你問我答
形容詞作賓語補足語的用法
內(nèi)容簡介
一位聽眾想知道詞組 “make her happy” 中的形容詞是否充當(dāng)賓語補足語。在英語里,賓語補足語用來補充說明動詞對賓語產(chǎn)生的影響。除了 “make” 以外,還有哪些動詞可以用在 “動詞+名詞+形容詞” 的結(jié)構(gòu)中?如何記憶這類結(jié)構(gòu)的用法?聽節(jié)目,學(xué)習(xí)這個知識點。
文字稿
(關(guān)于臺詞的備注: 請注意這不是廣播節(jié)目的逐字稿件。本文稿可能沒有體現(xiàn)錄制、編輯過程中對節(jié)目做出的改變。)
Jiaying
大家好,歡迎收聽 BBC英語教學(xué)的 “你問我答” 節(jié)目。I'm Jiaying.
Beth
And I'm Beth.
Jiaying
本期節(jié)目中要回答的問題來自一位聽眾,問題由我來代讀。
Question
我記了很多 “動詞+名詞+形容詞” 的結(jié)構(gòu)。比如:“make her happy”。這個形容詞是充當(dāng)賓語補足語嗎?有沒有類似的語法規(guī)律在里面,方便歸類記憶呢?非常感謝。
Beth
Thank you very much for your question! We'll explore the grammar of this structure with lots of examples!
Jiaying
我們將在接下來的節(jié)目里講解問題中提到的語法結(jié)構(gòu)并給出相應(yīng)的例句。除此之外,我們還將分享一些在學(xué)習(xí)中可以參考的建議,以便大家記憶這個結(jié)構(gòu)的用法。
Beth
A structure consisting of a verb + a noun + an adjective, like 'make her happy', is a verb phrase. 'Happy' is an adjective which refers to the effect or impact the verb has on the object.
Jiaying
是的,在動詞詞組 “make her happy(讓她感到高興)” 當(dāng)中,形容詞 “happy” 充當(dāng)賓語補足語,用來進一步說明動詞 “make” 對賓語 “her” 產(chǎn)生的影響。
Beth
It's also possible to use a different noun, not just a pronoun, in this structure.
Jiaying
根據(jù)句子含義的不同,這個結(jié)構(gòu)中的賓語不一定是代詞,還可以是普通的名詞。聽三個例句,例句中使用了 “make + 名詞 + 形容詞” 的結(jié)構(gòu)。
Examples
I hate it when people don't indicate when they drive. It really makes me mad.
(我討厭有人開車時不打轉(zhuǎn)向指示燈。這真的讓我很生氣。)
Thinking about his exam tomorrow really makes him nervous.
(想到明天要考試,他就緊張得不行。)
The couple work very different hours to each other. It really makes life difficult.
(這對夫婦的工作時間非常不同。這真的讓生活變得很困難。)
Jiaying
在上面的三個例句中,動詞 “make” 的賓語分別是代詞 “me”、“him” 和普通名詞 “life”。形容詞分別是 “mad(生氣的)”、“nervous(緊張的)” 和 “difficult(困難的)”,在句子中作賓語補足語使用。
Beth
It's not just 'make' that uses this structure. Other common verbs that are used like this are 'do' and 'keep'.
Jiaying
除了 “make” 以外,其它常用在 “動詞 + 名詞 + 形容詞” 結(jié)構(gòu)中的動詞還有 “do”、“keep” 等等。比如:do someone good(對某人有好處)、keep someone warm(讓某人暖和起來)。聽兩個例句。
Examples
I give him vegetables even though he doesn't like them. It will do him good.
(盡管他不愛吃蔬菜,我還是給他吃。吃菜對他有好處。)
Wear this scarf. It'll keep you warm.
(把這條圍巾戴上。它會幫你保暖。)
Beth
Again, adjectives that form the object complements are used here – 'good' and 'warm'.
Jiaying
下面,我們說一說使用 “動詞 + 名詞 + 形容詞” 結(jié)構(gòu)時需要注意的要點。
Beth
The key is knowing which verbs, nouns and adjectives regularly go together. For example, it's common to use the phrase 'drive someone crazy' when something annoys you, or 'make someone angry' when someone or something angers you. If you 'leave a door open', anyone can walk in!
Jiaying
沒錯,掌握這類詞組的要點就是記憶哪些動詞、名詞和形容詞通常搭配在一起使用。比如: drive someone crazy(讓某人抓狂)、make someone angry(讓某人生氣)、leave the door open(把門敞著不關(guān))。
Beth
When you hear these structures, write them down. Then practise saying them to yourself to get them in your head.
Jiaying
此外,當(dāng)聽到或者學(xué)到這類詞組的時候,除了寫下詞組本身和它的含義以外,別忘了將其發(fā)音、重讀音節(jié)等信息全部整理一遍,以方便練習(xí)。同時,你也可以通過例句來鞏固對詞組用法的理解。
Beth
And then try and use that new phrase in speaking and writing! OK, Jiaying. Let's summarise.
Jiaying
好的。在 “動詞 + 名詞 + 形容詞” 的結(jié)構(gòu)中,形容詞通常充當(dāng)賓語補足語,用來補充說明動詞對賓語產(chǎn)生的影響。在這類詞組中,常見的動詞有 “make”、“do”、“keep” 等等,這些動詞常與特定的名詞和形容詞搭配使用。在學(xué)習(xí)新的詞組的時候,要仔細(xì)整理有關(guān)該詞組的各個知識點,并通過例句進行練習(xí)和鞏固。
Beth
Remember, if you have a question about the English language you'd like to ask us, please send us an email. Our email address is: questions.chinaelt@bbc.co.uk
Jiaying
你也可以通過微博向我們提問。我們的微博賬號是 “BBC英語教學(xué)”。Bye, everyone.
Beth
Bye!