如果你覺得啤酒沒有以前好喝了，那也許不是你的錯(cuò)覺。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，受氣候危機(jī)的影響，中歐地區(qū)的啤酒花減產(chǎn)，啤酒花中賦予啤酒獨(dú)特風(fēng)味的α酸含量也在下降。

Climate breakdown is already changing the taste and quality of beer, scientists have warned.

科學(xué)家警告稱，氣候惡化已經(jīng)在改變啤酒的味道和品質(zhì)。

The quantity and quality of hops, a key ingredient in most beers, is being affected by global heating, according to a study. As a result, beer may become more expensive and manufacturers will have to adapt their brewing methods.

研究指出，多數(shù)啤酒中的重要原料啤酒花的數(shù)量和品質(zhì)正受到全球變暖的影響。啤酒可能會因此變得更貴，啤酒生產(chǎn)商也將不得不調(diào)整釀造方法。

Researchers forecast that hop yields in European growing regions will fall by 4-18% by 2050 if farmers do not adapt to hotter and drier weather, while the content of alpha acids in the hops, which gives beers their distinctive taste and smell, will fall by 20-31%.

研究人員預(yù)測，如果農(nóng)民不調(diào)整種植策略來適應(yīng)更加炎熱干燥的天氣，到2050年底前歐洲的啤酒花種植區(qū)將減產(chǎn)4%到18%，而啤酒花中賦予啤酒獨(dú)特口感和氣味的α酸含量也將減少20%到31%。

"Beer drinkers will definitely see the climate change, either in the price tag or the quality,” said Miroslav Trnka, a scientist at the Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences and co-author of the study, published in the journal Nature Communications. “That seems to be inevitable from our data.”

該研究的合著者、捷克科學(xué)院全球變化研究所的科學(xué)家米羅斯拉夫·特蘭卡稱：“喝啤酒的人肯定會從價(jià)格標(biāo)簽上或啤酒品質(zhì)上看到氣候變化。從我們的數(shù)據(jù)來看，這似乎是無可避免的?！痹撗芯堪l(fā)表在《自然-通訊》期刊上。

Beer, the third-most popular drink in the world after water and tea, is made by fermenting malted grains like barley with yeast. It is usually flavoured with aromatic hops grown mostly in the middle latitudes that are sensitive to changes in light, heat and water.

啤酒用大麥等麥芽谷物加入酵母發(fā)酵制成，是世界上僅次于水和茶的最受歡迎的飲料。在啤酒中通常會加入啤酒花來增加芳香。啤酒花主要在中緯度地區(qū)種植，對光、熱和水的變化十分敏感。

In recent years, demand for high-quality hops has been pushed up by a boom in craft beers with stronger flavours. But emissions of planet-heating gases are putting the plant at risk, the study found.

近年來，隨著味道濃烈的精釀啤酒變得流行，人們對高品質(zhì)啤酒花的需求也增加了。然而研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，溫室氣體的排放卻對啤酒花構(gòu)成了威脅。

The researchers compared the average annual yield of aroma hops during the periods 1971-1994 and 1995-2018 and found “a significant production decrease” of 0.13-0.27 tons per hectare. Celje, in Slovenia, had the greatest fall in average annual hop yield, at 19.4%.

研究人員對比1971-1994年間和1995-2018年間的香味啤酒花年均產(chǎn)量后發(fā)現(xiàn)，每公頃減產(chǎn)0.13至0.27噸，“產(chǎn)量顯著下降”。斯洛文尼亞的采列市啤酒花年均產(chǎn)量降幅最大，達(dá)到19.4%。

In Germany, the second-biggest hop producer in the world, average hop yields have fallen 19.1% in Spalt, 13.7% in Hallertau, and 9.5% in Tettnang, the study found.

研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，在世界第二大啤酒花產(chǎn)地德國，斯伯特地區(qū)的啤酒花年均產(chǎn)量下降了19.1%，哈勒陶地區(qū)下降了13.7%，泰特南地區(qū)下降了9.5%。

Beer-brewing in central Europe dates back thousands of years and is a cornerstone of the culture. The study found the alpha acid content of hops, which give beer its distinct aroma, had fallen in all regions.

中歐的啤酒釀造有數(shù)千年歷史，早已深深根植于文化當(dāng)中。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，中歐各地區(qū)啤酒花中賦予啤酒獨(dú)特風(fēng)味的α酸含量都下降了。

Andreas Auernhammer, a hop farmer in Spalt in southern Germany, said the total rainfall in his fields had changed little but that now “the rain does not come at the right time”.

德國南部斯伯特地區(qū)的一名種植啤酒花的農(nóng)民安德里亞斯·奧恩漢默表示，他的農(nóng)田里總降雨量變化不大，但是現(xiàn)在“雨水來的不是時(shí)候”。

英文來源：衛(wèi)報(bào)

翻譯&編輯：丹妮