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災(zāi)后重建 孩子優(yōu)先
“再窮不能窮教育,再苦不能苦孩子?!睘?zāi)后重建,孩子要優(yōu)先。
[ 2008-06-05 17:27 ]

 

“再窮不能窮教育,再苦不能苦孩子。”這是中國(guó)政府表現(xiàn)出來(lái)的其對(duì)于教育的責(zé)任以及對(duì)于孩子們接受教育的關(guān)心,因?yàn)楹⒆邮亲鎳?guó)的未來(lái)和希望。人員和財(cái)產(chǎn)損失慘重的四川汶川大地震不但使得許多孩子不幸遇難,生命的花朵就此凋零,而且還使許多劫后余生的孩子遭遇了巨大的身心傷害,學(xué)校塌了,家沒(méi)了,甚至父母雙雙遇難了。地震帶給災(zāi)區(qū)人民的肉體傷痛會(huì)漸趨平復(fù),但給災(zāi)民造成的精神創(chuàng)傷和心里陰影卻無(wú)法抹去,尤其對(duì)于災(zāi)區(qū)兒童而言,地震遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)未成“過(guò)去式”。在地震中幸存的許多孩子少了曾經(jīng)快樂(lè)而天真的笑容,心理專家稱,比身體更難痊愈的,是孩子們的心理。為此,黨中央和國(guó)務(wù)院十分關(guān)心孩子們的身心健康,胡錦濤總書記和溫家寶總理曾多次看望受災(zāi)的兒童并且作出重要指示,要求各級(jí)地方政府認(rèn)真做好與災(zāi)區(qū)孩子們有關(guān)的各項(xiàng)工作。恰好在地震發(fā)生過(guò)后半個(gè)多月,一年一度的六一國(guó)際兒童節(jié)來(lái)臨了。全國(guó)上下,從胡總書記和溫總理到災(zāi)區(qū)以外的孩子們,紛紛以各種方式幫助災(zāi)區(qū)孩子們過(guò)好災(zāi)后的第一個(gè)兒童節(jié)。通過(guò)英語(yǔ)媒體的報(bào)道,我們可以在關(guān)心災(zāi)區(qū)孩子的同時(shí),學(xué)習(xí)到一些有用的英語(yǔ)表達(dá)。首先讓我們來(lái)看看新華社發(fā)表的關(guān)于災(zāi)區(qū)孩子歡度六一兒童節(jié)的英語(yǔ)新聞報(bào)道。

Happy Children's Day, Chinese president says to quake-affected kids
2008-06-01 08:07:05

NINGQIANG, Shaanxi, May 31 (Xinhua) -- Chinese President Hu Jintao wished quake-affected kids a happy holiday ahead of Children's Day in northwestern Shaanxi Province, also heavily hit by the May 12 earthquake.

On Saturday morning, Hu arrived at Ningqiang county,neighboring to worst-hit Sichuan Province.

A magnitude 5.7 aftershock hit Ningqiang around 4 p.m. on Tuesday,leaving at least one injured, 860 houses destroyed and 3,100 damaged, adding up the damages.

Almost all the 340,000 locals in Ningqiang County were urged to live outdoors amid fear of possible aftershocks.

At Jinshansi village, almost all houses were flattened and villagers were living in tents for days.

As the Children's Day falls on Sunday, Hu went into a tent school in the village to condole the kids suffering from the quake.

"Today you have to study in the tent. But I promise you to help you build a new school. You will be sure to have a better classroom," he said after children stood up together and greeted him.

Then the President picked up a chalk, wrote 16 Chinese characters on the chalkboard and recited them together with the kids, "One in trouble, all to help; Rely on ourselves and work hard."

"When we rebuild our hometown, we should stick to this two sorts of spirits," Hu said.

Many children are very brave and strong in front of the major earthquake. I have learned from you and see the hope of the quake-hit regions and the whole country. I believe you will strive to become stronger and work hard in the future," he said.

Hu wished the kids a happy holiday and handed around gifts to them.

He then inspected relief work at the village and asking local officials to set the examples and lead residents to rebuild the hometown.

