你問我答
如何判斷動詞后應(yīng)用 “to do” 還是 “to doing”？
內(nèi)容簡介
一位聽眾來信問道：如何判斷動詞后應(yīng)用不定式 “to do” 還是 “to + 動詞-ing”？要解答這個問題，還要從句子中的主動詞是什么來加以判斷。在本期節(jié)目中，主持人 Beth 和佳瑩通過分析一段音頻中對 “to + 動詞原形” 和 “to + 動詞-ing” 的使用來講解判斷動詞后應(yīng)跟 “to do” 還是 “to doing” 的方法和技巧。
文字稿
（關(guān)于臺詞的備注: 請注意這不是廣播節(jié)目的逐字稿件。本文稿可能沒有體現(xiàn)錄制、編輯過程中對節(jié)目做出的改變。）
Beth
Hello and welcome to Question and Answer of the Week. I'm Beth.
Jiaying
And I'm Jiaying. 本期節(jié)目中要回答的問題是這樣的：
Question
請問什么時候 “to” 后跟動詞原形，什么時候跟動詞-ing 呢？
Jiaying
Thank you for your question! 單詞 “to” 的后面可以直接跟動詞原形，構(gòu)成不定式 “to do”，在一些情況下 “to” 還可以作介詞，后面跟動詞-ing。
Beth
But don't worry! We're here to explain and give you lots of examples to help you know when and how to use 'to'.
Jiaying
我們先來聽一段音頻，音頻中的男士和女士將進(jìn)行一次簡短的對話，對話中將用到大量的 “to”。
Dialogue
A: What are your plans this weekend?
（A：這個周末你有什么打算？）
B: I'm going to spend my whole weekend studying. I need to finish this assignment. I never get round to finishing on time. I'm looking forward to chilling out next weekend.
（B：我打算整個周末都用來學(xué)習(xí)。我需要完成這個作業(yè)。我總是不能按時完成作業(yè)。不過我希望下周末能好好放松一下。）
A: Sounds great. There's an autobiography I want to read actually, so if I feel up to starting that, I might join you!
（A：你安排得不錯。其實，有一本自傳我特別想讀一讀，如果我這周末有精力開始的話，我也會像你一樣讀書學(xué)習(xí)。 ）
Jiaying
在上面的這段音頻中，單詞 “to” 出現(xiàn)了六次，其中不定式 “to + 動詞原形” 的結(jié)構(gòu)出現(xiàn)了三次。不定式 “to do” 的結(jié)構(gòu)在英語中十分常見。
Beth
In English, when two verbs are put together, the first one determines whether the second verb starts with the infinitive and 'to' or an -ing form.
Jiaying
沒錯，當(dāng)一句話中出現(xiàn)兩個動詞時，通常前面的動詞就決定了 “to” 后面的動詞的形式。這通常并沒有絕對的規(guī)律可循，而是需要根據(jù)句子中的動詞本身來逐一進(jìn)行判斷和記憶。
我們先來聽一遍音頻中使用了不定式 “to do” 的三句話。
Examples
I'm going to spend my whole weekend studying.
I need to finish this assignment.
There's an autobiography I want to read actually.
Beth
When we follow 'go', 'need' or 'want' with another verb, the second verb must be an infinitive with 'to'.
Jiaying
That's right. 除了 “go、need、want” 的后面跟 “to do” 以外，動詞 “plan、choose” 和 “agree” 等等的后面也可以跟不定式 “to do”：plan to do something 計劃做某事、choose to do something 選擇做某事、agree to do something 同意做某事。我們來聽三個例句。
Examples
I plan to finish my dissertation this week.
（我計劃本周完成我的論文。）
I chose to study maths instead of physics.
（我選擇了學(xué)習(xí)數(shù)學(xué)而不是物理。）
I agreed to wash up, even though I didn't want to.
（我還是同意了洗碗，盡管我不想洗。）
Beth
Now, let's look at some phrasal verbs which end in 'to'.
Jiaying
動詞短語通常由動詞和小品詞組成，介詞 “to” 是許多動詞短語中的小品詞。在英語中，介詞后跟的動詞通常是動詞-ing 形式。
Beth
Yes. That means that phrasal verbs and set expressions with 'to' are also followed by an -ing form.
Jiaying
這就解釋了一些動詞短語中的介詞 “to” 后面為什么是動詞 -ing。我們先來再聽一遍前面的音頻中，介詞 “to” 后跟動詞-ing 的三句話。
Examples
I never get round to finishing on time.
I'm looking forward to chilling out next weekend.
So, if I feel up to starting that, I might join you!
Jiaying
“Get round to doing something” 的意思是 “設(shè)法找到足夠的時間做某事”；“l(fā)ook forward to doing something” 的意思是 “期待將要做的事情”；“feel up to doing something” 的意思是 “感到自己有能力、精力或心情做某事”。
Beth
Yes. And all of these end in 'to' and are followed by a verb ending in -ing. There are more examples of phrasal verbs that have the preposition 'to', like 'face up to' and 'stick to'.
Jiaying
“Face up to doing something 面對、正視做某件事情”。“Stick to doing something 堅持或繼續(xù)做某件事情”。來聽兩個例句。
Examples
I have to face up to working longer hours than I used to. I need the money.
（我不得不接受工作時間比過去更長的現(xiàn)實。因為我需要錢。）
You should stick to studying Spanish. You're good at it.
（你應(yīng)該堅持學(xué)習(xí)西班牙語。你很擅長這門語言。）
Beth
There are other phrases that use 'to', like 'think back to' and 'refer to'. These have the preposition 'to' and are followed by an -ing verb.
Jiaying
That's right. “Think back to doing something 回想做過某件事情”?！癛efer to doing something 提到做過某件事情”。聽兩個例句。
Examples
Think back to being a teenager. Did you stay up late at night?
（回想一下十幾歲的時候。那會兒你晚上熬夜嗎？）
She never referred to meeting him in person. She said it was a phone call.
（她從來沒有提到親自與他見過面。她說只是和他打了一通電話。）
Beth
Alright. The best way to learn these is to practise saying them out loud with ‘to’ and the infinitive or -ing. Start by practising with the examples in this episode.
Jiaying
建議大家在學(xué)習(xí)這些包含 “to” 的搭配和短語時，變換 “to” 后面跟的動詞來進(jìn)行記憶，并將它們大聲朗讀出來。不妨先從本期節(jié)目中介紹過的搭配或短語開始練習(xí)。
Beth
Remember, if you have a question about the English language you'd like to ask us, please send us an email. Our email address is: questions.chinaelt@bbc.co.uk
Jiaying
你也可以通過微博私信的方式向我們提問。我們的微博賬號是 “BBC英語教學(xué)”。Bye.
Beth
Bye!
