中國網站品牌欄目（頻道）
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A Malian doctor combines modern and traditional medicine to ease the suffering of leprosy and AIDS patients in Southwest China, Hu Yongqi reports from Kunming, Yunnan province. For many parents, collecting your children after school is an everyday chore. For Dr Diarra Boubacar, it was recently a rare treat. At 3 on a recent afternoon in Kunming, capital of Yunnan province, the children were peacefully slumbering on the back seat after a half-hour of joyous chatter with their father. Driving along in the January sunshine, Diarra was whistling, clearly exhilarated at the chance to accompany the children. The 49-year-old doctor is stationed in Honghe Hani and Yi autonomous prefecture, nearly 300 kilometers southeast of Kunming, during the week. For more than 15 years, he has worked with a nonprofit enterprise there to help leprosy and AIDS patients. "The service for the nonprofit treatment of leprosy and AIDS consumed most of my time, and I owe too much to my wife and children," says Diarra. His 6-year-old daughter Jehovah Nissi says her father is often not at home, and she always misses him during the parents' meetings at her school. Born in the African country of Mali, Diarra continued a family tradition of training to be a doctor at Malian Medical College, earning his degree in 1984. He was granted a full scholarship in the former Soviet Union for further study, but instead he turned to a government-sponsored program to study in China. In his freshman year, Diarra was the only one in his class to score a grade as low as 40 percent. The frustrated man did not buckle under the hardship of learning the ancient Chinese language to read traditional Chinese medicine classics, and he developed an obsession with TCM. In 1994, he became the first foreigner to get a PhD in acupuncture at the Chengdu Traditional Chinese Medicine College. After obtaining his medical degree in Sichuan province, he joined Medicins Sans Frontieres (Doctors Without Borders) to help patients in remote villages in Sichuan and Yunnan provinces. Since Diarra arrived in Yunnan in 1999, he has treated at least 5,000 leprosy and AIDS patients, and trained 1,140 doctors for rural clinics in Honghe, Lijiang city, and Nujiang Lisu autonomous prefecture. Diarra also distributes medicine and healthcare necessities donated by the World Health Organization, via a nonprofit organization in Italy. The WHO has made a multi-drug treatment for leprosy available worldwide since 1995. Historical texts suggest leprosy was first identified in the ancient civilizations of China, India and Egypt, according to the World Health Organization, but the disease was officially eliminated at the national level in China in 1982. That means there is less than one case per 100,000 population, but in subtropical pockets of the country's southwest, the condition lingers. Historically, leprosy patients were ostracized by people in their communities, who were fearful because the disease was incurable and falsely thought to be highly infectious. Various health authorities estimate that there are 200,000 people in