（四）加快推進經(jīng)濟結(jié)構(gòu)戰(zhàn)略性調(diào)整
4. Accelerating strategic economic restructuring
這是轉(zhuǎn)變經(jīng)濟發(fā)展方式的主攻方向。要推動經(jīng)濟盡快走上內(nèi)生增長、創(chuàng)新驅(qū)動的軌道。
This is the major goal of transforming the pattern of economic development. China's economy needs to be quickly put on the path of endogenous growth driven by innovation.
調(diào)整優(yōu)化產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)。加快構(gòu)建現(xiàn)代產(chǎn)業(yè)體系，推動產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)型升級。一是改造提升制造業(yè)。加大企業(yè)技術(shù)改造力度，重點增強新產(chǎn)品開發(fā)能力和品牌創(chuàng)建能力，提高能源資源綜合利用水平、技術(shù)工藝系統(tǒng)集成水平，提高產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量、技術(shù)含量和附加值。推動重點行業(yè)企業(yè)跨地區(qū)兼并重組。完善落后產(chǎn)能退出機制和配套政策。二是加快培育發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略性新興產(chǎn)業(yè)。積極發(fā)展新一代信息技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)，建設(shè)高性能寬帶信息網(wǎng)，加快實現(xiàn)“三網(wǎng)融合”，促進物聯(lián)網(wǎng)示范應(yīng)用。大力推動節(jié)能環(huán)保、新能源、生物、高端裝備制造、新材料、新能源汽車等產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展。要抓緊制定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，完善政策，加強創(chuàng)新能力建設(shè)，發(fā)揮科技型中小企業(yè)作用，促進戰(zhàn)略性新興產(chǎn)業(yè)健康發(fā)展，加快形成生產(chǎn)能力和核心競爭力。三是大力發(fā)展服務(wù)業(yè)。加快發(fā)展生產(chǎn)性服務(wù)業(yè)，積極發(fā)展生活性服務(wù)業(yè)。大力發(fā)展和提升軟件產(chǎn)業(yè)。著力營造有利于服務(wù)業(yè)發(fā)展的市場環(huán)境，加快完善促進服務(wù)業(yè)發(fā)展的政策體系。盡快實現(xiàn)鼓勵類服務(wù)業(yè)用電、用水、用氣、用熱與工業(yè)基本同價。四是加強現(xiàn)代能源產(chǎn)業(yè)和綜合運輸體系建設(shè)。積極推動能源生產(chǎn)和利用方式變革，提高能源利用效率。推進傳統(tǒng)能源清潔利用，加強智能電網(wǎng)建設(shè)，大力發(fā)展清潔能源。統(tǒng)籌發(fā)展、加快構(gòu)建便捷、安全、經(jīng)濟、高效的綜合運輸體系。堅持陸海統(tǒng)籌，推進海洋經(jīng)濟發(fā)展。
We will adjust and optimize the industrial structure. We will quicken the establishment of a modern industrial system and give impetus to industrial transformation and upgrading.
First, we will transform and upgrade manufacturing industries. We will intensify technological upgrading in enterprises, with the focus on becoming better able to develop new products and build brand names; utilize energy and resources more comprehensively; increase the integration of technological and process systems; and raise the quality, technological content and value-added of products. We will encourage enterprises in key industries to enter into trans-regional acquisitions and reorganizations. We will improve the exit mechanism and accompanying policies for outdated production capacity.
Second, we will accelerate the cultivation and development of strategic emerging industries. We will vigorously develop the next-generation IT industry; build a high-performance broadband information network; accelerate the integration of the telecommunications network, the radio and television broadcasting network, and the Internet; and promote demonstrations on how to use the Internet of Things. We will energetically give impetus to the development of industries such as energy conservation, environmental protection, new energy, biotechnology, high-end equipment manufacturing, new materials and new energy vehicles. We need to promptly formulate standards, improve policies, enhance innovation capabilities, get small and medium-sized high-tech companies to play their role, and foster the healthy development of strategic emerging industries so they more quickly build their production capacity and core competitiveness.
