你問(wèn)我答
區(qū)分表示“引言”的名詞:foreword、preface、prologue、preamble
內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介
聽(tīng)眾 Leo 和 Grace 來(lái)信詢(xún)問(wèn) “foreword、preface、prologue” 和 “preamble” 之間的區(qū)別。這四個(gè)名詞都能用來(lái)指 “正式篇章開(kāi)始之前的一段文字”,也被稱(chēng)為 “前言,序言”。本期節(jié)目將給出這四個(gè)詞的具體定義和用法。請(qǐng)參考例句記憶它們的區(qū)別。
文字稿
(關(guān)于臺(tái)詞的備注:請(qǐng)注意這不是廣播節(jié)目的逐字稿件。本文稿可能沒(méi)有體現(xiàn)錄制、編輯過(guò)程中對(duì)節(jié)目做出的改變。)
Jiaying
大家好,歡迎收聽(tīng) BBC英語(yǔ)教學(xué)的 “你問(wèn)我答” 節(jié)目。I'm Jiaying.
Phil
And I'm Phil.
Jiaying
本期節(jié)目要回答的問(wèn)題來(lái)自 Leo 和 Grace。這兩位聽(tīng)眾都來(lái)信詢(xún)問(wèn)了單詞 “foreword、preface、prologue” 和 “preamble” 之間的區(qū)別。
Phil
There are some big similarities between all these words, but they do mean different things, so let's look at the details.
Jiaying
好的,讓我們先看一看這四個(gè)詞之間的相似之處:它們都可以用來(lái)指 “介紹性的文字”。其中有三個(gè)詞都可以指 “書(shū)籍的前言”。
Phil
Yes, that's particularly true for 'foreword', 'preface' and 'prologue'. Let's start by looking at 'foreword'. A foreword is an introduction to a book, and the key thing is that it's usually not written by the book's author.
Jiaying
是的,“foreword” 指 “前言,序言”,通常是在一本書(shū)的開(kāi)頭部分,用來(lái)解釋本書(shū)的重要性?!癋oreword” 通常不是由該書(shū)的作者寫(xiě)的,而是由一位更著名的作家或在同一題材上的杰出人物所寫(xiě),目的是提高這本書(shū)的可信度。來(lái)聽(tīng)兩個(gè)例句。
Examples
I felt so proud when my favourite author agreed to write a foreword for my book.
(當(dāng)我最喜歡的作者同意為我的書(shū)作序時(shí),我倍感自豪。)
We often find established authors write forewords for new writers' books. It helps them sell more copies.
(知名作家為新作家的書(shū)撰寫(xiě)前言很常見(jiàn)。這有助于新作家賣(mài)出更多本書(shū)。)
Phil
So, that's 'foreword'. Now let's look at 'preface'. This is also at the start of a book and is also about the book. But the big difference is that a preface is written by the author.
Jiaying
沒(méi)錯(cuò),名詞 “preface” 也指 “前言”,但與 “foreword” 最大的區(qū)別在于,“preface” 是 “作者的自序”,其中可能會(huì)寫(xiě)到作者寫(xiě)這本書(shū)的原因以及書(shū)的重要性,“preface” 里有時(shí)也會(huì)提到新版與前一版之間的不同之處。聽(tīng)兩個(gè)例句。
Examples
I explained where I got the idea for the characters in the preface.
(我在序言中解釋了書(shū)中人物的想法從何而來(lái)。)
We learn from the preface how the story reflects the author's life.
(我們可以從書(shū)的序言中了解故事是如何反映作者的生活的。)
Phil
So, that brings us to 'prologue'. Now, this is also something that you'll find at the start of a fiction book, or a poem, or a play, but a prologue isn't about the book – it's part of the story.
Jiaying
名詞 “prologue” 指 “開(kāi)場(chǎng)白;序幕”。雖然 “prologue” 也是在一本書(shū)的起始部分,但 “prologue” 并不是對(duì)這本書(shū)的介紹,而是正文或故事本身的一部分。
比如,小說(shuō)、戲劇或詩(shī)歌中可能會(huì)有 “prologue(開(kāi)場(chǎng)白,序幕)”,主要作用是介紹故事背景或人物,但通常不包含任何主要情節(jié)或事件。聽(tīng)兩個(gè)例句。
Examples
The beautifully-written prologue brings us right into the story.
(這段寫(xiě)得十分精彩的開(kāi)場(chǎng)白將我們帶入故事。)
The prologue gives no clues away about how the story will unfold.
(開(kāi)場(chǎng)白中并沒(méi)有透露任何有關(guān)故事將如何展開(kāi)的線(xiàn)索。)
Phil
Now, 'preamble' is a bit different. We use it to talk about the introduction, but it's usually the introduction to an official document, or speech, and it explains the context and importance of what follows.
Jiaying
名詞 “preamble” 與問(wèn)題中的其它三個(gè)詞有些不同?!癙reamble” 指 “官方文件或演講的緒論,導(dǎo)語(yǔ);開(kāi)場(chǎng)白”,用來(lái)解釋接下來(lái)要陳述的內(nèi)容的背景和重要性。比如,一份法律文書(shū)中的 “preamble(緒論)” 多用來(lái)說(shuō)明立法的緣由和目的。來(lái)聽(tīng)兩個(gè)例句。
Examples
The preamble to the law explains why it is necessary.
(該法律的緒論解釋了這條法律的必要性。)
As I explained in my preamble, this speech is very important to me personally.
(正如我在開(kāi)場(chǎng)中所解釋的,這次演講對(duì)我個(gè)人來(lái)說(shuō)非常重要。)
Jiaying
名詞 “foreword” 和 “preface” 的意思都是 “前言,序言”,兩者的主要區(qū)別在于:“foreword” 多為請(qǐng)他人寫(xiě)的 “序言”,而 “preface” 則通常是 “自序”?!癙rologue(開(kāi)場(chǎng)白,序幕)” 是正文的一部分。名詞 “preamble” 多為 “(法規(guī)或演講中的)緒論,導(dǎo)語(yǔ);開(kāi)場(chǎng)白”。
Phil
We hope that we've answered your question. And remember if you have a question that you'd like us to answer, you can email us too at: questions.chinaelt@bbc.co.uk
Jiaying
你也可以通過(guò)微博把問(wèn)題發(fā)送給我們,我們的微博賬號(hào)是 “BBC英語(yǔ)教學(xué)”。謝謝收聽(tīng)本期 “你問(wèn)我答” 節(jié)目。Bye, everyone!
Phil
Bye.