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Learning a language – 10 things you need to know
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1. Make realistic, specific goals You have decided to learn another language. Now what? On our recent live chat our panellists first piece of advice was to ask yourself: what do you want to achieve and by when? Donavan Whyte, vice president of enterprise and education at Rosetta Stone, says: “Language learning is best when broken down into manageable goals that are achievable over a few months. This is far more motivating and realistic.” You might be feeling wildly optimistic when you start but aiming to be fluent is not necessarily the best idea. Phil McGowan, director at Verbmaps, recommends making these goals tangible and specific: “Why not set yourself a target of being able to read a newspaper article in the target language without having to look up any words in the dictionary?”
2. Remind yourself why you are learning It might sound obvious, but recognising exactly why you want to learn a language is really important. Alex Rawlings, a language teacher now learning his 13th language, says: “Motivation is usually the first thing to go, especially among students who are teaching themselves.” To keep the momentum going he suggests writing down 10 reasons you are learning a language and sticking it to the front of the file you are using: “I turn to these in times of self-doubt.”
3. Focus on exactly what you want to learn Often the discussion around how to learn a language slides into a debate about so-called traditional v tech approaches. For Aaron Ralby, director of Linguisticator, this debate misses the point: “The question is not so much about online v offline or app v book. Rather it should be how can we assemble the necessary elements of language for a particular objective, present them in a user-friendly way, and provide a means for students to understand those elements.” When signing up to a particular method or approach, think about the substance behind the style or technology. “Ultimately,” he says, “the learning takes place inside you rather that outside, regardless of whether it’s a computer or book or a teacher in front of you.”
4. Read for pleasure For many of our panellists, reading was not only great for making progress, but one of the most rewarding aspects of the learning experience. Alex Rawlings explains that reading for pleasure “exposes you to all sorts of vocabulary that you won’t find in day-to-day life, and normalises otherwise baffling and complicated grammatical structures. The first book you ever finish in a foreign languages is a monumental achievement that you’ll remember for a long time.”
5. Learn vocabulary in context Memorising lists of vocabulary can be challenging, not to mention potentially dull. Ed Cooke, co-founder and chief executive of Memrise, believes that association is key to retaining new words: “A great way to build vocabulary is to make sure the lists you’re learning come from situations or texts that you have experienced yourself, so that the content is always relevant and connects to background experience.” |
1.制定現(xiàn)實(shí)而具體的目標(biāo) 你已經(jīng)決定要學(xué)習(xí)一門外語(yǔ)?,F(xiàn)在要如何做呢?在我們最近的在線聊天中,我們的嘉賓所給的第一條建議就是問(wèn)問(wèn)自己:你想要達(dá)成一個(gè)怎樣的目標(biāo)以及何時(shí)達(dá)成?來(lái)自羅塞塔石的企業(yè)教育協(xié)會(huì)副主席多諾萬(wàn)·懷特(Donavan Whyte)說(shuō),學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)言最好的辦法是將學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)分成幾個(gè)易處理的階段目標(biāo),這些目標(biāo)要能夠在數(shù)月之內(nèi)達(dá)成。這個(gè)方法具有激發(fā)性同時(shí)也更容易實(shí)現(xiàn)。在開(kāi)始學(xué)習(xí)一門語(yǔ)言的時(shí)候你可能會(huì)過(guò)于樂(lè)觀,但把目標(biāo)設(shè)為能流利使用該門語(yǔ)言可能不是最好的做法。Verbmaps公司的主管菲爾·麥高恩(Phil McGowan)建議將學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)具化為實(shí)際且具體的目標(biāo):“為什么不設(shè)定這樣一個(gè)學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo),即能夠在不查閱字典的情況下,閱讀目標(biāo)語(yǔ)言的報(bào)紙文章呢?”
2.提醒自己學(xué)習(xí)的目的 這問(wèn)題的答案看起來(lái)似乎很明顯,但能夠準(zhǔn)確地認(rèn)識(shí)到自己學(xué)習(xí)一門語(yǔ)言的目的是很重要的。語(yǔ)言學(xué)教師艾利克斯·羅林斯(Alex Rawlings),目前正在學(xué)習(xí)他的第十三種語(yǔ)言,他說(shuō):“確定學(xué)習(xí)動(dòng)機(jī)是首先要做的事情,尤其對(duì)那些自學(xué)外語(yǔ)的學(xué)生而言。” 他建議學(xué)習(xí)者寫(xiě)下十個(gè)學(xué)習(xí)這門語(yǔ)言的理由,并把它貼在學(xué)習(xí)文件夾的首頁(yè),以此保持學(xué)習(xí)的動(dòng)力:“當(dāng)我開(kāi)始懷疑自己的時(shí)候,我就看看這些當(dāng)初學(xué)習(xí)的理由?!?/p>
3.集中精力學(xué)習(xí)那些你想要學(xué)習(xí)的東西 關(guān)于如何學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)言的討論通常都變成關(guān)于所謂傳統(tǒng)學(xué)習(xí)方法和技術(shù)學(xué)習(xí)方法之間的辯論。對(duì)于Linguisticator公司的主管亞倫·羅爾比(Aaron Ralby)來(lái)說(shuō),此類辯論都沒(méi)有抓到重點(diǎn):“問(wèn)題并不是關(guān)于在線學(xué)習(xí)和離線學(xué)習(xí),亦或使用應(yīng)用程序?qū)W習(xí)或使用書(shū)本學(xué)習(xí),而應(yīng)該是我們?cè)诿鎸?duì)一個(gè)特定的學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)時(shí),如何收集學(xué)習(xí)所需的素材,并將這些材料以對(duì)用戶友好的方式呈現(xiàn),并提供給學(xué)生理解這些材料的方法?!?當(dāng)決定使用某種特定的方法時(shí),要思考這種方式方法或技術(shù)背后的內(nèi)容實(shí)質(zhì)?!白罱K,” 他說(shuō),“學(xué)習(xí)是發(fā)生在你的內(nèi)心而非外部環(huán)境當(dāng)中,無(wú)論你面對(duì)的是電腦、書(shū)本還是老師?!?/p>
4.快樂(lè)閱讀 對(duì)于我們當(dāng)中眾多的小組成員來(lái)說(shuō),閱讀不僅對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)進(jìn)步大有裨益,而且是這次學(xué)習(xí)的經(jīng)歷中對(duì)我們最有益的方面之一。艾利克斯·羅林斯解釋說(shuō)快樂(lè)閱讀能“將你沉浸在眾多日常不會(huì)使用到的詞匯之中,并且將那些令人疑惑和復(fù)雜的語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)常態(tài)化。你完整閱讀的第一本外語(yǔ)書(shū)籍是個(gè)值得紀(jì)念的成就,這會(huì)是一個(gè)很難忘的經(jīng)歷。”
5. 在語(yǔ)境中學(xué)習(xí)詞匯 記住一大堆單詞是很困難的,更不要說(shuō)這可能是一個(gè)相當(dāng)無(wú)聊的過(guò)程。Memrise 公司的聯(lián)合創(chuàng)始人兼首席執(zhí)行官艾德·庫(kù)克(Ed Cooke)認(rèn)為聯(lián)想是記憶單詞很重要的方法:“建立詞匯庫(kù)的一個(gè)重要方法是確保你現(xiàn)在學(xué)習(xí)的那些單詞都是來(lái)自親身經(jīng)歷的場(chǎng)景或閱讀的文本,這樣的話記憶的內(nèi)容就會(huì)與經(jīng)驗(yàn)背景聯(lián)系起來(lái)?!?#160; |
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