你可曾羨慕過那些擁有藍(lán)色眼睛的人？如果有機(jī)會(huì)讓眼睛永遠(yuǎn)變成藍(lán)色，你愿意嗎？美國(guó)加州的一家醫(yī)學(xué)公司推出了一項(xiàng)新激光手術(shù)，只需20秒就可以讓眼球變成藍(lán)色。

Blue eyes have historically been a significant measure of attractiveness, and although they’re commonly found among actors and models, only 17% of the global population has them. For the majority of people, approximately 80% of the population, blue eyes have been attainable only with the aid of colored contact lenses or artificial iris implants. But that will soon change with the introduction of a new medical procedure, pioneered by California company Stroma Medical, that can turn brown eyes blue.
藍(lán)色眼睛一直被認(rèn)為是美貌的一個(gè)重要衡量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。盡管很多演員和模特都有藍(lán)眼睛，但是從全球范圍來看，只有17%的人口擁有藍(lán)眼睛。對(duì)大多數(shù)人（80%）而言，藍(lán)色眼睛只能靠佩戴有色隱形眼鏡或植入人工虹膜來實(shí)現(xiàn)。不過，這一切很快就要改變了，美國(guó)加州基質(zhì)醫(yī)學(xué)公司率先引進(jìn)的一項(xiàng)新手術(shù)可以讓棕色眼睛變成藍(lán)色。

The laser procedure works by eliminating the melanin from the surface of the iris, which then allows light to enter and scatter in the stroma. The effect is similar to Rayleigh scattering, in which wavelengths of sunlight hit much smaller molecules in the air and then scatter, which makes the atmosphere appear blue.
這項(xiàng)激光手術(shù)通過消除虹膜表面的黑色素，讓光線得以進(jìn)入虹膜，分散在基質(zhì)層上，從而讓眼睛呈現(xiàn)出藍(lán)色。這一過程和瑞利散射的原理類似，當(dāng)陽(yáng)光的波長(zhǎng)觸及空氣中的分子散射開來，天空就會(huì)呈現(xiàn)藍(lán)色。

“The fundamental principle is that under every brown eye is a blue eye,” Dr. Gregg Homer told CNN, adding that there is no actual blue pigmentation in the eye. “The only difference between a brown eye and a blue eye is this very thin layer of pigment on the surface. If you take that pigment away, then the light can enter the stroma — the little fibers that look like bicycle spokes in a light eye – and when the light scatters it only reflects back the shortest wavelengths, and that’s the blue end of the spectrum.”
格雷格?荷馬醫(yī)生告訴CNN說：“基本原理是，每只棕色眼睛的后面都是一只藍(lán)色眼睛。”他補(bǔ)充說，其實(shí)眼睛里并沒有藍(lán)色的色素。棕色眼睛和藍(lán)色眼睛的唯一區(qū)別就在于虹膜表面的這層極薄的色素。如果你把這層色素移去，光線就可以進(jìn)入到基質(zhì)層——這層纖維肌在淺色眼睛中看起來就像自行車輻條——當(dāng)光線分散到基質(zhì)層上，只有波長(zhǎng)最短的光線會(huì)反射回去，也就是光譜中的藍(lán)光?！?/p>

The laser treatment disrupts the fragile layer of pigment on the iris, which causes the body to start removing the tissue naturally. While the procedure itself only takes around 20 seconds, the blue eyes do not emerge for several weeks, as the body can only gradually release the pigment.
激光手術(shù)會(huì)破壞虹膜表面這層脆弱的色素，促使人體自然地移除相關(guān)組織。盡管手術(shù)本身只需20秒鐘，但是要過上數(shù)周，眼睛才能變成藍(lán)色，因?yàn)槿梭w只能逐漸地釋放色素。

Stroma Medical aspires to develop the safest, cheapest, and most convenient procedure available on the market, but it has yet to gain approval from the regulatory bodies in the United States. The company’s medical board has stated that preliminary studies show that the surgery is safe, but so far only 37 patients altogether have undergone the treatment. 17 patients were in Mexico and the remaining 20 in Costa Rica. The company is currently in the fundraising stage as it searches for investors, but hopes to have completed clinical trials within a few years. Currently, the price to change brown eyes blue stands at a relatively high amount of $5,000.
基質(zhì)醫(yī)學(xué)公司立志研發(fā)出市場(chǎng)上最安全、最實(shí)惠、最方便的眼球變色手術(shù)，但仍需獲得美國(guó)監(jiān)管機(jī)構(gòu)的許可。該公司的醫(yī)務(wù)委員會(huì)聲稱，前期研究顯示，手術(shù)是安全的，但到目前為止總共只有37位患者接受了這種手術(shù)。17位患者在墨西哥，其余20位在哥斯達(dá)黎加。該公司目前正在融資階段，在尋找投資人的同時(shí)，公司希望能夠在幾年內(nèi)完成臨床試驗(yàn)。當(dāng)前把棕色眼睛變成藍(lán)色眼睛的手術(shù)費(fèi)用較高，需5000美元（3.3萬(wàn)元人民幣）。

