你問(wèn)我答
三個(gè)表示 “技能” 的名詞的區(qū)別： ability、skill、trick
內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介
名詞 “ability”、“skill” 和 “trick” 的意思都是 “技能”，但它們的用法不完全相同。比如，“語(yǔ)言技能” 是 “l(fā)anguage skills”，但 “與生俱來(lái)或通常無(wú)法后天習(xí)得的能力” 是 “natural ability”，“妙招” 則是 “clever tricks”。本期節(jié)目通過(guò)一段談?wù)搨€(gè)人寫(xiě)作能力的例文，逐一講解這三個(gè)近義詞之間的主要區(qū)別。
文字稿
（關(guān)于臺(tái)詞的備注: 請(qǐng)注意這不是廣播節(jié)目的逐字稿件。本文稿可能沒(méi)有體現(xiàn)錄制、編輯過(guò)程中對(duì)節(jié)目做出的改變。）
Beth
Hello and welcome to Question and Answer of the Week. I'm Beth.
Jiaying
And I'm Jiaying. 本期節(jié)目的問(wèn)題是這樣的：
Question
我們會(huì)碰到 “ability、skill、trick” 三個(gè)單詞都表示 “技巧，能力” 的情況，那么它們有什么區(qū)別呢？
Jiaying
謝謝你的提問(wèn)！名詞 “ability”、“skill” 和 “trick” 的意思都是 “技能”，所以很容易被混淆。
Beth
Indeed. So, to explain the difference, we're going to hear someone speaking about writing essays.
Jiaying
為了幫助大家區(qū)分這三個(gè)名詞之間的區(qū)別，請(qǐng)聽(tīng)一段話，邊聽(tīng)邊思考這個(gè)問(wèn)題：說(shuō)話人覺(jué)得自己擅長(zhǎng)寫(xiě)作文嗎？
Monologue
You're so good at writing essays. I don't have the skills, but that's why my teacher is sending me to a study skills class. You seem to have a natural ability. Do you know any tricks that could help me write better?
（你作文寫(xiě)得很好。我的寫(xiě)作能力不怎么好，這也正是我的老師要送我去參加一個(gè)學(xué)習(xí)技巧班的原因。你似乎有天生的寫(xiě)作能力。你有可以幫助我提高寫(xiě)作能力的訣竅嗎？）
Beth
So, let's start with looking at the difference between the nouns 'ability' and 'skill' as they are very similar.
Jiaying
先來(lái)講一講含義和用法最相近的兩個(gè)詞 —— “ability” 和 “skill” 之間的區(qū)別。在講解之前，再聽(tīng)一遍這句話。
Example
I don't have the skills, but that's why my teacher is sending me to a study skills class. You seem to have a natural ability.
Beth
It sounds like this person doesn't think they are good at writing essays because they don't have natural ability. 'Ability' is often something that you can naturally do, so it can be difficult to learn and to teach.
Jiaying
沒(méi)錯(cuò)，我們前面提出的問(wèn)題的答案是：說(shuō)話人覺(jué)得自己不擅長(zhǎng)寫(xiě)作文。這里，他用到了名詞 “skill” 和 “ability”。其中，名詞 “ability” 的意思是 “能力”，它往往強(qiáng)調(diào) “天生的才能”。
Beth
It's much easier to teach a 'skill' than an 'ability'. You can get better at a skill by practising and then improving over time.
Jiaying
我們通常需要通過(guò)積累經(jīng)驗(yàn)和訓(xùn)練來(lái)培養(yǎng) “skills（技能）”，但很難這樣培養(yǎng) “ability”。這也是為什么說(shuō)話人被送去參加了 “study skills class（學(xué)習(xí)技巧班）” 的原因。請(qǐng)聽(tīng)兩個(gè)使用了名詞 “skill” 的例句。
Examples
A lot of technical skills are needed for this job.
（做這份工作需要擁有很多專業(yè)的技術(shù)技能。）
He seems to lack basic conversational skills. It's hard to chat to him.
（他似乎缺乏基本的會(huì)話技巧。和他聊天很費(fèi)勁。）
Jiaying
另外，名詞 “ability” 所指的 “才能，能力” 是強(qiáng)是弱比較難以衡量。通常我們說(shuō)一個(gè)人要么有要么沒(méi)有某種 “ability”。來(lái)聽(tīng)兩個(gè)使用了名詞 “ability” 的例句。
Examples
I have no doubt about your ability to do well in this competition.
（我確信你有能力在這場(chǎng)比賽中取得好成績(jī)。）
Being able to write down language is an ability unique to humans.
（能夠?qū)⒄Z(yǔ)言書(shū)寫(xiě)成文字是人類獨(dú)有的能力。）
Jiaying
下面，我們來(lái)講名詞 “trick”。先來(lái)再聽(tīng)一遍這個(gè)使用了名詞 “trick” 的句子。
Example
Do you know any tricks that could help me write better?
Beth
A trick can be a quick and effective way of doing something.
Jiaying
是的，名詞 “trick” 指 “技巧”，也就是 “能幫你快速有效地做一件事情的訣竅、秘訣”。在上面聽(tīng)到的這個(gè)句子中，說(shuō)話人詢問(wèn)對(duì)話中的另一方有沒(méi)有一些 “tricks（妙招，訣竅）” 可以幫助他提高寫(xiě)作能力。Do you have any tricks for our listeners to help them improve their essay writing, Beth?
Beth
I do! If you use different sentence lengths, it will make your essays sound more interesting. Can you share any tricks, Jiaying?
Jiaying
I like to use a thesaurus to look for synonyms. Then I'm not repeating the same words!
Beth
That is a good trick! Now, let's summarise.
Jiaying
總結(jié)一下：名詞 “ability” 多指 “天生就擁有的才能，能力”，這種 “能力” 通常很難通過(guò)積累經(jīng)驗(yàn)和訓(xùn)練而習(xí)得；而名詞 “skill” 則指 “可以后天學(xué)來(lái)的技能”；名詞 “trick” 指 “秘訣，訣竅，技巧”。
Beth
Remember, if you have a question about the English language you'd like to ask us, please send us an email. Our email address is: questions.chinaelt@bbc.co.uk
Jiaying
你也可以通過(guò)微博向我們提問(wèn)。我們的微博賬號(hào)是 “BBC英語(yǔ)教學(xué)”。Bye, everyone.
Beth
Bye!
