Ride the roller coaster of China's stock market with our guide to investor jargon and slang

Like thrill-seekers at an amusement park, China's investors are used to sudden ups and downs. Nowadays, even young Chinese born in the 2000s (known as "post-00s") are boarding the stock market roller coaster, and they're bringing a host of new slang terms to complement the existing jargon of the financial industry.

To understand when the 過山車 (guò shān chē, roller coaster) of China's stock market is heading for disaster, one needs to be well-versed in not only specialized stock market terminology but also the language of internet memes.

For example, basic operations like buying or selling a stock or fund are often expressed with metaphors related to vehicles. To buy a fund is to 上車 (shàng chē, board the car); to close out a trade is 下車 (xià chē, get off the car); and selling out a fund to buy a new one with the proceeds is 換車 (huàn chē, change car). Investors have to be careful though, as any wrong move can lead to 翻車 (fān chē, rolling a car), signifying substantial losses after investing in an underperforming stock.

Some investors believe that frequent "car changing" is more likely to lead to a rollover, so they stick to the "buy and hold" strategy. Their motto is 做時間的朋友 (zuò shí jiān de péng you, be the friend of time). No matter how the market changes, they tend not to sell their shares in the hope that this loyalty will pay off with gains in the long term. On the internet, this strategy is often dubbed as 臥倒 (wò dǎo, lie down) or, perhaps disparagingly, 躺平 (tǎng píng, lie flat).

No matter what, I will buy and lie flat.
Mǎi wán tǎng píng, ài zǎ zǎ dì.
買完躺平，愛咋咋地。

Riding the roller coaster

Clearly, investing can be a bumpy ride. Funds that fluctuate dramatically in value are referred to as roller coasters, not just because of investors' fluctuating earnings, but also the emotional ups and downs that follow.

Look at my roller coaster earnings!
Kàn kan wǒ zhè xiē guò shān chē shōu yì!
看看我這些過山車收益！

Extreme adrenaline junkies may choose to 梭哈 (suō hā), or "go all in." 梭哈 is the transliteration of the English "show hand," a term often used in stud poker.

It's time to go all in tonight.
Shí jī yǐ dào, jīn wǎn suō hā.
時機已到，今晚梭哈。

Of course, this often backfires. As their savings plummet, unfortunate investors who poured too much into failing companies face despair. In 2011, after stocks of Chongqing Brewery suffered days of drastic losses that triggered a cease in trading of the shares, a depressed investor published a post titled "Crying While Eating" on the online forum Baidu Tieba: "After coming back home today, I cooked some noodles. I cried while eating. The tears dropped into the bowl, and I didn't turn the lights on."

The phrase 關(guān)燈吃面 (guān dēng chī miàn, turning off the lights and eating noodles), quickly caught on as a stock phrase used by investors suffering losses. Nowadays, investors say they are "eating noodles" when they are losing money and 吃肉 (chī ròu, eating meat) when their investment is trending up.

Choose the right fund to invest in and you can eat meat every day.
Xuǎn duì jī jīn, tiān tiān chī ròu.
選對基金，天天吃肉。

Cutting losses

Some are lucky enough to buy a stock at the perfect time, sit back, and relax as they watch its value rise serenely. These fortunate buyers are said to 坐轎 (zuò jiào, sit in a sedan chair).

They are boosted even further by those who buy in after the stock has already begun to rise—their money helps boost the share price further, or 抬轎 (tái jiào, lifting the sedan chair), mainly benefiting those already seated comfortably having invested earlier.

I spent the whole year doing nothing but lifting the sedan chair for others.
Zhè yī nián guāng gěi rén tái jiào le.
這一年光給人抬轎了。

One of the most important skills for investors is knowing when to cut their losses. But selling low isn't easy, since gamblers (sorry, "investors") always hold out hope that those squiggly lines on the stock dashboard will turn and they'll ride the roller coaster back to the summit. Cutting one's losses on a stock is therefore referred to as 割肉 (gē ròu, cut meat), indicating that selling a stock or fund at a low price is as painful as cutting off one's own flesh.

The stock has dropped by 10 percent, it's time to cut meat.
Zhè zhī gǔ piào diē le bǎi fēn zhī shí le, gāi gē ròu le.
這支股票跌了百分之十了，該割肉了。

Clear-eyed investors know that as long as their money is in the markets, it's at risk. They argue that 落袋為安 (luò dài wéi ān), literally "money is only safe when it's in your bag," to encourage investors to cash out.

Unsurprisingly, many ignore this and instead tend to 追漲殺跌 (zhuī zhǎng shā diē, buy when the price is rising and sell when it's dropping). The losses these people incur from these poor investment decisions make them 韭菜 (jiǔ cài, leeks), a metaphor for greenhand investors who blindly follow the trends with their money and often end up losing money, or 被收割 (bèi shōu gē, getting harvested).

Fortunately, leeks grow back quickly. When a new batch of newcomers flood into the market, the once-harvested, now more experienced investors can offer valuable advice:

Investment is risky, be careful before entering the market.
Tóu zī yǒu fēng xiǎn, rù shì xū jǐn shèn.
投資有風險，入市需謹慎。

Source: The World of Chinese
Editor: wanwan