Third, we will vigorously develop service industries. We will accelerate the development of producer services and actively develop consumer services. We will make every effort to develop and upgrade the software industry. We will strive to create a market environment that is conducive to the development of service industries, and quickly improve the policy system for stimulating their development. We will make the prices of power, water, gas and heating basically the same for both service industries encouraged by the state and the industrial sector as quickly as possible.
Fourth, we will strengthen the modern energy industry and the comprehensive transport system. We will actively promote changes in the way energy is produced and used and raise energy efficiency. We will give impetus to the clean use of traditional energy sources, intensify the construction of smart power grids, and vigorously develop clean energy. We will coordinate the development and accelerate the construction of a comprehensive transport system that is convenient, safe, cost-effective and highly efficient. We will steadfastly make coordinated development plans for land and sea and advance the development of the marine economy.
促進區(qū)域協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展。全面落實各項區(qū)域發(fā)展規(guī)劃。堅持把實施西部大開發(fā)戰(zhàn)略放在區(qū)域發(fā)展總體戰(zhàn)略的優(yōu)先位置，認真落實西部大開發(fā)新十年的政策措施和促進西藏、新疆等地區(qū)跨越式發(fā)展的各項舉措。全面振興東北地區(qū)等老工業(yè)基地，繼續(xù)推進資源型城市轉(zhuǎn)型。大力促進中部地區(qū)崛起，進一步發(fā)揮承東啟西的區(qū)位優(yōu)勢。積極支持東部地區(qū)率先發(fā)展，在體制機制創(chuàng)新和發(fā)展方式轉(zhuǎn)變上走在全國前列。更好發(fā)揮深圳等經(jīng)濟特區(qū)、上海浦東新區(qū)、天津濱海新區(qū)在改革開放中先行先試的作用。加大力度支持革命老區(qū)、民族地區(qū)、邊疆地區(qū)發(fā)展，頒布實施2011-2020年中國農(nóng)村扶貧開發(fā)綱要，啟動集中連片特殊困難地區(qū)扶貧開發(fā)攻堅工程，加快貧困地區(qū)脫貧致富步伐。
We will promote balanced development between regions. We will fully implement all regional development plans. In implementing the master strategy of regional development, we will steadfastly give high priority to the strategy of large-scale development of the western region, and earnestly implement the policies and measures for the new ten-year period of the large-scale development of the western region and all the measures to promote the leapfrog development of Tibet and Xinjiang. We will fully revitalize old industrial bases such as northeast China and continue to transform resource-dependent cities. We will vigorously foster the rise of the central region and make greater use of its geographical advantage of linking the eastern and western regions.
We will actively support the eastern region in taking the lead in development, and leading the country in making innovations in systems and mechanisms and transforming the pattern of development. We will get Shenzhen and other special economic zones, Pudong New Area in Shanghai and Binhai New Area in Tianjin to better play a leading and exploratory role in reform and opening up. We will give greater support to the development of old revolutionary base areas, ethnic minority areas and border areas, promulgate and implement the 2011-2020 rural poverty alleviation and development program, launch the project to alleviate poverty through development in contiguous areas with particular difficulties, and lift impoverished areas out of poverty more quickly.