在上述新聞報(bào)道中,quake-affected kids就語(yǔ)法關(guān)系而言可以理解為“受地震影響的孩子”,實(shí)際上這里就是指“災(zāi)區(qū)兒童”,“災(zāi)區(qū)孩子”。中國(guó)學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的時(shí)候需要注意的是,Shaanxi指的是陜西,而Shanxi則是山西,這兩個(gè)省在漢語(yǔ)拼音中的拼寫其實(shí)是一樣的,都是shanxi,但這樣一來(lái)就帶來(lái)了問(wèn)題,即如果采用同樣的拼寫,人們不易區(qū)分哪個(gè)是陜西,哪個(gè)是山西。

1977年,聯(lián)合國(guó)第三屆地名標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化會(huì)議通過(guò)了關(guān)于“采用漢語(yǔ)拼音作為中國(guó)地名羅馬字母拼法的國(guó)際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”的決議。漢語(yǔ)拼音拼寫必須按照我國(guó)法定的羅馬字母拼音方案——《漢語(yǔ)拼音方案》。從這一點(diǎn)來(lái)說(shuō),把陜西拼寫為Shaanxi是顯然違背《漢語(yǔ)拼音方案》的基本法則的,但是,如果對(duì)兩省的漢語(yǔ)拼音拼寫不加區(qū)分又會(huì)帶來(lái)許多問(wèn)題,因此最終產(chǎn)生了現(xiàn)在的這種處理方式,即所謂技術(shù)處理方法,但是這種方法在理論上是找不到依據(jù)的,只能理解為在這種技術(shù)處理方法已經(jīng)成為客觀現(xiàn)實(shí)的情況下的一種約定俗成的用法。

一個(gè)地方和另一個(gè)地方相鄰,可以用neighboring to這個(gè)說(shuō)法,如Suzhou is neighboring to Shanghai.注意這里的neighboring是作為形容詞來(lái)使用的,而不是動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞。

leaving at least one injured是“造成至少一人受傷”的意思,其中的leave為地道英語(yǔ)表達(dá),leave在這里是“(某事)使(某人)落到某種地步”的意思,如His rudeness left me speechless(他的粗魯氣得我無(wú)言以對(duì)。)這里不由得聯(lián)想到,我國(guó)的英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)者在表達(dá)“造成”的時(shí)候只會(huì)不加區(qū)分地使用cause這一單詞,這種不分語(yǔ)境的詞語(yǔ)應(yīng)用值得引起我們的警惕。

Condole就是表示慰問(wèn),表示同情的意思。rebuild the hometown就是“重建家園”的意思。特別值得一提的是,One in trouble, all to help.Rely on ourselves and work hard屬于典型的中國(guó)英語(yǔ)(China English,注意不是Chinese English,兩者所指截然不同),即具有中國(guó)特色的詞匯,這就是胡總書記視察陜西寧強(qiáng)縣的時(shí)候勉勵(lì)孩子們時(shí)候在黑板上寫下的四句話“一方有難,八方支援,自力更生,艱苦奮斗”。類似的具有中國(guó)特色的詞匯翻譯,中國(guó)翻譯協(xié)會(huì)經(jīng)常組織專家定期發(fā)布,成為英語(yǔ)媒體表達(dá)我國(guó)具體國(guó)情時(shí)候使用的規(guī)范譯文。

除了黨和政府對(duì)災(zāi)區(qū)孩子們的六一兒童節(jié)表示關(guān)心外,災(zāi)區(qū)孩子們的上學(xué)問(wèn)題也引起了黨和政府的關(guān)心。由于災(zāi)區(qū)許多學(xué)校垮塌,而災(zāi)后重建工作任重而道遠(yuǎn),因此,不少孩子被安排到了災(zāi)區(qū)以外的地方恢復(fù)上課?!吨袊?guó)日?qǐng)?bào)》對(duì)此也進(jìn)行了專門的報(bào)道如下:

Kids sent to study outside disaster zone
By Wang Ying, Liang Qiwen and Li Aoxue (China Daily)
Updated: 2008-05-31 07:55

Schools in some big cities have taken in students from earthquake-affected areas where classrooms were either utterly razed or rendered structurally unsound.

