運(yùn)動是絕對的,而靜止是相對的。
六、連接并列句
表示遞進(jìn),相當(dāng)于and what is more, 譯作“并且”、“而且”。例如:
1. The new man-made fibres are more hardwearing than natural fibres and greatly reduce mending, while good ready-made clothes are cheap and plentiful.
新的人造纖維比天然纖維耐磨,因此能大大減少修補(bǔ)工作,而且做好的衣服價廉物美,數(shù)量也多。
2. Of course, I resolutely determined not to marry, while I quite forgot to consider at all that great rock of disaster in the working-class world-- sickness.
當(dāng)然, 我下定決心不結(jié)婚,而且把工人階級的巨大災(zāi)難——疾病,也忘得一干二凈。
(來源:中國翻譯網(wǎng))