積極穩(wěn)妥推進城鎮(zhèn)化。堅持走中國特色城鎮(zhèn)化道路，遵循城市發(fā)展規(guī)律，促進城鎮(zhèn)化健康發(fā)展。堅持科學(xué)規(guī)劃，嚴(yán)格管理。加強城市基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施和公共服務(wù)設(shè)施建設(shè)，增強城鎮(zhèn)綜合承載能力，提高管理和服務(wù)水平。因地制宜，分步推進，把有穩(wěn)定勞動關(guān)系并在城鎮(zhèn)居住一定年限的農(nóng)民工，逐步轉(zhuǎn)為城鎮(zhèn)居民。對暫不具備落戶條件的農(nóng)民工，要解決好他們在勞動報酬、子女就學(xué)、公共衛(wèi)生、住房租賃、社會保障等方面的實際問題。要充分尊重農(nóng)民在進城和留鄉(xiāng)問題上的自主選擇權(quán)，切實保護農(nóng)民承包地、宅基地等合法權(quán)益。城鎮(zhèn)化要同農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化和新農(nóng)村建設(shè)相互促進，這是必須堅持的正確方向。
We will actively yet prudently move forward with urbanization. We will adhere to the path of urbanization with Chinese characteristics, abide by the principles of urban development and foster the sound development of urbanization. We will adhere to scientific planning and strict management. We will strengthen urban infrastructure and public service facilities, increase the overall carrying capacity of cities and towns, and raise the level of urban management and services. We will gradually make sure that rural migrant workers who have stable jobs and have lived in cities or towns for a number of years are registered as urban residents in line with local conditions and in a step-by-step manner.
We need to help rural migrant workers who do not currently qualify as urban residents to resolve practical difficulties such as remuneration, schooling for their children, public health, renting homes, and social security. We need to fully respect the right of farmers to independently choose whether to seek jobs in cities or stay in their home villages, and genuinely protect their legitimate rights and interests concerning land they contract to work and the land on which their homes sit. We must steadfastly adhere to the correct orientation of ensuring that urbanization together with agricultural modernization and the building of a new countryside are mutually reinforcing.
加強節(jié)能環(huán)保和生態(tài)建設(shè)，積極應(yīng)對氣候變化。突出抓好工業(yè)、建筑、交通運輸、公共機構(gòu)等領(lǐng)域節(jié)能。繼續(xù)實施重點節(jié)能工程。大力開展工業(yè)節(jié)能，推廣節(jié)能技術(shù)，運用節(jié)能設(shè)備，提高能源利用效率。加大既有建筑節(jié)能改造投入，積極推進新建建筑節(jié)能。大力發(fā)展循環(huán)經(jīng)濟。推進低碳城市試點。加強適應(yīng)氣候變化特別是應(yīng)對極端氣候事件能力建設(shè)。建立完善溫室氣體排放和節(jié)能減排統(tǒng)計監(jiān)測制度。加快城鎮(zhèn)污水管網(wǎng)、垃圾處理設(shè)施的規(guī)劃和建設(shè)，推廣污水處理回用。加強化學(xué)品環(huán)境管理。啟動燃煤電廠脫硝工作，深化顆粒物污染防治。加強海洋污染治理。加快重點流域水污染治理、大氣污染治理、重點地區(qū)重金屬污染治理和農(nóng)村環(huán)境綜合整治，控制農(nóng)村面源污染。繼續(xù)實施重大生態(tài)修復(fù)工程，加強重點生態(tài)功能區(qū)保護和管理，實施天然林資源保護二期工程，落實草原生態(tài)保護補助獎勵政策，鞏固退耕還林還草、退牧還草等成果，大力開展植樹造林，加強濕地保護與恢復(fù)，推進荒漠化、石漠化綜合治理。完善防災(zāi)減災(zāi)應(yīng)急預(yù)案，加快山洪地質(zhì)災(zāi)害易發(fā)區(qū)調(diào)查評價、監(jiān)測預(yù)警、防治應(yīng)急等體制建設(shè)。
We will strengthen energy conservation, environmental protection and ecological development, and actively respond to climate change. We will focus on conserving energy in areas such as the industrial sector, construction, transportation and public institutions. We will continue to implement key energy conservation projects. We will vigorously conserve energy in the industrial sector, popularize energy-conserving technology and equipment, and improve energy efficiency. We will invest more in improving energy conservation in existing buildings and actively promote energy conservation in new buildings. We will vigorously develop the circular economy. We will move forward with the pilot project to build low-carbon cities.