Five hundred primary school students from Anxian county of Mianyang, one of the areas hardest hit by the May 12 quake in Sichuan province, set off on a train from the provincial capital Chengdu bound for Kunming, capital of Yunnan province, on Thursday.

For eight months, the students will study in nine schools in Kunming, about 1,000 km south of Mianyang.

災(zāi)后重建 孩子優(yōu)先

To help the children cope with this difficult period, the Yunnan branch of the All-China Women's Federation, local education authorities and thecivil affairs department jointly launched a "show-love" project.

Yunnan's government will cover all study and living expenses for these students during their stay.

Primary and high schools in Chongqing municipality have received more than 500 students from Sichuan, Tan Kaiming, an official with the Chongqing anti-earthquake headquarters, said.

The host schools will also provide physical and psychological therapy for the students, Tan said.

Also, 200 elementary and middle school students from Sichuan are now studying in Guangzhou, capital of Guangdong province, with waived tuition or accommodation fees, Guangzhou education bureau official He Yuhong said.

Students from earthquake-affected areas will enjoy free room and board if enrolled in colleges and universities in Guangdong, the provincial education department said.

On Thursday, 44 senior middle school students from Beichuan county, one of the most-devastated areas, toured the Great Wall under the arrangement of the All China Women's Federation and Beijing municipal government.

To help distract the students from the horror and sorrow of the disaster, the federation and Beijing government will also arrange visits to major Olympic venues, Tian'anmen Square and the China Science Museum in the coming days, the Beijing News reported. And five students from Jiangyou, Sichuan, are now studying at Beijing No 105 Middle School. The five girls arrived in Beijing on Wednesday.

The grandmother of Jiang Yichen, one of the girls, contacted Beijing No 105 Middle School to arrange for their studies in the capital.

"I was lazy about my studies before but having stayed in a tent for more than 10 days, it feels so good to sit in a classroom," 16-year-old Zhong Xuerui said.

Beijing 105 High School is not a boarding school, but the school's authorities arranged for the five students to live in a teachers' dormitory and bought them daily necessities, such as bowls, shampoo and toothpaste.

In addition to waiving their tuitions and textbook fees, the school will also provide them psychological counseling.

"We just want to help students from earthquake-affected areas," deputy schoolmaster Zuo Weidong said.

The duration of their stays in Beijing will be determined by when classes resume in Jiangyou, he said.

在上述新聞報(bào)道中,study outside disaster zone指的就是災(zāi)區(qū)的孩子們被政府安排到了災(zāi)區(qū)以外的地方上學(xué),因?yàn)閷?duì)這些孩子們來(lái)說(shuō),盡早恢復(fù)上課不僅是確保他們的課程學(xué)習(xí)不會(huì)受到太大的影響,而且也意味著可以讓他們通過(guò)認(rèn)真學(xué)習(xí)而適度忘卻這場(chǎng)巨大災(zāi)難給他們帶來(lái)的身心傷害,如下文所說(shuō)的help distract the students from the horror and sorrow of the disaster。

Earthquake-affected areas就是“地震災(zāi)區(qū)”,在這次關(guān)于四川地震的報(bào)道中,“災(zāi)區(qū)”的對(duì)應(yīng)英語(yǔ)表達(dá)還出現(xiàn)了quake areas,quake zone,disaster zone等多個(gè)說(shuō)法。

Utterly razed or rendered structurally unsound指的是建筑物遭到徹底破壞或者建筑結(jié)構(gòu)已經(jīng)不安全,其中的raze是一個(gè)十分地道的英語(yǔ)表達(dá),意思是“把(城鎮(zhèn)、建筑物)夷為平地”,其常見搭配為raze something to the ground。

