你問(wèn)我答
Than作介詞和連詞的用法
內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介
聽(tīng)眾 Jasmine 對(duì)單詞 “than” 作介詞和連詞時(shí)的區(qū)別感到困惑，她尤其想知道該如何判斷 “than” 后面跟的人稱代詞要用主格還是賓格。比如：She's better at football than _______. 如果空格處只能填一個(gè)表示 “他” 的單詞，該填 “him” 還是 “he”？在這句話中，“than” 的詞性是什么？聽(tīng)節(jié)目中的解答，學(xué)習(xí) “than” 作介詞和連詞的用法。
文字稿
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Feifei
大家好，歡迎收聽(tīng) BBC英語(yǔ)教學(xué)的 “你問(wèn)我答” 節(jié)目。I'm Feifei.
Phil
And I'm Phil. We've got a question from Jasmine about how we use the word 'than'.
Question
Hi! I've come across the usage of "than" many times, but I still fail to figure out how to use it. What is the difference between "than" as a conjunction and a preposition? Is the word after it in the nominative or objective case? Thank you.
Feifei
聽(tīng)眾 Jasmine 想知道單詞 “than” 作介詞和作連詞的時(shí)候有什么區(qū)別。
Phil
This is actually a question that people have been talking about for centuries, so I think we should try and answer it. Shall we start by quickly defining the difference between a preposition and a conjunction?
Feifei
Yes. 介詞和連詞都屬于語(yǔ)法上的功能詞，也就是無(wú)實(shí)義的虛詞，用來(lái)說(shuō)明句中實(shí)義詞之間的關(guān)系。介詞和連詞的區(qū)別在于，介詞可以用在名詞、名詞詞組或者代詞之前。比如 “in the office”、“at work”、“on the other hand”。而連詞還可以用在從句或者短語(yǔ)的前面。比如：I went out although it's raining.（雖然在下雨，但我還是出門(mén)了。）Please don't leave until everyone arrives.（在所有人都到齊之前請(qǐng)不要離開(kāi)。）在這兩句話中，連詞 “although” 和 “until” 后面直接跟了從句。
Phil
What complicates things is that some words can be both, and 'than' is one of those words. As highlighted in the question, that affects the case of the words that follow. Let's have a look at 'than' as a preposition – we use it in comparisons to show what we're comparing something to. Listen to these examples.
Examples
You're older than me, aren't you?
（你年紀(jì)比我大，對(duì)不對(duì)？）
She's much better at football than him.
（她踢足球比他強(qiáng)多了。）
I can't pick that bag of rice up, it weighs more than 50 kilos.
（我提不起這袋米，它有50多公斤重。）
Feifei
在上面的三個(gè)例句中，“than” 用作介詞，后面跟著人稱代詞或名詞詞組。注意，在介詞 “than” 的后面要用人稱代詞的賓格。比如例句中的 “older than me”、“better than him”。
Phil
As we said earlier, it can also be a conjunction. As a conjunction, it links two clauses together. This is where we need to pay attention to any personal pronouns. We need to use the appropriate subject or object forms depending on the roles they play in the clause. Listen to the examples.
Examples
You're older than I am, aren't you?
（你年紀(jì)比我大，對(duì)不對(duì)？）
She's much better at football than he is.
（她踢足球比他強(qiáng)多了。）
I think it's easier to learn Turkish than it is to learn Arabic.
（我覺(jué)得學(xué)土耳其語(yǔ)比學(xué)阿拉伯語(yǔ)容易。）
Feifei
在上面的三個(gè)例句中，“than” 用作連詞，雖然 “than” 的意思還是 “前者比后者……”，但它的后面跟的是從句。在第一個(gè)例句中，You're older than I am, aren't you? “Than” 后面的從句是 “I am”，從句的主語(yǔ)為人稱代詞主格 “I”。在第二個(gè)例句中，She's much better at football than he is. “Than” 后面跟的從句是 “he is”，從句的主語(yǔ)是人稱代詞主格 “he”。
Phil
You will probably have noticed that the meaning didn't really change in these examples – so what you need to pay attention to is whether 'than' is a preposition in front of a pronoun on its own, which will usually be an object, or whether it's a conjunction in front of a pronoun that is the subject of the following clause.
Feifei
在上面的例句中，不論 “than” 是作介詞還是作連詞，其實(shí)只是改變了句型，并沒(méi)有改變句意。比如：“You're older than me.” 和 “You're older than I am.” 這兩句話的意思一樣，都是 “你的年紀(jì)比我大?！?但在第一句話中，“than” 作介詞，后面跟人稱代詞賓格 “me”；在第二句話中，“than” 作連詞，后面跟從句 “I am”，這里的人稱代詞 “I” 作從句的主語(yǔ)，要用主格。需要牢記的是，介詞 “than” 后面通常跟作賓語(yǔ)的名詞，而連詞 “than” 后面跟的通常是包含主語(yǔ)的從句。
Phil
We hope that we've answered your question. Remember that if you have a question you'd like us to answer, you can email us too at questions.chinaelt@bbc.co.uk
Feifei
你也可以通過(guò)微博向我們提問(wèn)。我們的微博賬號(hào)是 “BBC英語(yǔ)教學(xué)”。謝謝收聽(tīng)，下次再會(huì)！
Phil
Bye!