The medical industry, ophthalmologists in particular, has not been particularly receptive to the procedure. The skepticism is based on the fact that eyes are one of the most sensitive organs in the human body, and that the procedure is irreversible.
醫(yī)學(xué)界尤其是眼科界對(duì)這種手術(shù)的接受度不是特別高。他們質(zhì)疑的依據(jù)是，眼睛是人體最敏感的器官之一，而這種手術(shù)是不可逆的。

Saj Khan, an ophthalmologist at the London Eye Hospital, told CNN, “The primary concern with any procedure that involves releasing pigment inside the eye is that the pigment can clog up the regular drainage channels which can, in turn, cause the pressure inside the eye to go up. If that happens significantly enough, for long enough, it’s how patients develop glaucoma.”
倫敦眼科醫(yī)院的眼科醫(yī)生薩吉?可汗告訴CNN說：“任何會(huì)釋放眼內(nèi)色素的手術(shù)讓人擔(dān)心的首要問題是，色素可能會(huì)堵塞微循環(huán)，從而導(dǎo)致眼壓上升。如果情況嚴(yán)重并且長(zhǎng)期持續(xù)的話，就會(huì)患上青光眼?！?/p>

Stroma Medical claims that the particles released by the procedure are too small to cause glaucoma, which Khan admits makes sense, but he and other doctors are reluctant to recommend it.
基質(zhì)醫(yī)學(xué)公司聲稱，手術(shù)所釋放的微粒體積很小，不會(huì)導(dǎo)致青光眼，盡管可汗承認(rèn)這種說法有道理，但是他和其他醫(yī)生還是不愿意推薦這種手術(shù)。

“Theory has some sense to it, but without seeing long-term outcomes and without seeing patients that have been treated in this way I wouldn’t commit myself to it,” Khan said.
可汗說：“從理論上說是合理的，但是沒看到長(zhǎng)期后果，接觸不到接受這種手術(shù)的患者，我是不會(huì)認(rèn)可這種手術(shù)的?！?/p>

“It’s not a goal of our company to promote blue eyes,” Stroma Medica’s Dr. Gregg Homer told CNN. “From my experience what most people are after is the translucence of the blue eye rather than the color of the blue eye. The people who seem most vigilant about pursuing this always have a story about being young and in the presence of a sibling or a friend who had light eyes and the friend is being told how beautiful their eyes are, and it sticks with them. That seems to be something they’ve carried around with them. Would it be better for them to get over it? Probably. All your problems don’t go away because you’ve changed your eye color, but I do believe that people like to express themselves a certain way and it’s nice when they have the freedom to do that.”
“我們公司的目標(biāo)不是宣傳藍(lán)眼睛，”基質(zhì)醫(yī)學(xué)公司的格雷格?荷馬醫(yī)生告訴CNN說，“根據(jù)我的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，多數(shù)人追求的是藍(lán)眼睛的澄澈感，而不是藍(lán)眼睛的顏色。那些最渴求藍(lán)眼睛的人通常都有一個(gè)這樣的故事：小時(shí)候某個(gè)兄弟姐妹或朋友擁有藍(lán)眼睛，然后被別人稱贊眼睛很漂亮，于是他們就有了揮之不去的‘藍(lán)眼睛情結(jié)’。是不是等他們自己放下這個(gè)執(zhí)念會(huì)更好呢？很可能是這樣。你自身的問題不會(huì)因?yàn)槟愀淖兞搜劬︻伾腿枷?，但我相信有人?huì)愿意用某種方式來表達(dá)自己，讓他們獲得表達(dá)的自由不是很好嗎？”

【小科普】

人類的眼睛究竟有多少種顏色？

人類虹膜的基色只有三種：褐色、藍(lán)色和綠色。其他顏色的虹膜則是這三種顏色的變體。

褐色或棕色是最常見的人類虹膜顏色。中國(guó)人幾乎99.99%的眼球都是深棕色。

藍(lán)色眼睛是除了棕色眼睛以外最多的一種顏色。北歐人如冰島人、芬蘭人和拉脫維亞人約80%以上為藍(lán)色眼睛。

灰色被認(rèn)為是藍(lán)色虹膜的變種，非常少見，在意大利、希臘等南歐國(guó)家出現(xiàn)的概率略高。

金色眼睛和灰色眼睛一樣，是基因突變的產(chǎn)物。金色眼睛在美國(guó)出現(xiàn)的概率最高。

綠色虹膜也是很罕見的顏色。在瑞士、波蘭、烏克蘭和白俄羅斯這些地區(qū)比例較高。

琥珀色在其他動(dòng)物上較為常見，它比棕色更淺，很少在人類出現(xiàn)，又被稱為貓眼色。琥珀色在歐洲比較多見，多為混血兒。

最罕見的當(dāng)屬紫色眼睛，特別是深紫色眼睛。據(jù)說擁有紫色眼睛的人，都會(huì)長(zhǎng)得非常漂亮，而伊麗莎白·泰勒就是以紫色眼睛聞名的。（網(wǎng)絡(luò)綜合整理）

英文來源：odditycentral
翻譯&編輯：丹妮