Render則又是一個(gè)在英語(yǔ)中廣泛使用且十分地道而我國(guó)廣大英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)者不習(xí)慣使用的單詞,其含義較為寬泛,在這里是“使……變成……”的意思,與make近義,其語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)要求后接一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)和一個(gè)由形容詞或分詞充當(dāng)成分的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),常用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),如the new law has been rendered useless。Unsound本身就指“(建筑物等)不安全的,不穩(wěn)固的”,而這里出現(xiàn)在其前面的structurally一方面是出于語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)上與前面的utterly對(duì)稱,另一方面也是強(qiáng)調(diào),在強(qiáng)烈地震中,一些學(xué)校的大樓雖然沒(méi)有垮塌,但是其結(jié)構(gòu)已經(jīng)嚴(yán)重不安全,因此不再適宜作為教室使用。

Bound 也是一個(gè)多義詞,在這里指的是“(車船飛機(jī)等交通工具)開往某個(gè)目的地”,其搭配介詞為for,如The cargo ship is bound for the Middle East. 也可以組成合成詞,如a Shanghai-bound train(一列開往上海的火車)。

Kunming, about 1,000 km south of Mianyang這一結(jié)構(gòu)則是屬于比較典型的英語(yǔ)新聞報(bào)道特點(diǎn),即出現(xiàn)地名的時(shí)候需要交代其方位和距離。雖然昆明對(duì)于中國(guó)人而言都知道其位于哪里,但是,根據(jù)英語(yǔ)新聞報(bào)道的語(yǔ)法要求,這里還是交代了其和綿陽(yáng)之間的方位和距離。

All-China Women's Federation是中華全國(guó)婦女聯(lián)合會(huì),簡(jiǎn)稱全國(guó)婦聯(lián),類似的表達(dá)還有中國(guó)全國(guó)總工會(huì),其英文說(shuō)法是All-China Federation of Trade Unions,All-China Federation of Youth 中華全國(guó)青年聯(lián)合會(huì)(全國(guó)青聯(lián)) ,All-China Students' Federation 中華全國(guó)學(xué)生聯(lián)合會(huì)(全國(guó)學(xué)聯(lián))等等。

中國(guó)政府部門和民間組織的英文表達(dá)在人民日?qǐng)?bào)網(wǎng)站英文版有完整的敘述,有興趣者可以去那里查詢。 education authorities就是“教育部門”的意思,注意authorities在英語(yǔ)中又是一個(gè)十分地道的表達(dá),經(jīng)常用來(lái)表示“有關(guān)部門”,“管理部門”,“當(dāng)局”,使用復(fù)數(shù)形式,如本文下段提到的school's authorities (也可以表達(dá)為school authorities)就是指“校方”。

Civil affairs department就是“民政部門”。這里順便介紹一下,civil 是一個(gè)十分常用的多義詞,而且隨著搭配的不同,其含義之間的相關(guān)性相距甚遠(yuǎn),civil servant是“公務(wù)員”,“文職人員”,civil law是“民法”,civil wedding是“(不舉行宗教儀式的)世俗婚禮”,相對(duì)應(yīng)的是religious wedding或church wedding,civil war是“內(nèi)戰(zhàn)”,civil rights是“公民權(quán)”,civil aviation是“民用航空”,而civil engineering則是“土木工程”。

Cover all study and living expenses指的是支付(承擔(dān))全部學(xué)習(xí)和生活費(fèi)用,目前,所有接納災(zāi)區(qū)孩子入學(xué)的地方政府和教育部門都作出了相同的規(guī)定,即免除這些劫后余生的孩子在災(zāi)區(qū)以外地區(qū)就讀的所有費(fèi)用,如下文所說(shuō)的tuitions and textbook fees(學(xué)費(fèi)和書本費(fèi))。在cover all study and living expenses這個(gè)表達(dá)中,cover又是一個(gè)多義詞,中國(guó)學(xué)生最熟悉的意思是“覆蓋”,但實(shí)際上其在英語(yǔ)中還有許多其他用法,如we covered 40 miles yesterday,這里的cover表示走了多少路程。He will be sent to Beijing to cover the 2008 summer Olympics,這里的cover表示新聞?dòng)浾叩牟稍L報(bào)道。在本文中,cover指的是有經(jīng)濟(jì)能力支付,相當(dāng)于pay for something,常見用法有cover the cost of something(支付費(fèi)用),cover the expenses(承擔(dān)開支)等等。 host schools指的是此次地震災(zāi)難之后接待災(zāi)區(qū)學(xué)生入讀的學(xué)校。