China today who have recovered from leprosy, but the majority remain disabled, with conditions ranging from blindness to amputated fingers, arms and legs. Caused by a bacterium, leprosy is passed via respiratory droplets among people in close and prolonged contact. Such transmission is rare, as 95 percent of people are naturally immune. Leprosy affects the skin, mucous membranes, peripheral nerves and eyes. With early diagnosis and treatment, however, the disease leaves no traces. There are about 3,500 active cases today, but a lack of reporting due to the social stigma remains a big challenge today. In remote areas, sufferers are still spurned by their families and continue to live in isolated communities with others with the disease. Lacking medical knowledge, most leprosy patients don't know how to cure the disease, Diarra says. Some of them try to stitch the broken skin that has dried up and split, but that just makes the condition worse. Diarra says sufferers should moisten the body with clean water or cream as much as they can. "Leprosy destroys peripheral nerves so that patients won't feel any injury," he says. "One patient didn't realize his calf had been burnt until his wife saw that a piece of flesh was already gone." People are often afraid to approach leprosy cases, but as long as the patient is taking the proper medicine, the disease won't be infectious within one week, Diarra says. Last March while on a train bound for Wuhan, capital of Hubei province, Diarra heard a loudspeaker announcement asking for a doctor to help a diarrhea-stricken child. The doctor leaped to his feet and quickly went to work with his silver acupuncture needles on the 11-year-old boy, who was suffering sudden fever and convulsions. Immediately, the boy stopped cramping. "That is the magic of TCM," Diarra says. Yang Mei, who married Diarra in 2001, says each of his weekly journeys means perils in precipitous areas in Yunnan. Several years ago, Diarra transported a vehicle of medicine to a secluded village in Yuanyang county in Honghe prefecture. The rain, trifling as it had appeared in the morning, started to pour down and trapped his car on a mountain slope, tilting the vehicle 45 degrees. Landslides worsened the situation, cutting the highways into interrupted sections. The volunteers were frightened and got out of the car to flee to safety. Local officials were ushering them at the other end of the road. "As a wife, I hope he comes home safe every day. But I also know he loves to cure the patients, give them medicines, and help them build houses," Yang says. In September 2012, Diarra rushed his old jeep to quake-hit Yiliang county in northeastern Yunnan with some relief supplies, using his rich experience driving rugged roads in mountainous areas. One old villager asked Diarra where he was from, and he joked that his black skin was sunburnt in the region. His cheerful enthusiasm has won him much love. The villagers and volunteers celebrated his birthday with moon cakes and eggs. "Yunnan is a beautiful place and also diverse in landscape and cultures. The smile on people's faces encourages me to go on," he says. Over the