（四）堅定不移深化改革開放，增強(qiáng)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會發(fā)展內(nèi)在活力。
財政轉(zhuǎn)移支付制度逐步完善，縣級基本財力保障機(jī)制初步建立。增值稅轉(zhuǎn)型全面實施，成品油價格和稅費(fèi)改革順利推進(jìn)，資源稅改革啟動試點，內(nèi)外資企業(yè)稅制全面統(tǒng)一。國有大型商業(yè)銀行股份制改革順利完成，政策性金融機(jī)構(gòu)改革、農(nóng)村信用社改革積極推進(jìn)；平穩(wěn)解決上市公司股權(quán)分置問題，創(chuàng)業(yè)板、股指期貨和融資融券順利推出，債券市場穩(wěn)步發(fā)展；深入推進(jìn)保險業(yè)改革開放；人民幣匯率形成機(jī)制改革有序推進(jìn)，跨境貿(mào)易人民幣結(jié)算試點不斷擴(kuò)大。國有企業(yè)公司制股份制改革、國有資產(chǎn)監(jiān)管體制改革取得積極進(jìn)展。郵政體制改革加快推進(jìn)。制定實施促進(jìn)中小企業(yè)發(fā)展和民間投資的一系列政策，非公有制經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展環(huán)境不斷改善，多種所有制經(jīng)濟(jì)共同發(fā)展。
4. Determinedly working to deepen reform and opening up, and strengthening the internal vitality of economic and social development
We gradually improved the system of transfer payments and set up a rudimentary mechanism for ensuring basic funding for county-level governments. We comprehensively carried out VAT reform. The reform of prices of refined oil products and related taxes and fees was implemented smoothly. Trials were launched for the reform of resource taxes, and the corporate tax systems for domestic and overseas-funded enterprises were unified.
The reform to convert large state-owned commercial banks to stockholding companies was smoothly completed, and the reform of policy-based financial institutions and rural credit cooperatives is well underway. We steadily resolved the issue of floating non-tradable shares of listed companies; successfully launched the ChiNext stock market; and introduced stock index futures and securities margin trading. The market for government bonds developed steadily. We deepened the reform and opening up of the insurance industry. Orderly progress was made in reforming the mechanism for setting the RMB exchange rate, and the trials of settling cross-border trade accounts in RMB were constantly expanded.
Positive progress was made in the reform to turn state-owned enterprises (SOEs) into stockholding corporations and the reform of the system for managing and overseeing state assets. We accelerated reform of the postal system. A series of policies were formulated and implemented to promote the development of small and medium-sized enterprises and encourage nongovernmental investment, the environment for the development of the non-public sector of the economy constantly improved, and economic entities under diverse forms of ownership developed side by side.
不斷拓展對外開放的廣度和深度。進(jìn)出口總額年均增長15.9%，結(jié)構(gòu)不斷優(yōu)化。貿(mào)易順差連續(xù)兩年下降，2010年比上年減少6.4%。利用外資水平進(jìn)一步提高。企業(yè)“走出去”步伐明顯加快，累計對外直接投資2200億美元，對外工程承包和勞務(wù)合作營業(yè)額3352億美元。積極參與全球經(jīng)濟(jì)治理機(jī)制改革和區(qū)域合作機(jī)制建設(shè)，多邊、雙邊經(jīng)貿(mào)合作繼續(xù)深化。對外援助規(guī)模持續(xù)擴(kuò)大。對外開放有力促進(jìn)了經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展和結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整，增加了就業(yè)，吸收了先進(jìn)技術(shù)和管理經(jīng)驗，大大提高了我國的國際地位。
The breadth and depth of our openness to the outside world constantly increased. Total import and export volume grew by an average annual rate of 15.9%, and the structure of imports and exports constantly improved. Our trade surplus decreased for two consecutive years, and the year-on-year decrease was 6.4% in 2010. The utilization of foreign capital further improved. The pace of enterprises "going global" increased noticeably: outward foreign direct investment reached $220 billion and the total volume of contracts to build foreign projects and provide overseas labor services reached $335.2 billion.