Psychological therapy就是“心理治療”,類似的說(shuō)法還有本文下段有提及的psychological counseling,因?yàn)閷?duì)于心靈受到傷害的災(zāi)區(qū)孩子們來(lái)說(shuō),心靈的恢復(fù)更為重要。

Waived tuition or accommodation fees就是免除學(xué)費(fèi)和食宿費(fèi),其中的waive表示“宣布放棄/取消”,其名詞是waiver,中國(guó)學(xué)生申請(qǐng)赴美國(guó)留學(xué)時(shí)獲得的校方經(jīng)濟(jì)資助時(shí),最常見的一種就是叫做tuition waiver,簡(jiǎn)單地說(shuō)就是免掉學(xué)費(fèi),不用交學(xué)費(fèi)就可以上學(xué)。有一些運(yùn)氣好的學(xué)生則還可以獲得XXX美元的獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金加一個(gè)tuition waiver,也就是說(shuō)除了不用交學(xué)費(fèi),還有XXX美元的獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金。Tuition waiver在美國(guó)學(xué)校的獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金中占有很大的比例,在沒(méi)有其他資助的情況下,這就是我們通常所說(shuō)的半獎(jiǎng)。免掉你的學(xué)費(fèi),并通過(guò)其他途徑獲得一定數(shù)額的生活保證,對(duì)于學(xué)費(fèi)不菲的美國(guó)留學(xué)來(lái)講,是一件令人很愉快的事情。美國(guó)大學(xué)提供的其他獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金還包括fellowship, teaching assistant, research assistant等等。

Free room and board就是住宿和膳食免費(fèi),其中的room and board在英語(yǔ)中幾乎成為一個(gè)固定搭配,專門用來(lái)指學(xué)生等人員在學(xué)校、尤其是寄宿學(xué)校等場(chǎng)所享受住宿和膳食時(shí)候所必須支付的膳宿費(fèi)。Board還可以作為動(dòng)詞,表示學(xué)生在校寄宿,因此,寄宿學(xué)校就叫做boarding school,本文下段就有提及。

Daily necessities就是“日用必需品”。

Olympic venues指的是奧運(yùn)會(huì)比賽場(chǎng)館,venue表示“舉辦地點(diǎn)”,“舉行場(chǎng)所”,即一項(xiàng)活動(dòng)舉行的時(shí)候所使用的場(chǎng)所,如The venue for the latest round of talks is the Diaoyutai State Guesthouse(最新一輪談判的地點(diǎn)是釣魚臺(tái)國(guó)賓館。)在體育比賽中,venue作為比賽場(chǎng)地的意思,使用得更普遍。

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災(zāi)后重建 孩子優(yōu)先王銀泉,南京農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院英語(yǔ)教授,碩士生導(dǎo)師,大學(xué)外語(yǔ)部主任。2007年4月由江蘇省省委常委集體討論入選為江蘇省"333高層次人才培養(yǎng)工程"首批中青年科學(xué)技術(shù)帶頭人。南京農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)133人才培養(yǎng)工程英語(yǔ)學(xué)科學(xué)術(shù)帶頭人。南京農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)大學(xué)英語(yǔ)教學(xué)改革總主持人。1996年獲國(guó)家留學(xué)基金首批資助。1997年10月至1998年10月留學(xué)加拿大渥太華大學(xué)并進(jìn)修研究生核心課程。曾訪問(wèn)英美。迄今為止已在《外語(yǔ)教學(xué)與研究》和《中國(guó)翻譯》等核心刊物上發(fā)表論文40余篇,其中CSSCI來(lái)源期刊文章13篇(依據(jù)2006年度CSSCI來(lái)源期刊)。主編教材1部,教輔圖書1部,參編詞典1部,在編專著2部。

 
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