past 20 years, Diarra has mastered Mandarin like a native speaker and also picked up a dozen dialects such as the one widely spoken in Yunnan. In addition, he says his love of Chinese food make him much like other expats in the country. "The time in Sichuan and Yunnan has trained me to get used to spicy food, especially in Yunnan where hundreds of 'weird' foods are served to guests. Some of them are not my favorite, but I like to try," Diarra says, displaying his white teeth in a big grin. By Hu Yongqi ( China Daily)
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西非馬里共和國的一名醫(yī)生綜合現代和傳統(tǒng)醫(yī)學手段來緩解中國西南部地區(qū)麻風病患者和艾滋病患者的病痛。中國日報記者胡永啟來自云南昆明的報道。 對于許多家長而言，去學校接孩子是稀松平常的日?，嵤?。然而對于迪亞拉·保巴卡（Diarra Boubacar）博士而言，他最近太忙了，要騰出時間去學校接孩子實屬不易。 最近一天的下午3點，云南的省會昆明沐浴著冬日陽光，迪亞拉邊開車邊吹口哨。能有機會陪陪孩子們，迪亞拉的心情顯然很不錯。孩子們愉快地跟父親聊了半個小時后在汽車后座上安靜地睡著了。 這位49歲的醫(yī)生本周在昆明東南部約300公里的紅河哈尼族彝族自治州工作，他和當地的公益企業(yè)一起幫助麻風病和艾滋病患者，他這樣做已經15載有余。 迪亞拉說：“我大部分時間都在公益機構為麻風病和艾滋病患者提供醫(yī)療服務，沒有時間陪家人，我對妻子和孩子的虧欠太多了?！钡蟻喞?歲的女兒耶和華·尼西說，父親經常不在家，學校開家長會的時候自己經常會想父親。 迪亞拉出生在西非國家馬里的醫(yī)學世家。1984年，繼承家庭從醫(yī)傳統(tǒng)的迪亞拉在馬里醫(yī)學院獲得學位。獲得全額獎學金的迪亞拉本來可以到前蘇聯深造，但是，他卻選擇了一個政府資助項目來中國留學。 在中國上學的第一年，迪亞拉是班里唯一一個成績低至40分的學生。面對學習中國古代漢語、閱讀中國傳統(tǒng)中醫(yī)著作的困難，這個受打擊的年輕人并沒有輕易低頭，他漸漸地迷上了中醫(yī)。1994年，迪亞拉成為成都中醫(yī)藥大學第一位獲得針灸博士學位的外國人。 獲得四川省的醫(yī)學學位后，迪亞拉加入了非營利團體無國界醫(yī)生組織來幫助中國四川省和云南省偏遠村莊的患者醫(yī)治病痛。 自從1999年迪亞拉到云南以來，他至少已經為5000名麻風病和艾滋病患者醫(yī)治病痛，他還為紅河、麗江和怒江傈僳族自治州的農村診所培養(yǎng)了1140名醫(yī)生。迪亞拉還通過意大利的一家非營利性機構獲得世界衛(wèi)生組織的捐贈的醫(yī)療必需品，他把這些醫(yī)療必需品分發(fā)到患者手中。1995年以來，世界衛(wèi)生組織為全世界的麻風病患者提供免費的多種藥物治療。 世界衛(wèi)生組織說，史書記載，麻風病最早在中國、印度和埃及這幾個古文明國家發(fā)現。但是，1982年，麻風病在中國全國范圍內被正式清除。這意味著，每10萬人口中有不到一例的麻風病患者。然而，麻風病的陰影依然籠罩在中國西南部的亞熱帶地區(qū)。 從以往的歷史來看，人們通常認為麻風病是一種傳染性強的絕癥，常人害怕被傳染。因此，麻風病患者通常會受到人們的排斥。衛(wèi)生當局估計，當今中國，康復的麻風病患者有20萬人。但是，患者康復后有不同程度的后遺癥：有的失明，有的指頭被截，有的胳膊被截，還有的腿被截。 麻風病是由麻風桿菌引起的疾病，通過人們近距離或者長時間接觸時的呼吸道分泌物傳播。因為有95%的人自然免疫，麻風病的傳播很罕見。 麻風病的病變發(fā)生在皮膚、黏膜、周圍神經和眼部。但是，麻風病早期確診和治療后，不會留下后遺癥。目前，大約有3500例麻風病病例。由于人們把患麻風病當作是一件令人感到恥辱的事，有關麻風病病例的報道并不多，如何讓人們改變對麻風病人的看法是一個挑戰(zhàn)。在一些偏遠的地區(qū)，麻風病患者受到自己家人的唾棄，和其他麻風病人一起住在隔離區(qū)。 迪亞拉說，由于缺乏醫(yī)學知識，大多數麻風病患者不知道該怎么治療。一些患者甚至試著用針縫補干裂的皮膚，那樣做只會使情況更糟?；颊邞摫M可能多地用清水或者潤膚霜濕潤皮膚。 他說：“麻風病破壞了周圍神經，所以患者沒有疼痛感。有一位患者小腿處著火了，他一直都不知道。他妻子告訴他說腿著火的時候，一塊肉已經燒沒了?！?/p> 迪亞拉說，由于害怕被傳染，人們一般不愿意接近麻風病患者。但是，只要患者用適當的藥物控制病情，麻風病在一周內不會傳染。 2013年3月，在一輛開往湖北武漢的火車上，迪亞拉聽到火車喇叭里的公告說尋求醫(yī)生幫助車上的一名腹瀉患兒。他立馬行動起來給11歲高燒痙攣的小男孩進行針灸。很快，小男孩停止抽搐了。迪亞拉說，“這就是中醫(yī)的神奇之處。” 2001年，迪亞拉和楊梅（音）結婚。楊梅說，每周迪亞拉在云南險峻山區(qū)間的行程就是一次歷險。幾年前，迪亞拉曾經運送一車藥物到紅河哈尼族彝族自治州的閉塞的小鎮(zhèn)元陽縣去。早上的時候，雨下得很小，冒雨送藥看起來應該不成問題。后來，雨傾盆而下，車被困在了一個山坡上，山坡與地面呈45度角傾斜。山體滑坡切斷了高速公路與外界的聯系，使情形變得更加危急了。志愿者們被眼前的情形嚇壞了，趕緊下車逃到了一個安全的地方。當地官員在路的另一端引導他們。 她說：“作為妻子，我希望老公每天都能夠平平安安地回家。但是，我知道他衷愛自己的工作——給病人治病、發(fā)藥品、幫助病人建造房屋?！?/p> 2012年9月云南東北部的小鎮(zhèn)彝良地震后，迪亞拉帶著救援物資、開著自己的破吉普車趕赴災區(qū)。憑著豐富的駕駛經驗，迪亞拉能夠在山區(qū)崎嶇的道路安全行駛。一位年長的村民問迪亞拉是哪國人，迪亞拉開玩笑說，自己是當地人，皮膚是太陽給曬黑的。 熱情開朗的性格使迪亞拉很受歡迎。村民們和志愿者拿出月餅和雞蛋為他慶祝生日。他說：“云南是一個美麗的地方，這里的自然景觀和人文景觀都很豐富。人們臉上的笑容激勵著我在公益這條道路上走下去?！?/p> 在過去20年里，迪亞拉不僅會一口地道的普通話；而且學會了十幾種云南的方言，云南當地人最廣泛使用的方言也包含在內。此外，迪亞拉和其他外國人一樣喜歡中國菜。 迪亞拉：“在四川和云南待的這些日子，我適應了吃辣。尤其是在云南，當地人們招待客人吃‘稀奇古怪的食物’。有些食物我并不喜歡吃，但是，我愿意嘗試一下?！彼麪N爛地笑著，露出了潔白的牙齒。 相關閱讀 奧朗德緋聞女友起訴八卦雜志 “第一女友”發(fā)聲否認被拋棄 （中國日報記者胡永啟）
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