十四屆全國(guó)人大二次會(huì)議5日上午在人民大會(huì)堂開幕。國(guó)務(wù)院總理李強(qiáng)作政府工作報(bào)告。報(bào)告中指出，2023年我國(guó)國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值增長(zhǎng)5.2%，增速居世界主要經(jīng)濟(jì)體前列。新能源汽車產(chǎn)銷量占全球比重超過60%，技術(shù)合同成交額增長(zhǎng)28.6%，創(chuàng)新驅(qū)動(dòng)發(fā)展能力持續(xù)提升。

哥斯達(dá)黎加前總統(tǒng)顧問奧頓·索利斯認(rèn)為，中國(guó)不僅同時(shí)實(shí)現(xiàn)了經(jīng)濟(jì)快速增長(zhǎng)和大規(guī)模減貧，而且其先進(jìn)的技術(shù)優(yōu)勢(shì)和環(huán)保產(chǎn)品使其在高品質(zhì)生產(chǎn)競(jìng)賽中站穩(wěn)腳跟，再加上中國(guó)巨大的國(guó)內(nèi)市場(chǎng)和高儲(chǔ)蓄率，中國(guó)未來將仍是全球經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的重要引擎。

The dream of every developing country is to eradicate poverty and to achieve a high GDP economic growth rate. As simple and obvious as these two objectives might appear, the fact is that in most countries of the world, in both academia and policy-making circles, there are widely diverging positions on the issue.

每個(gè)發(fā)展中國(guó)家的夢(mèng)想都是消除貧困，實(shí)現(xiàn)GDP的高速增長(zhǎng)。盡管這兩個(gè)目標(biāo)可能看起來簡(jiǎn)單又明顯，但事實(shí)上，在世界的大多數(shù)國(guó)家，不論是學(xué)術(shù)界還是決策層，對(duì)于經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)問題的立場(chǎng)都普遍存在分歧。

Should economic growth take priority, relegating poverty reduction policies when a high level of per capita income becomes a reality? Is there a causality relationship between economic growth and poverty reduction? If so, does economic growth per se lead to poverty reduction, rendering the correct trickle-down approach? If poverty reduction is given priority, will that help or hinder economic growth?

在實(shí)現(xiàn)人均收入達(dá)到高水平之后，是否應(yīng)該把經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的優(yōu)先級(jí)放在減貧政策之前？經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)和減貧之間是否存在因果關(guān)系？如果是這樣，通過經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)是否就能消除貧困，形成涓滴效應(yīng)？如果把減貧擺在優(yōu)先位置，是否會(huì)幫助還是會(huì)阻礙經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)？

China did not dwell too much on these issues. China decided to meet the two challenges at once with extraordinary success.

中國(guó)沒有在這些問題上過于糾結(jié)。中國(guó)決定一次同時(shí)應(yīng)對(duì)兩個(gè)挑戰(zhàn)并取得了巨大的成功。

China's economy grew at an average rate of about 10 percent per year for four decades, which allowed it to lift more than 800 million people out of extreme poverty. Its economy became the industrial powerhouse of the world and its mastering of advanced technologies, either adopting from other countries or created locally, generated a substantial competitive edge vis-à-vis both the developed Western economies and the Global South.

四十年來，中國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)保持10%的年均增長(zhǎng)速度，并讓超8億人擺脫極度貧困。中國(guó)成為世界工業(yè)強(qiáng)國(guó)，中國(guó)從其他國(guó)家學(xué)習(xí)或本土研發(fā)的先進(jìn)技術(shù)為其帶來了巨大的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì)，無論是相比西方發(fā)達(dá)經(jīng)濟(jì)體還是發(fā)展中經(jīng)濟(jì)體。

Unlike most emerging economies China tallies a large domestic market. Given the high rate of household savings, demand can be boosted even without increasing government expenditure.

和大多數(shù)新興經(jīng)濟(jì)體不同，中國(guó)擁有巨大的國(guó)內(nèi)市場(chǎng)。考慮到中國(guó)的高儲(chǔ)蓄率，中國(guó)無需增加政府支出便可以刺激需求。

China has already won the favor of global markets as far as high-tech and environmentally friendly products are concerned. A quarter of China's manufactured exports are high-tech products. China accounts for about 80 percent of the global market for solar panels and more than 60 percent of wind energy production. Given that environmental certifications are becoming an imperative in sale pitching, sustainable energy is of paramount importance.

中國(guó)在高科技和環(huán)保產(chǎn)品上已經(jīng)征服了全球市場(chǎng)。中國(guó)制造業(yè)出口產(chǎn)品有四分之一是高科技產(chǎn)品。中國(guó)的太陽(yáng)能電池板和風(fēng)能產(chǎn)品分別占據(jù)全球市場(chǎng)的近80%和超60%。隨著環(huán)保認(rèn)證逐漸成為銷售中的強(qiáng)制性要求，可持續(xù)能源也變得極為重要。

Importantly, China is also the largest manufacturer of electric vehicles. These and other indicators clearly position China in the pole position in any race for quality production. 

重要的是，中國(guó)還是電動(dòng)汽車的最大生產(chǎn)國(guó)。種種因素讓中國(guó)在高品質(zhì)生產(chǎn)中站穩(wěn)了領(lǐng)跑位置。

The US is the world's largest economy and there is much to admire about some of its achievements. But China's strength is important for balancing the world domineering ambitions of US politicians. Therefore, the Global South would benefit if an optimistic and visionary China emerges from the annual sessions of the National People's Congress and the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference — a China that will continue to promote global peace, prosperity and sustainability.

美國(guó)是全世界最大的經(jīng)濟(jì)體，對(duì)于美國(guó)的一些成就有很多值得欽佩的地方。但是中國(guó)力量對(duì)于平衡美國(guó)政客主導(dǎo)世界的野心也很重要。所以，如果從兩會(huì)中看到一個(gè)樂觀、有遠(yuǎn)見的中國(guó)，一個(gè)繼續(xù)推動(dòng)全球和平、繁榮和可持續(xù)發(fā)展的中國(guó)，發(fā)展中國(guó)家將因此受益。

本文作者Otton Solis（奧頓·索利斯）是西班牙IE大學(xué)的教授、北京對(duì)話俱樂部高級(jí)會(huì)員、2018-2022年間哥斯達(dá)黎加前總統(tǒng)特別顧問。

英文來源：中國(guó)日?qǐng)?bào)

編譯：丹妮

審稿：董靜、齊磊