We energetically participated in the reform of global economic governance and the development of mechanisms for regional cooperation, and our multilateral and bilateral economic and trade cooperation continued to deepen. The scale of our foreign aid continued to grow. Opening to the outside world strongly stimulated economic development and restructuring, increased employment, attracted advanced technology and managerial expertise, and greatly improved China's international standing.
（五）加快發(fā)展社會事業(yè)，切實保障和改善民生。
始終堅持經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展與社會發(fā)展相協(xié)調(diào)，圍繞改善民生謀發(fā)展。把就業(yè)放在經(jīng)濟(jì)社會發(fā)展的優(yōu)先位置。加強(qiáng)職業(yè)培訓(xùn)和就業(yè)服務(wù)，促進(jìn)高校畢業(yè)生、農(nóng)村轉(zhuǎn)移勞動力、城鎮(zhèn)就業(yè)困難人員就業(yè)，做好退役軍人就業(yè)安置工作。實施勞動合同法和就業(yè)促進(jìn)法，普遍提高最低工資標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，推動建立和諧勞動關(guān)系。覆蓋城鄉(xiāng)的社會保障體系建設(shè)取得突破性進(jìn)展，城鎮(zhèn)職工基本養(yǎng)老保險實現(xiàn)省級統(tǒng)籌，實施養(yǎng)老保險關(guān)系跨省轉(zhuǎn)移接續(xù)辦法，連續(xù)7年提高企業(yè)退休人員基本養(yǎng)老金水平，年均增長10%，新型農(nóng)村社會養(yǎng)老保險試點覆蓋24%的縣。積極穩(wěn)妥推進(jìn)醫(yī)藥衛(wèi)生體制改革，全面建立城鎮(zhèn)居民基本醫(yī)療保險制度、新型農(nóng)村合作醫(yī)療制度，惠及12.67億城鄉(xiāng)居民。最低生活保障制度實現(xiàn)全覆蓋，城鄉(xiāng)社會救助體系基本建立，社會福利、優(yōu)撫安置、慈善和殘疾人事業(yè)取得新進(jìn)展。全國社會保障基金積累7810億元，比五年前增加5800多億元。大力實施保障性住房建設(shè)和棚戶區(qū)改造，使1100萬戶困難家庭住上了新房。我們要持之以恒，努力讓全體人民老有所養(yǎng)、病有所醫(yī)、住有所居。
5. Accelerating the development of social undertakings and genuinely ensuring and improving the people's wellbeing
We constantly worked to keep economic development in line with social development, and plan development with a view to improving the wellbeing of the people. We gave high priority to employment in economic and social development. We improved vocational training and employment services; helped college graduates, rural migrant workers and urban residents who have difficulty finding jobs to find employment; and helped ex-soldiers find jobs and settle down. We implemented the Labor Contract Law and the Law on Promoting Employment, raised minimum wages, and promoted harmonious labor relations.
We achieved breakthroughs in the development of the social security system for both urban and rural residents; basic pension insurance for urban workers was put under unified planning at the provincial level; a method was devised to transfer pension insurance coverage for workers moving to other provinces; and there was an average 10% increase per year over the last seven years in the basic pension for enterprise retirees. In addition, the trial of a new type of pension insurance for rural residents has been extended to 24% of all counties. We actively yet prudently carried out the reform of the pharmaceutical and healthcare systems, and completed a basic medical insurance system for non-working urban residents and a new rural cooperative medical care system, which benefit 1.267 billion urban and rural residents.
We achieved complete coverage of the subsistence allowance system; basically put in place an urban-rural government assistance program; and made continued progress in programs related to social welfare, preferential treatment and arrangements for entitled groups, charities, and people who are physically or mentally handicapped. Moreover, the national social security fund now stands at 781 billion yuan, over 580 billion yuan more than five years ago. We devoted great efforts to constructing low-income housing and redeveloping run-down areas, and as a result, 11 million poor households were able to move into new homes. We worked tirelessly to ensure everyone has access to old-age care, medical treatment, and housing.
