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More than half of women are bullied or harassed at work – often by members of their own sex, a major poll reveals on April 1.
Based on interviews with nearly 23,000 women and more than 2,000 men, the survey is the largest of its kind in the UK.
It reveals that the biggest enemy facing women in the office or other workplace is often other women, rather than their male colleagues.
Women who had been bullied by a member of their own sex said they felt they may have been targeted because their senior colleague felt threatened by their abilities.
The authors of the study said: ‘Women often experience bullying by female colleagues and line managers.
‘[This is] a point echoed by focus group participants who thought female bullies felt threatened by potential and ability and so exploited their position or authority to undermine.’
One in four women – all between the ages of 28 and 40 – said they had been undermined by a boss overloading them with work and constantly criticising them.
The same proportion said they had suffered from ‘over-bearing supervision or other misuse of power or position’.
One in eight said they had been sexually harassed – defined as ‘unwelcome comments of a sexual nature’.
This includes unwanted physical contact or leering, asking for sexual favours, displaying offensive material such as posters, or sending offensive emails or texts of a sexual nature.
The research was commissioned by the women’s campaign group Opportunity Now and accountants PwC.
Helena Morrissey, a mother of nine and chairman of Opportunity Now, said: ‘Women have told us they are ambitious, confident and feel supported by their partners in their career aspirations.
They feel much less encouraged by their employers, however, both in respect of career development and the workplace culture, where bullying and harassment are still prevalent.’
One man who took part in the Project 28-40 research said: ‘Senior males in my office are known for going after the younger women.
‘It is a joke [but] goes on too much for that to be acceptable.’
The biggest enemy facing women in the office or other workplace is often other women, rather than their male colleagues, the study says.
One woman, who was not named, spoke of her own experience of being bullied at work. ‘Bullying will always happen – but there needs to be an effective and open way of dealing with it,’ she said.
‘In mishandling what happened to me so badly, the organisation completely destroyed my faith in it and any belief I had that such a situation would not happen again.’
Young women, such as those in their twenties who have not yet had children, said they were ‘pessimistic’ about their ability to combine a career and a family life.
Around three in four women said they were ‘nervous about the impact that having children will have on their career.’ By comparison, only a third of men said they were worried.
The findings come after official figures showed that women under the age of 40 now earn almost exactly the same as men for the first time in history.
In a landmark moment, the pay gap has narrowed so dramatically since 1997 that it is ‘a(chǎn)t or around zero’.
In 1997, a woman in her 30s with a full-time job typically earned 11 percent less than a man. Today the gap stands at just 1 per cent.
Lord Mervyn Davies, the Government’s equality tsar, has said it is unacceptable for firms not to have a woman in the boardroom.
Under the Government’s voluntary code, which he masterminded, 25 percent of directors in the FTSE 100 should be women by 2015. At present, the figure is 20.7 percent.
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英國(guó)一份民意調(diào)查4月1日揭示:有超過(guò)一半的女性在工作場(chǎng)所受到欺負(fù)或騷擾,而欺辱她們的往往都是女性。
此次民調(diào)是英國(guó)就此類(lèi)問(wèn)題開(kāi)展調(diào)查規(guī)模最大的一次,有近2.3萬(wàn)名女性和2000多名男性接受了問(wèn)訪。
民調(diào)結(jié)果顯示,女性在辦公室或其他工作場(chǎng)所最大的敵人不是男性同事,而是其他女性職員。
在職場(chǎng)受到欺辱的女性稱(chēng):她們感覺(jué)到遭受欺辱的原因是她們的工作能力威脅到了職場(chǎng)上的資深女性同事。
這項(xiàng)研究的作者稱(chēng):“女性常常有被女同事和女性管理者欺負(fù)的經(jīng)歷,這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)也迎合了參與者中典型受欺負(fù)群體的心聲,即她們的潛質(zhì)和能力讓資深女同事們感受到了威脅,從而促使了這些職場(chǎng)資深女同事們會(huì)利用職權(quán)或權(quán)威先發(fā)制人?!?/p>
28歲到40歲的女性中有四分之一的人稱(chēng)她們?cè)慌纤尽按┬⌒?,或者老是被?xùn)斥。同樣也有四分之一的女性稱(chēng)她們?cè)慌纤具^(guò)度監(jiān)管,或者淪為職權(quán)濫用的犧牲品。有八分之一的人稱(chēng)她們?cè)馐苓^(guò)性騷擾,不過(guò)這種騷擾被定性為一種"不受歡迎的性言論"。
此次調(diào)查受婦女運(yùn)動(dòng)組織即時(shí)機(jī)遇與普華永道會(huì)計(jì)事務(wù)所(Opportunity Now and accountants Pwc)共同委托,為9個(gè)孩子母親的即時(shí)機(jī)遇組織主席海倫娜模里西(Helena Morrissey)說(shuō):“職場(chǎng)女性告訴我們,她們有抱負(fù)、有自信,同時(shí)在職場(chǎng)生涯里感受到了來(lái)自父母?jìng)兊闹С?。但她們的上司卻讓她們垂頭喪氣,無(wú)論是在工作前途上還是在職場(chǎng)文化中,欺辱現(xiàn)象仍很猖獗?!?/p>
一位參加了28到40歲年齡組受訪的男性稱(chēng):“我辦公室資深的男性都喜好追年輕的女性職員,大家都知道這個(gè)秘密,雖然被當(dāng)做笑談,但卻有點(diǎn)過(guò)頭了,讓人難以接受?!?/p>
研究稱(chēng):女性在辦公室或其他工作場(chǎng)所最大的敵人常常不是男同事,而是她們的女性同僚。
一位沒(méi)有給出姓名的女性講出了她在工作場(chǎng)所受欺負(fù)的經(jīng)歷,她說(shuō):“欺負(fù)常常發(fā)生,但是需要一個(gè)有效的、公開(kāi)的辦法來(lái)對(duì)付。由于我處理不當(dāng),從而徹底地摧毀了我對(duì)工作單位的信心,也讓我原本以為此類(lèi)事情不會(huì)再次發(fā)生的信念蕩然無(wú)存。”
那些20出頭還沒(méi)有孩子的年輕女性對(duì)她們?nèi)绾斡心芰μ幚砗眉彝ズ褪聵I(yè)的關(guān)系時(shí)表示了悲觀情緒。對(duì)有孩子后會(huì)對(duì)工作造成沖擊這個(gè)問(wèn)題上,約有四分之三的女性表示很緊張。相比之下只有三分之一的男性表示了擔(dān)憂(yōu)。
英國(guó)官方數(shù)字顯示目前40歲以下的女性工資收入和男性持平,官方稱(chēng)這是一個(gè)地標(biāo)性的時(shí)刻,自1997年后男女收入差距縮小是如此引人注目,差距率等于或大約為零,屬于史上首次,而這一民調(diào)結(jié)果的公布則緊隨其后。
1997年,30多歲的全職女性大體上要比男性工資少11%,而如今這一差距下降到了僅1%。
莫文?戴維斯勛爵是政府平衡法的泰斗,他曾說(shuō)過(guò),公司董事會(huì)會(huì)議室里沒(méi)有女性入座簡(jiǎn)直讓人不能接受。莫文還策劃了政府的自律守則(voluntary code),該守則規(guī)定,到2015年女性要占富時(shí)100指數(shù)公司董事席位的25%,而目前,這一數(shù)字僅為20.7%。
(譯者 arcadian 編輯 丹妮)
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