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BBC Learning English 英語(yǔ)教學(xué)
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你問(wèn)我答

No 和 without 后跟名詞單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)?

內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介

一位聽(tīng)眾來(lái)信詢(xún)問(wèn)限定詞 “no” 和介詞 “without” 后應(yīng)跟名詞單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)。比如: “沒(méi)有糖,不加糖” 的英語(yǔ)表達(dá)方式是 “no sugar” 還是 “no sugars”,還是兩者均成立?當(dāng) “without” 的后面跟可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)時(shí),“without” 和這個(gè)名詞之間是不是必須加冠詞?答案就在本期 “你問(wèn)我答” 節(jié)目中。

文字稿

(關(guān)于臺(tái)詞的備注: 請(qǐng)注意這不是廣播節(jié)目的逐字稿件。本文稿可能沒(méi)有體現(xiàn)錄制、編輯過(guò)程中對(duì)節(jié)目做出的改變。)

Jiaying
大家好,歡迎收聽(tīng) BBC英語(yǔ)教學(xué)的 “你問(wèn)我答” 節(jié)目。I'm Jiaying. 

Phil
And I'm Phil. Here's the question we're going to look at:

Question
你好,請(qǐng)教一下 “no” 與 “without” 后跟名詞單復(fù)數(shù)的問(wèn)題。

Phil
This question looks at the determiner 'no', which refers to a zero quantity, and 'without', which as a preposition refers to something being absent. And this question is not just about whether nouns are plural or singular, but also whether they're countable or uncountable.

Jiaying
是的,“no” 可以指 “事物的數(shù)量為零,沒(méi)有…”;“without” 可以指 “沒(méi)有…,缺少…”。兩者的含義有重疊的部分,所以很容易被混淆。在判斷包含單詞 “no” 或者 “without” 的否定句中,它們的后面跟名詞的單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)之前,我們應(yīng)該先判斷名詞本身是可數(shù)還是不可數(shù)名詞。

先來(lái)看用來(lái)表達(dá)否定含義的限定詞 “no”。

Phil
We use 'no' directly in front of nouns. If a noun is uncountable, then there is no plural form. So, we just use the uncountable noun.

Jiaying
用 “no” 表達(dá) “沒(méi)有…” 的時(shí)候,后面直接加名詞。如果名詞是不可數(shù)的,那么就沒(méi)有什么復(fù)數(shù)形式可言,因此直接用 “no + 不可數(shù)名詞”。聽(tīng)兩個(gè)例句。

Examples
There's no paper in the printer. You'll need to get some more.
(打印機(jī)里沒(méi)有紙了。你需要再拿一些來(lái)。)

We have no time today. Let's try tomorrow.
(我們今天沒(méi)有時(shí)間。咱們明天再試試。)

Jiaying
如果 “no” 后面跟的名詞是可數(shù)的,那么多用這個(gè)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。聽(tīng)兩個(gè)例句。

Examples
There are no trains tomorrow. You'll have to get a bus.
(明天沒(méi)有火車(chē)運(yùn)行。你必須得坐公共汽車(chē)。)

It was late and no students were left in the library.
(那時(shí)已經(jīng)很晚了,圖書(shū)館里沒(méi)有學(xué)生了。) 

Phil
This sounds fairly straightforward, but there are some things to look out for. Some nouns can be either countable or uncountable, and this is often the case with food and drink related ones. 

Jiaying
由于一些名詞既可以作可數(shù)名詞,也可以作不可數(shù)名詞使用,所以我們來(lái)特別講解一下這種情況。這類(lèi)名詞通常和 “食物” 或 “飲料” 有關(guān)。比如:“sugar” 在指 “糖” 這種調(diào)料的時(shí)候,是不可數(shù)名詞,但當(dāng)它用來(lái)表示 “一塊糖、一份糖” 的時(shí)候,則作可數(shù)名詞使用。來(lái)聽(tīng)兩個(gè)使用了 “no + sugar/sugars” 的例句。

Examples
There's no sugar in the cupboard, so we need to buy some more.
(櫥柜里沒(méi)白糖了,所以我們需要再買(mǎi)一些。)

This is the coffee with no sugars – have this one. Mine's got three sugars. You won't like it.
(這杯咖啡里一塊糖也沒(méi)有,你喝吧。我的這杯里面放了三塊糖。你不會(huì)喜歡的。)

Jiaying
雖然 “no” 的后面可以跟可數(shù)名詞單數(shù),但 “no + 可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)” 這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)聽(tīng)起來(lái)文學(xué)性較強(qiáng),它有可能是過(guò)時(shí)的舊式說(shuō)法或固定表達(dá)中的一部分,所以并不常見(jiàn)。來(lái)聽(tīng)兩個(gè)使用了 “no + 可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)” 的例句。

Examples
We are going to leave no stone unturned when looking for the person who did this.
(我們將不遺余力地尋找肇事者。) 

No writer is better than her at writing science fiction.
(沒(méi)有哪位作家比她更擅長(zhǎng)寫(xiě)科幻小說(shuō)。)

Phil
So, it is possible to use singular nouns after 'no', but it's not common. If you're unsure, stick to using plural nouns.

Jiaying
下面來(lái)看看 “without”?!癢ithout” 作介詞使用時(shí),后跟名詞?!癢ithout” 后面的可數(shù)名詞既可以是復(fù)數(shù)也可以是單數(shù)。有一點(diǎn)需要記?。骸皐ithout” 后跟可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)時(shí),“without” 和名詞之間需要使用相應(yīng)的冠詞。

Phil
Just remember that we don't need an article if the noun is uncountable. Listen to these examples. 

Examples
I shouldn't have left home without a coat. It's freezing!
(我不該不穿外套就離開(kāi)家。天真冷?。?/p>

It was an easy journey. We got here without problems.
(一路暢通,我們順利到達(dá)。)

This isn't going to get fixed without money.
(沒(méi)有錢(qián),這個(gè)就修不了。)

Jiaying
我們來(lái)總結(jié)一下前面講過(guò)的內(nèi)容:限定詞 “no” 的后面可以直接跟不可數(shù)名詞,當(dāng) “no” 后跟可數(shù)名詞時(shí),名詞多為復(fù)數(shù),除非 “no + 可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)” 是一個(gè)固定搭配或表達(dá)中的一部分;介詞 “without” 后面可以直接加不可數(shù)名詞或可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù),如果它的后面跟的是可數(shù)名詞單數(shù),那么名詞前需要加上相應(yīng)的冠詞。

Phil
We hope that we've answered your question. If you have a question that you'd like us to answer, you can email us too at: questions.chinaelt@bbc.co.uk  

Jiaying
你也可以通過(guò)微博私信的方式把問(wèn)題發(fā)送給我們,我們的微博賬號(hào)是 “BBC英語(yǔ)教學(xué)”。Bye, everyone!

Phil
Bye.

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