制定和實施國家中長期教育改革和發(fā)展規(guī)劃綱要。五年全國財政教育支出累計4.45萬億元，年均增長22.4%。全面實現(xiàn)城鄉(xiāng)免費(fèi)義務(wù)教育，所有適齡兒童都能“不花錢、有學(xué)上”。義務(wù)教育階段教師績效工資制度全面實施。中等職業(yè)教育對農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)困難家庭、城市低收入家庭和涉農(nóng)專業(yè)的學(xué)生實行免費(fèi)。加快實施國家助學(xué)制度，財政投入從2006年的18億元增加到2010年的306億元，覆蓋面從高等學(xué)校擴(kuò)大到中等職業(yè)學(xué)校和普通高中，共資助學(xué)生2130萬名，還為1200多萬名義務(wù)教育寄宿生提供生活補(bǔ)助。加快農(nóng)村中小學(xué)危房改造和職業(yè)教育基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)。全面提高高等教育質(zhì)量和水平，增強(qiáng)高校創(chuàng)新能力。制定并實施國家中長期科學(xué)和技術(shù)發(fā)展規(guī)劃綱要，中央財政科技投入6197億元，年均增長22.7%，取得了一系列重大成果。大力加強(qiáng)基層醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生服務(wù)能力建設(shè)。國家財政安排專項資金，改造和新建2.3萬所鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)衛(wèi)生院、1500所縣醫(yī)院、500所縣中醫(yī)院和1000所縣婦幼保健院，建立了2400所社區(qū)衛(wèi)生服務(wù)中心。制定并實施國家中長期人才發(fā)展規(guī)劃綱要。人口規(guī)劃目標(biāo)順利實現(xiàn)。文化體制改革取得重要進(jìn)展。公共文化服務(wù)體系建設(shè)明顯加快，文化產(chǎn)業(yè)蓬勃發(fā)展。哲學(xué)社會科學(xué)和新聞出版、廣播影視、文學(xué)藝術(shù)繁榮進(jìn)步。城鄉(xiāng)公共體育設(shè)施建設(shè)加快，全民健身活動蔚然成風(fēng)。法制建設(shè)全面推進(jìn)，“五五”普法順利完成。創(chuàng)新和加強(qiáng)社會管理，社會保持和諧穩(wěn)定。
We formulated and implemented the National Medium- and Long-Term Plan for Education Reform and Development. Government spending on education nationwide totaled 4.45 trillion yuan, and grew at an average annual rate of 22.4%. We made urban and rural compulsory education free so that all children of school age can receive an education at no cost. We fully implemented the system that links the salaries of teachers in compulsory education to their performance. Secondary vocational education was made free for students from poverty-stricken rural households and low-income urban households and students whose majors are related to agriculture.
We accelerated the implementation of the government financial aid system for students, and government investment increased from 1.8 billion yuan in 2006 to 30.6 billion yuan in 2010. The system was expanded from institutions of higher learning to secondary vocational schools and regular senior secondary schools, and has helped fund the education of 21.3 million students and provided living expenses for over 12 million students living on campus while receiving compulsory education. We accelerated the renovation of dilapidated primary and secondary school buildings in rural areas and the development of vocational education infrastructure. We improved the overall quality of higher education, and enhanced the innovation capacity of colleges and universities.
We formulated and implemented the National Medium- and Long-Term Plan for Scientific and Technological Development. The central government allocated 619.7 billion yuan for science and technology, an average annual increase of 22.7%, which resulted in a series of major achievements. Great efforts were made to improve the services provided by community-based medical and health care facilities. A special fund was included in the state budget to renovate or build 23,000 town and township hospitals, 1,500 county hospitals, 500 county traditional Chinese medicine hospitals, and 1,000 county maternity and childcare hospitals, as well as to build 2,400 community health service centers. We formulated and implemented the National Medium- and Long-Term Plan for Human Resource Development. We smoothly attained population planning objectives. Important progress was made in the reform of the cultural management system.
Development of the system of public cultural services noticeably accelerated, and the culture industry developed vigorously. Philosophy and the social sciences, the press and publishing, radio, film and television, and literature and art all flourished and advanced. The construction of urban and rural public sports and exercise facilities was accelerated, and the national fitness program has taken root. We comprehensively improved the legal system and smoothly implemented the fifth five-year plan to educate the public about the law. We made innovations in and strengthened the administration of society and maintained social harmony and stability.
（來源：新華網(wǎng) 編輯：崔旭燕）
