你問我答
哪些動詞后可以跟兩個賓語?
內(nèi)容簡介
一位聽眾來信詢問哪些常見的動詞和動詞短語后可以跟兩個賓語。要想掌握這個知識點,首先要明白直接賓語和間接賓語之間的區(qū)別。除此之外,動詞后跟有兩個賓語的句子結構通常是 “雙賓語結構” 或 “介詞性結構”。本期節(jié)目將對以上概念進行詳細講解。
文字稿
(關于臺詞的備注:請注意這不是廣播節(jié)目的逐字稿件。本文稿可能沒有體現(xiàn)錄制、編輯過程中對節(jié)目做出的改變。)
Jiaying
大家好,歡迎收聽 BBC英語教學的 “你問我答” 節(jié)目。I'm Jiaying.
Beth
And I'm Beth. Welcome!
Jiaying
本期節(jié)目的問題來自一位聽眾,問題是這樣的:
Question
I'd like to ask about phrases and words with two objects. Thanks!
Jiaying
下面,我們就說說有哪些動詞作謂語時,句子中常包含兩個賓語。首先,這位聽眾的問題中提到的 “two objects” 應該就是直接賓語和間接賓語。
Beth
A direct object follows a verb or a phrasal verb. For example, in the sentence 'I make a cake', 'I' is the subject, 'make' is the verb and 'a cake' is the direct object.
Jiaying
沒錯,直接賓語是謂語動詞的承受者,直接跟在動詞或動詞短語的后面。比如:I make a cake.(我烤一個蛋糕。)這里,主語是 “I”,謂語動詞是 “make”,直接賓語就是 “a cake”。
間接賓語則是受謂語動詞和直接賓語影響的人或物,是名詞或代詞。比如:I make you a cake.(我為你烤一個蛋糕。)這里,直接賓語還是 “a cake”,間接賓語則是人稱代詞 “you”。
Beth
There are many verbs and phrasal verbs that are frequently followed by two objects, and there are two patterns they tend to follow. We can call these the 'double-object pattern' and the 'prepositional pattern'.
Jiaying
是的,許多動詞和動詞短語的后面常常跟著兩個賓語。動詞后有兩個賓語的句子往往分為以下兩類:第一類被稱作 “雙賓語結構”;第二類則被稱作 “介詞性結構”。
先來看第一類 “雙賓語結構”,也就是 “主語 + 謂語 + 間接賓語 + 直接賓語”。這類句子中常見的動詞有 “give”、“take” 和 “buy”。聽三個例句。
Examples
I'll give you a present later.
(我稍后會給你一份禮物。)
He takes her a coffee every morning.
(他每天早上給她帶一杯咖啡。)
I bought my sister a phone because her old one broke.
(我給我妹妹買了一部新手機,因為她的舊手機壞了。)
Beth
These verbs can all follow the 'prepositional pattern'. This means it's possible to change the order of the objects in sentences with 'give' and 'take' by adding the preposition 'to', and with 'buy' we add the preposition 'for'.
Jiaying
動詞 “give”、“take” 和 “buy” 所在的句子還可以變成前面說到的第二類 “介詞性結構”,也就是 “主語 + 謂語 + 直接賓語 + 介詞 + 間接賓語”。當謂語動詞為 “give” 或 “take” 的時候,介詞是 “to”,用來說明動作的方向,可以理解為 “對誰做某事”;當謂語動詞是 “buy” 的時候,介詞用 “for”,用來說明動作的目的或對象,可以理解為 “為誰做某事”。聽三個例句。
Examples
I'll give a present to you later.
(我稍后會給你一份禮物。)
He takes a coffee to her every morning.
(他每天早上給她帶一杯咖啡。)
I bought a phone for my sister because her old one broke.
(我給我妹妹買了一部新手機,因為她的舊手機壞了。)
Beth
Phrasal verbs only follow the 'prepositional pattern'.
Jiaying
注意:當謂語動詞是動詞短語時,句子則只能是 “介詞性結構”。聽兩個例句。
Examples
My sister gave away her old clothes to charity.
(我姐姐把她的舊衣物捐給了慈善機構。)
The students handed in their homework to the teacher.
(學生們把作業(yè)交給了老師。)
Beth
There are lots of other verbs and phrasal verbs that can be used with direct and indirect objects, like 'write', 'tell', 'bring', and 'hand out', 'turn over' and 'give out', and there are many more.
Jiaying
是的,英語中還有很多其它可以與直接賓語和間接賓語使用的動詞和動詞短語。比如:“write”、“tell” 和 “bring” 以及 “hand out”、“turn over” 和 “give out”。
總結一下:當 “give”、“take” 等動詞作謂語時,句子中常包含兩個賓語。比如:I'll give you a present. 當直接賓語前置時,兩個賓語之間應加介詞 “to”。比如:He takes a coffee to her every morning.
此外,當 “buy”、“make”、“build” 等動詞作謂語、直接賓語前置時,兩個賓語之間應加介詞 “for”。
Beth
Remember, if you have a question about the English language you'd like to ask us, please send us an email. Our email address is: questions.chinaelt@bbc.co.uk
Jiaying
你也可以通過微博向我們提問。我們的微博賬號是 “BBC英語教學”。謝謝收聽本期 “你問我答” 節(jié)目。Bye, everyone.
Beth
Bye!