剛才在搜狐英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)論壇上,看到“莫傾城”網(wǎng)友的一個(gè)帖子,介紹他自己翻譯的蘇軾《江城子·乙卯正月二十日夜記夢(mèng)》。首先我必須指出,中國(guó)古代詩(shī)歌的英譯,是一件高難度的工作,翻譯者必須具備古代漢語(yǔ)、英語(yǔ)、詩(shī)歌、音韻等多方面造詣。坦率地講,我本人遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)沒(méi)有達(dá)到這種水平,而且據(jù)我觀察,在國(guó)內(nèi)幾個(gè)主要英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)論壇上,能達(dá)到這種水平的人,也很少很少,所以我首先向這位網(wǎng)友表達(dá)我的欽佩之情。
但是另一方面,我認(rèn)為“莫傾城”網(wǎng)友的譯文有兩個(gè)明顯缺點(diǎn),這種缺點(diǎn)即使是英語(yǔ)水平不高的人,也可以很容易地看出來(lái),這就是:第一,英語(yǔ)譯文過(guò)分拘泥于漢語(yǔ)原文,原文中的每個(gè)漢字,幾乎都有對(duì)應(yīng)的英語(yǔ)單詞,因而英語(yǔ)譯文顯得比較冗長(zhǎng);第二,英語(yǔ)譯文中的某些單詞,過(guò)于正式,不適合在詩(shī)歌中使用,比如ignorant、recognize、presume等,因而文字風(fēng)格顯得有些不協(xié)調(diào)。我想在這里推薦美國(guó)著名漢學(xué)家Burton Watson翻譯的這首古詞,您可以比較一下,他的譯文比較簡(jiǎn)練,風(fēng)格也比較統(tǒng)一。
漢語(yǔ)原文:
十年生死兩茫茫,不思量,自難忘。千里孤墳,無(wú)處話凄涼??v使相逢應(yīng)不識(shí),塵滿面,鬢如霜。
夜來(lái)幽夢(mèng)忽還鄉(xiāng),小軒窗,正梳妝。相顧無(wú)言,唯有淚千行。料得年年腸斷處,明月夜,短松岡。
莫傾城的譯文:
For ten years the living and the dead are both ignorant of each other.
Even though I refrain from thinking of you,
However I cannot forget you.
Your lonely tomb lies a thousand miles away,
Where can I pour my sorrows anyway?
Even if we meet again, you can hardly recognize me by the way,
For my face is fully covered with dust,
And my temples have as frost turned grey.
Last night I suddenly dreamed of returing to my native land.
I saw you sitting by the tiny window,
Dressing and making up with your white hand.
We looked at each other, unable to speak a word,
Only a thousand lines of tears rolled down our faces.
I presume you will lie in that heartbreaking place year after year,
In that small round covered with pines mere,
Under the moon bright and clear.
美國(guó)著名漢學(xué)家Burton Watson的譯文:
Ten years, dead and living dim and draw apart.
I don't try to remember,
But forgetting is hard.
Lonely grave a thousand miles off,
Cold thoughts, where can I talk them out?
Even if we met, you wouldn't know me,
Dust on my face,
Hair like frost.
In a dream last night suddenly I was home.
By the window of the little room,
You were combing your hair and making up.
You turned and looked, not speaking,
Only lines of tears coursing down.
Year after year will it break my heart?
The moonlit grave,
The stubby pines.
這個(gè)帖子發(fā)表之后大約半個(gè)小時(shí),“莫傾城”網(wǎng)友給我發(fā)來(lái)郵件,對(duì)我的帖子表示感謝。出乎我預(yù)料的是,莫老弟竟然是一個(gè)19歲的高中生,真是令人難以置信!不過(guò),也有網(wǎng)友給我留言,認(rèn)為莫老弟的譯文太幼稚,而且存在語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤。當(dāng)然,我承認(rèn)莫老弟的譯文確實(shí)有一些缺點(diǎn),但我覺(jué)得一個(gè)19歲的高中生,能夠達(dá)到這種水平,已經(jīng)很不容易了,我們應(yīng)當(dāng)持一種包容、鼓勵(lì)的心態(tài)。
(來(lái)源:萬(wàn)千英語(yǔ)族 作者:張宏(info@italian.org.cn) 英語(yǔ)點(diǎn)津姍姍編輯)