We will strengthen our capacity to adapt to climate change and respond to extreme climate events in particular. We will put in place well-equipped statistical and monitoring systems for greenhouse gas emissions, energy conservation and emissions reduction. We will accelerate the planning and building of sewer networks and garbage disposal facilities in urban areas and expand the use of recycled water. We will strengthen the environmental management of chemicals. We will start the work of denitration in coal-fired power plants and strengthen prevention and control of particles pollution; step up the treatment of marine pollution; accelerate the treatment of water pollution in key river basins, the treatment of air pollution, the treatment of heavy metal pollution in key areas and the comprehensive improvement of the rural environment; and control pollution from non-point rural sources.
We will continue to carry out major ecological restoration projects, intensify the protection and management of major functional ecological zones, implement the second phase of the project to protect natural forest resources, implement the subsidy and reward policy for grassland ecological conservation, consolidate achievements already made in turning reclaimed farmland into forests and grasslands as well as grazing land to grasslands, vigorously carry out afforestation, strengthen wetland protection and recovery, and make progress in comprehensively dealing with desertification and stony deserts. We will improve contingency plans for preventing and mitigating natural disasters, and accelerate the development of surveying and evaluation, monitoring and early warning, prevention and control, and emergency response systems in areas prone to geological disasters from mountain torrents.
（五）大力實施科教興國戰(zhàn)略和人才強國戰(zhàn)略
5. Vigorously implementing the strategy of reinvigorating the country through science and education and the strategy of strengthening the country through human resource development
科技、教育和人才是國家發(fā)展的基礎(chǔ)和根本，必須始終放在重要的戰(zhàn)略位置。
Science and technology, education and human resources are the foundation of national development, and they must therefore always be given an important strategic position.
堅持優(yōu)先發(fā)展教育。推動教育事業(yè)科學(xué)發(fā)展，為人們提供更加多樣、更加公平、更高質(zhì)量的教育。2012年財政性教育經(jīng)費支出占國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值比重達到4%。加快發(fā)展學(xué)前教育。公辦民辦并舉，增加學(xué)前教育資源，抓緊解決“入園難”問題。促進義務(wù)教育均衡發(fā)展。加強義務(wù)教育階段學(xué)校標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化建設(shè)，公共資源配置重點向農(nóng)村和城市薄弱學(xué)校傾斜。以流入地政府和公辦學(xué)校為主，切實保障農(nóng)民工隨遷子女平等接受義務(wù)教育。支持民族地區(qū)教育發(fā)展，做好“雙語”教學(xué)工作。全面推進素質(zhì)教育。加快教育改革，切實減輕中小學(xué)生過重課業(yè)負擔(dān)，注重引導(dǎo)和培養(yǎng)孩子們獨立思考、實踐創(chuàng)新能力。保證中小學(xué)生每天一小時校園體育活動。大力發(fā)展職業(yè)教育。引導(dǎo)高中階段學(xué)校和高等學(xué)校辦出特色，提高教育質(zhì)量，增強學(xué)生就業(yè)創(chuàng)業(yè)能力。加強重點學(xué)科建設(shè)，加快建設(shè)一批世界一流大學(xué)。支持特殊教育發(fā)展。落實和完善國家助學(xué)制度，無論哪個教育階段，都要確保每個孩子不因家庭經(jīng)濟困難而失學(xué)。
We will continue to give high priority to education. We will promote the scientific development of education programs, and provide people with more diverse, more equitable and higher-quality education. In 2012, government spending on education will reach 4% of GDP. We will speed up the development of preschool education. We will encourage both governmental and nongovernmental bodies to provide preschool educational services in order to increase resources and promptly solve problems concerning access to preschool education. We will promote the balanced development of compulsory education.
