你問我答
“香味” 的不同說法:aroma、fragrance、scent、perfume
內(nèi)容簡介
芳香的氣味總是令人愉悅。但是,在英語中,飯菜的香味和蠟燭的馨香可以用同樣的單詞描述嗎?希望本期 “你問我答” 節(jié)目能幫助你從 “aroma、fragrance、scent” 和 “perfume” 的不同用法中學(xué)會不同的 “香味” 的表達方式。
文字稿
(關(guān)于臺詞的備注: 請注意這不是廣播節(jié)目的逐字稿件。本文稿可能沒有體現(xiàn)錄制、編輯過程中對節(jié)目做出的改變。)
Beth
Hello and welcome to Question and Answer of the Week. I'm Beth.
Buli
And I'm Buli. 本周的 “你問我答” 節(jié)目我們要回答一個 “有味道” 的問題:
Question
I would like to distinguish some words about '香氣/香味 (aroma, fragrance, scent, perfume, bouquet)' and '香的 (aromatic, fragrant, perfumed, scented)'.
Beth
Before we start, we should say there are lots of different uses for these words. We're going to talk about the most common uses. 'Bouquet', for example, is not widely used like the rest of the words describing smell, so we won't be discussing it for now.
Buli
提出本期問題的聽眾想要了解英文里與 “香氣,香味” 有關(guān)的詞匯。除了僅用于形容 “花香” 或 “酒香” 的單詞 “bouquet”,問題中這些形容 “香氣” 或 “散發(fā)香味” 的英文詞匯確實有些容易混淆。那么本期節(jié)目我們就為大家講解其中最常用的單詞 “aroma、fragrance、scent” 和 “perfume”。Speaking of good smells, you smell lovely today, Beth. Are you wearing a new perfume?
Beth
Thank you. I am! Now, 'perfume' is a smell you spray onto your skin or clothes that makes you smell good, and it usually comes in a bottle.
Buli
名詞 “perfume” 就是 “香水”,它也可以指 “香水的味道”。
Beth
'Fragrance' can mean the same thing, but 'fragrance' is more common in advertising.
Buli
是的,“perfume” 和 “fragrance” 的含義幾乎完全相同。它們的區(qū)別在于 “fragrance” 更常被用于廣告詞當中。來聽第一組例句。
Examples
Can I borrow your perfume please? I forgot mine.
(我能借用一下你的香水嗎?我忘帶我的了。)
Excuse me. I'm looking for perfume. Can you show me where it is, please?
(不好意思,我在找香水??梢哉埬愀嬖V我香水在哪里嗎?)
'Intense. New fragrance for men.'
(“熱切” —— 新款男士香水。)
Buli
和 “perfume” 與 “fragrance” 不同,“scent” 通常用來描述某種事物自然產(chǎn)生的 “氣味或香氣”。比如,獵人追蹤獵物時,就可能通過 “scent(氣味)” 來判斷獵物的方位。
Beth
'Scent' can be used for people and places too. Your house probably has a different scent to my house, Buli!
Buli
It probably does. “Scent” 也可以用來形容 “某人或某個地方的氣味”。特別是在家居生活中,“scent” 的形容詞形式 “scented(有香味的)” 可以用來描述各種 “有馨香味道的” 家居用品。
Beth
That's right. If something is 'scented', it means a nice smell has been added to it.
Buli
比如,我的家里就有 “scented candles(香薰蠟燭)”,“scented soap(香皂)”,“scented detergent(芳香洗滌劑)”。
Beth
We can also use 'fragranced' to describe things that have a sweet, pleasant smell.
Buli
沒錯?!癴ragrance” 的被動形式 “fragranced” 也經(jīng)常被用來形容事物是 “具有香甜氣味的”。添加了香味的潤膚露、精油、沐浴露和蠟燭等物品也都可以用 “fragranced” 來修飾。請聽兩個例句。
Examples
I love to relax by having a bath with some scented candles. My favourite one smells of lavender.
(想要放松時,我喜歡去泡澡并點上一些香薰蠟燭。我最喜歡的香薰蠟燭聞起來是薰衣草味的。)
This fragranced moisturising cream will help your dry skin, and it smells good too.
(這款芳香保濕霜可以改善你的皮膚干燥問題,而且聞起來也很香。)
Buli
和以上例子中的 “scented” 和 “fragranced” 一樣,“perfumed” 也可以用來表示 “某樣?xùn)|西被添加了香味”。但它們之間的區(qū)別在于 “perfumed” 通常修飾的是原本味道并不好聞的東西,比如,漂白劑 “bleach” 或拋光用的地板蠟 “floor polish”。
Beth
Bleach has a strong chemical smell, and floor polish doesn't smell very nice either. So, you might have 'perfumed' bleach or floor polish. Maybe they smell of lemon or lavender.
Buli
漂白劑和地板蠟的原料都是具有刺激氣味的化學(xué)制劑,所以在生產(chǎn)時為了使用起來更加舒適就可能會添加檸檬或薰衣草等芳香劑。最后我們來學(xué)習一組常用于描述食物充滿香氣的單詞 “aroma” 和 “aromatic”。
Beth
'Aroma' is a noun and 'aromatic' is an adjective. They mean a strong pleasant smell and are often used with food and drink.
Buli
是的,“aroma” 是名詞,“aromatic” 則是它的形容詞形式。它們的意思是 “強烈的香氣” 和 “散發(fā)出強烈香氣的”。比如說,昨天晚上我在餐館點了一份加了孜然和香菜的咖喱飯,那味道可真是香氣撲鼻 “so aromatic”。
Beth
Wow. It sounds delicious – a lovely 'aroma'. We can use 'fragrant' with the same meaning. So, I made salmon with a fragrant sweet sauce last night. It had tamarind paste and honey in it.
Buli
嗯,你的廚藝聽起來很高超啊。Beth 在形容自己做的三文魚時使用的 “fragrant” 和我剛才說的 “aromatic” 的用法是一樣的,都可以用來形容 “散發(fā)著香氣” 的食物。
Beth
We're both been eating good-smelling food recently then!
Buli
最后我們來復(fù)習一下本期節(jié)目的詞匯。名詞 “perfume” 和 “fragrance” 都可以用來表示 “香水” 或 “香水的香氣”。名詞 “scent(氣味)”,多指 “人、動物或地點自然產(chǎn)生的氣味”。你可以用 “scented” 或 “fragranced” 來形容 “額外添加了香味的” 家居用品。而 “perfumed” 形容的則是原本沒有氣味或氣味不好聞,所以 “添加了香味的” 各類用品。名詞 “aroma”,形容詞 “aromatic” 和 “fragrant” 則可以用來描述食物的 “香氣” 或食物 “聞起來很香”。
Beth
Remember, if you have a question about the English language you'd like to ask us, please send us an email. Our email address is: questions.chinaelt@bbc.co.uk
Buli
你也可以通過微博向我們提問。我們的微博賬號是 “BBC英語教學(xué)”。Bye, everyone.
Beth
Bye!