We will strengthen standardization in compulsory education schools, and ensure that the allocation of public resources gives priority to rural schools and weak urban schools. Relying mainly on local governments and public schools, we will guarantee equal access to compulsory education for the children of rural migrant workers who live in cities. We will support the development of education and promote bilingual instruction in ethnic minority areas. We will comprehensively promote well-rounded education. We will accelerate education reforms; genuinely lighten the school workload of primary and secondary school students; and give high priority to guiding students and fostering their ability to think independently, solve practical problems and be innovative.
We will ensure that primary and middle school students do one hour of physical exercise in school every day. We will vigorously develop vocational education. We will guide senior secondary schools and universities to emphasize their unique features, raise the quality of their teaching, and help their students to become better able to find employment or start their own businesses. We will strengthen the development of key disciplines and accelerate the development of a number of world-class universities. We will support the development of special education. We will implement and improve the government financial aid system for students and ensure no children are obliged to discontinue schooling at any stage of education due to their family's financial difficulties.
全面加強人才工作。以高層次和高技能人才為重點，加快培養(yǎng)造就一大批創(chuàng)新型科技人才和急需緊缺人才。加大人才開發(fā)投入，推進重大人才工程。深化選人用人制度改革，努力營造平等公開、競爭擇優(yōu)的制度和社會環(huán)境，激勵優(yōu)秀人才脫穎而出，創(chuàng)造人盡其才的良好局面。
We will comprehensively strengthen human resource development. With the focus on high-level and highly skilled personnel, we will more quickly foster a large number of innovative scientists and engineers and skilled workers who are urgently needed and in short supply. We will invest more in human resource development and carry out major projects to foster talented personnel. We will deepen the reform of the systems for selecting and employing personnel; strive to create an equitable, open and competitive system as well as social environment in which people are selected on their merits; encourage outstanding people to emerge; and create an environment that encourages talented people to tap their full potential.
大力推進科技創(chuàng)新。加快實施國家科技重大專項，突破一批核心關(guān)鍵技術(shù)，提升重大集成創(chuàng)新能力。加強基礎(chǔ)研究、前沿技術(shù)研究，增強原始創(chuàng)新能力。推動建立企業(yè)主導(dǎo)技術(shù)研發(fā)創(chuàng)新的體制機制。鼓勵企業(yè)共同出資開展關(guān)鍵共性技術(shù)研發(fā)，共擔(dān)風(fēng)險、共享成果，對符合國家戰(zhàn)略方向的項目，政府要從政策和資金上給予支持。深化科技管理體制改革，促進科技資源優(yōu)化配置、高效利用和開放共享。激勵科研院所、高等學(xué)校和廣大科技人員以多種形式與企業(yè)合作。保持財政科技投入穩(wěn)定增長，提高科研經(jīng)費使用效率。堅定不移地實施國家知識產(chǎn)權(quán)戰(zhàn)略，提升知識產(chǎn)權(quán)的創(chuàng)造、應(yīng)用、保護、管理能力，激發(fā)全社會創(chuàng)新活力。
We will vigorously promote scientific and technological innovation. We will speed up the implementation of major national science and technology projects, make breakthroughs in a number of core and key technologies, and enhance our capabilities to carry out major integrated innovation projects. We will strengthen basic research and research in cutting-edge technologies and increase our capacity for original innovation. We will give impetus to the establishment of systems and mechanisms for enterprises to take the lead in R&D and innovation. We will encourage enterprises to undertake jointly funded R&D on key generic technologies and share both risks and rewards.
The government needs to provide policy and financial support to projects in areas of national strategic interests. We will deepen reform of the system for managing science and technology, and promote the optimal allocation, efficient use and public sharing of scientific and technological resources. We will provide incentives to research institutes, universities, scientists and engineers to encourage them to cooperate with enterprises in various ways. We will steadily increase government spending on science and technology, and improve the performance of research expenditures. We will unswervingly implement the national strategy on intellectual property rights; improve our ability to create, apply, protect and manage them; and arouse an innovative spirit throughout society.
（來源：新華網(wǎng) 編輯：崔旭燕）
